Recontextualizing the role of the facilitator in group interaction in the outdoor classroom

The traditional role of the facilitator in outdoor education is frequently seen as outside the group of participants, either in a position of power over the participants or detached and passive. Following an ethnographic study at a residential outdoor centre, an in-depth analysis of the facilitation process was carried out, which revealed that the facilitator is always part of the group, and that the type of influence that the facilitators have on the outdoor learning process depends on the way that they approach their role within the group. For the purpose of this paper, the term ‘facilitator’ is used to refer to both centre staff as well as visiting teachers accompanying the school groups. This paper addresses critical questions regarding the effectiveness of the outdoor learning process when a position of power is adopted. The paper will also show the impact that recognizing the facilitator as a member of the group has on the learning experience in the outdoor classroom.     

A constructivist approach to studying the bullwhip effect by simulating the supply chain

The Cider Game is a simulator for a supply chain-related learning environment. Its main feature is that it provides support to students in the constructivist discovery process when learning how to make logistics decisions, at the same time as noting the occurrence of the bullwhip phenomenon. This learning environment seeks a balance between direct instruction in the learning process on the part of the tutor, and a suitable and sufficient degree of freedom to regulate independent learning on the part of students. This article describes the basic learning mechanisms using the Cider Game and the graphical learning environments that it provides. We describe the functionality provided by this application, and analyse the effect over the rational understanding of the bullwhip phenomenon by the students and whether they are able to make decisions to minimise its impact, studying the differences when that decision-making learning is done individually or in groups.     

对"开放教育"英语本科课程学习过程评价的思考

在开放教育英语本科课程的学习中，评价学生学习成绩的优劣不能完全依靠期末终结性考核成绩，而应侧重于学习过程（形成性考核）的评价，科学和正确地评价英语课程的学习过程，已成为开放教育英语本科教学中的一个重要问题，在目前的开放教育试点中还无完整的规章和现成的答案的情况下，本提出一些建议性的思考，试图探索一套比较科学和合理的评价方法，有效地监督，指导和促进开放教育英语本科学生的开放学习。     

Dyslexia in Higher Education: an abuse of the system?

Following on from a previous article which examined concerns regarding the growing demand for public examination concessions on the basis of specific learning difficulties, this article further argues against the much used one‐off psychometric assessment procedure. The appropriateness is queried of a process which does not take into account such other factors as anxiety and emotional disturbance, inappropriate teaching, parental pressure, and socio‐cultural opportunity, all of which can produce a very similar pattern of failure. The nature of specific learning difficulties is also examined, plus a comment on differing assessment techniques. It was concluded that the ‘specific’ needs to be put back into an assessment of ‘specific learning difficulty’. So‐called dyslexia should be identified as the student's major special educational need and not merely as part of a more general learning problem. To do otherwise leaves the system open to abuse, and the long‐term interests of the students concerned will not be best served. The article does not necessarily reflect the views of Carolyn Blyth's employing authority.     

高校学习型党组织建设长效机制探究

高校学习型党组织长效机制具有系统性、集体性、综合性和创新性等特征。在建立健全长效机制的过程中,要切实提升高校党组织和党员的建设力、学习力和执行力,抓紧相关制度的建设并加以落实。     

远程教育中自主学习的过程探究

自主学习是一个现代教学中经常提及的概念;尤其是在远程教育领域的研究中,自主学习更是备受关注。通过文献调研发现,很多专家和学者大都从宏观的视角来分析自主学习,而对包括制定学习计划、获取资源、参与讨论学习及提高学习成果、效果评价等阶段的自主学习过程的探究,对于远程教学实践会有更为现实的意义。     

外语教学中记忆方法的启示

记忆在外语学习过程中十分重要,由三个阶段构成.第一阶段为感觉储存阶段,第二阶段为短时记忆阶段,第三阶段为长时记忆阶段.基于这些理论提出了帮助学生们记忆单词的方法：语境法、.图式法、兴趣法,并且进一步得出结论,帮助学生们记忆就是帮助学生们对单词从陌生--熟悉化的过程.     

Designing a learning sequence about a pre‐quantitative kinetic model of gases: the parts played by questions and by a computer‐simulation

Empirical studies in physics and chemistry education have shown some of the limits of a general constructivist view of the teaching‐‐learning process. In our opinion, we need more specific constructivist models of learning, which would take into account the distinctive epistemological features of the scientific field concerned. The dynamic process that we planned is founded upon some distinctive features of theories about the structure of matter: their philosophical and non‐empirical foundations, their character as a hypothetical model, their character of mechanical analogy. This learning process can be seen as a search for an analogy between the properties of a sample of gas and the properties of a set of particles moving under rules derived from the kinetic theory of gases. The didactic experiment is based upon the use of a computer simulation. It includes a first phase of interviews. The second phase of experimentation in the classroom gives some quantitative information in usual classroom teaching‐learning conditions. The analysis of the data allowed us on the one hand to assess the short‐term and long‐term effectiveness of this learning process and on the other hand to discuss the hypotheses underlying the choice of phenomena and questions we formulated in order to design the didactical situations.     

数学教育的兴趣与自主性能力培养探讨

在数学新课标和新教材的背景下,引导学生进行自主学习和创建适合学生主体性发展的教学模式是课程改革的需要。自主学习是一种学生主动参与到课堂教学的学习方式,是个体获得终身教育和终身发展的基础,因此,在数学教育过程中进行兴趣与自主性能力培养的实践研究对提高学生的自主学习能力具有重要的意义。     

大学语文教学中元认知能力与培养探析

元认知是一个社会心理学科的术语，通过对元认知理论和学习策略进行分析，探索其在大学语文学习和思维过程的重要性。在大学语文教学中培养学生元认知策略和能力，对提高学生学习语言效率，对深化大学语文教学改革具有一定的现实意义。     

Perspectives on defining ‘The Learning Society‘

This article, written primarily from the perspective of employment‐related learning, seeks to challenge several common assumptions about the Learning Society: that learning depends on the provision of education and training, that provision is based on sufficient attention to wants and valid assessment of needs; that provision is appropriately distributed between different types of knowledge; that transfer of knowledge is an event rather than a process; that expertise can be represented in terms of propositional knowledge alone; that current job competence is an adequate basis for assessing individual capability or organizational need. An alternative conceptual framework is proposed which takes account of recent research into the complex, multifaceted nature of expertise; reframes the concept of transfer as a learning process which requires dedicated time and effort; treats individual learning for employment in terms of comprising capability, competence and understanding; clarifies the tension between short‐term efficiency and long‐term adaptability in people and organizations; and provides operational definitions for studying learning groups, learning organizations and a learning society.     

Unpacking the hidden efficacies of learning in productive failure

This paper describes a framework for learning where learners undergo experimentations with the phenomena at hand according to progressive and staged goals. Bowling is used as a case study in this paper. The premise for experimentations is that learners can experience hidden efficacies, including the formation of “bad habits.” A distinction is made between productivity in learning and performance in terms of learning outcomes. In other words, productivity in learning may not necessarily manifest in successful performance, hence the term productive failure. To emphasize the need for self-regulation during problem-solving process, we discuss the movements within the productive–unproductive and success–failure dimensions through three-staged self-regulatory processes and draw implications to learning and instruction.     

探析焦虑情感对大学英语教学的负面影响

讨论了大学英语教学中学生出现焦虑情感的因素以及情感对学习英语的负面影响;进而提出教师在语言教学中如何帮助学生克服焦虑情感,建立学习自信心的若干建议,也探讨了“焦虑情感”对大学英语教师的启示。     

Learning and identity in overlapping communities of practice: Surf club, school and sports clubs

Large numbers of children and young people spend their weekends and holidays engaged in the activities of over 300 surf clubs across Australia each summer. Long term membership in these clubs, beginning from as young as five years of age, forms a significant part of children's and young people's development yet surf clubs have yet to receive recognition from researchers in either the education or physical education fields as significant learning sites. Within the context of growing recognition of learning as an ongoing, multidimensional and life-long process this represents an oversight in the literature that this paper sets out to redress. Employing the concepts of communities of practice and situated learning (Lave & Wenger 1991, Wenger 1998) it examines four young people's experiences as members of a Victorian surf club as a community of practice. It also compares the experiences of these young people in the surf club with those arising from membership in their schools and sports clubs.     

关于天津滨海新区海燕公寓外来务工人员学习需求的调查报告

建立天津电大海燕数字化学习中心旨在探索大型工业园区外来务工人员数字化学习模式。在天津滨海新区海燕公寓住宿的外来务工人员,有较大的学习需求和较好的文化基础,基本认同现代远程开放教育的学习模式,有一定的学习时间、支付能力和必备的学习技能,具备参加天津电大海燕数字化学习中心学习的基本条件。中心根据调查结果设计首期资源配置和运营管理方案。     

高中生英语写作焦虑的调查与分析

通过对102名高一学生的调查,对其写作焦虑及英语作文成绩的相关性、影响英语写作成绩的前十项写作焦虑因素、男女生写作成绩与写作焦虑因素之间的差异进行了调查,采用相关分析t、检验和回归分析探讨了它们之间的关系。结果表明,受试在英语写作中体验到较高的写作焦虑,写作焦虑值高的受试作文分数低,男生的焦虑程度远高于女生的写作焦虑值。     

超前尝试教学的实践

教学方法是受教与学相互依存的教学规律制约的，教学的主体是学生，学生的学习进程为教学的主体过程．因此，教学中要把帮助学生建立科学的学习模式，作为构建目标教学及其评价模式的一项重要内容．