Reconstructed visions: The philosophies that shaped part of the Scottish national collections

The shifting location of one institution within a knowledge-space that is itself dynamic is examined through a brief case-study of one of the constituent museums which, in 1985, became a part of the then newly established National Museums of Scotland. Through examination of the declared intentions of successive directors over the 151 year history of the institution successively known as the Industrial Museum of Scotland, the Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art, the Royal Scottish Museum, and the Royal Museum of Scotland, it attempts to reveal changes in that institution's perception of its own role, its corporate vision, and its sense of place within the social, intellectual and political landscape.     

Public memories and private tastes: The shifting definitions of museums and their visitors in the UK

There is no doubt that museums now operate in a distinctly different market to those of the past. Rottenberg [Rottenberg, B. (2002). Museums, information and the public sphere. Museum International, 54(4), 21-28] identifies the two major trends in museums in the latter years of the 20th century as being ‘the prevalence of a new market-orientated ideology that stressed the importance of revenue generation’ and ‘the introduction of new technologies that transfixed not only the museum profession, but also the world’. The main impact, which these and other changes have had is the revision of the museum into a setting for recreational experiences [Foley, M. and McPherson, G. (2000). Museums as leisure. International Journal of Heritage Studies 16(2), 161-174; Stephen, A. (2001). The contemporary museum and leisure: Recreation as a museum function. MuseumManagement and Curatorship 19(3), 297-308], rather than an educative one. This paper attempts to address some of these shifts in ideology and purpose.The main concern that museums face as they become more ‘recreation-focused’ is that they will lose what has long been believed to be their ‘integrity’, and thus stray from their original missions to preserve and educate, with critics suggesting that they may simply become arenas for pleasure rather than education.This paper concludes that in future, it seems inevitable that museums will become ‘hybrid places, combining recreation and learning, allowing visitors diversions from the intense stimuli of strolling through galleries and viewing multitudinous objects’ [Kotler, N. (2004). New ways of experiencing culture: the role of museums and marketing implications. Museum Management and Curatorship, 19(4), 417-425], with entertainment and education working together to fulfil the museum's mission. Museums need not be afraid of using entertainment, but should embrace it as a tool for learning, potentially attracting a wider and more diversified public.     

The Dorothy Howard Collection: revealing the structures of folklore archives in museums

In 2015–16 researchers from the University of Melbourne and Museums Victoria undertook a collaborative project which sought to visualise archival data from the museum as a means to investigate the structure and context of the Dorothy Howard Collection. This article introduces Dorothy Howard’s work, which is part of the internationally significant Australian Children’s Folklore Collection, and looks at the project’s processes and outcomes, including the initial visualisations produced. In doing so, the authors highlight the data-intensive nature of such work, suggest the potential of visualisations to reveal collection structures, and outline possibilities for future projects and collaborations.     

见证历史真相的档案——<德国外交官所见的南京事件>

最近,亚洲各界强烈关注有关日本对战争历史认识的问题时,日本学术界的有识之士编译出版了一本有关南京大屠杀历史真相的档案资料集:<德国外交官所见的南京事件>.     

“The FEMEN body can do everything”: Generating the agentic bodies of social movement through internal and external rhetorics

ABSTRACT

Recent theorizing recognizes the body’s importance in resistant performances characterizing the streets and screens of contemporary activism. In this essay, we examine how the transnational feminist organization FEMEN constructs embodied agencies through material and mediated means. Rather than focusing only on public appearances, we draw from fieldwork with FEMEN, utilizing participatory critical rhetoric to also examine the internal rhetorics shaping protest activities. Analyzing how FEMEN’s training prepares and produces individual, collective, and entangled bodies extends the communicative study of social movements by attending to corporeal molding behind the scenes. FEMEN constructs a gestural routine that enables activists to reexperience their bodies through rhetorics of powerful vulnerability, challenging gendered discourses while increasing rhetorical agency through enacted resistance and embodied solidarities.     

可资借鉴的国外档案网站特色分析

通过整体建设水平、网络档案信息检索系统、在线档案展览、多类型机构共建网站、多语种网站、关注和应用新技术、人性化服务和注重网站细节等八个方面分析了国外若干档案网站所具有的特色。期望分析内容能为我国档案网站的建设和发展提供借鉴经验,开拓建设思路。     

影响科技期刊潜在作者投稿的因素分析及编辑对策

当前科研评价体系的导向加上巨大经济利益的诱惑,产生了中国优秀论文“外流”现象。该文在多角度了解作者投稿“故事”的基础上,分析影响潜在作者投稿的因素：期刊的品牌;审稿的质量和效率;国际显示度与公众影响力;“刊后”服务。认为：我国科技期刊应“苦练内功”,如加强刊物内涵建设和立体化的品牌形象吸引优秀研究成果,借力新的技术和传播手段,实现编辑流程数字化、传播渠道多元化、沟通双向化等作者信赖策略,尽可能争取我国优秀论文的首发权。     

CNKI-DL模型:可获得性论理论预言的一个实证

本文试图论证CNKI-DL模型是可获得性论理论预言的一个实证。     

The shrinking national collection: A study of the effects of the diversion of funds from monographs to serials on the monograph collections of research libraries

A precipitous rise in the price of library materials, especially serials; an increase in worldwide publication output; and a decline in the funding base of research libraries have resulted in a drastic erosion of the purchasing power of research libraries. This erosion of purchasing power has in turn directly resulted in a reduction of the number of nonserial printed materials acquired by academic research libraries in the United States in the latter half of the 1980s. This study is a comparison of the number of nonserial imprints acquired by the 72 Association of Research Libraries members whose bibliographic records for the imprint years 1985 to 1989 are included in the 1991 edition of the OCLC/AMIGOS Collection Analysis CD-ROM database. The results of the study confirm that there was a decline in the holdings of the 72 libraries from 1985 to 1989 by language and subject groupings. This led to a greater concentration on a core of materials by the 72 libraries.     

导师阿尔希那实验室:被遗忘的早期科学中心探索

20世纪初,西班牙发明家阿尔希那在巴塞罗那建造了一座名为“导师”的科学实验演示机构。在其离世后,该机构被命名为“导师阿尔希那”实验室。阿尔希那发展了物理学家约翰·丁达尔关于面向公众进行实验物理演示的理论体系,以寻求青少年科学教育的解决方案,在世界科学中心的发展历程中,进行了一次具有独创性但鲜为人知的早期探索。本文通过对导师阿尔希那实验室建设历程的考据,探索这一科学传播史上被遗忘的片段,并分析其历史地位。     

Environmental conditions for the safeguarding of collections: A background to the current debate on the control of relative humidity and temperature

Conditions of relative humidity (RH) and temperature within museums and buildings holding collections of cultural heritage objects are often maintained around a strictly controlled set point of about 50 ± 5% RH and 20 or 21 ± 2°C to provide safe, stable conditions for hygroscopic artifacts. It has recently been proposed that these ranges should be relaxed to values that are less energy-intensive to maintain while still being safe for the objects in the collection, with the aim of reducing both carbon footprint and energy use. It is also suggested that conditions should be determined by the needs of individual objects and by the local climate of the region, rather than applying overall values across the museum as a whole. This proposal has led to much discussion within the conservation community. The suggested values, a stable humidity within the range 40–60% RH and a stable temperature within the range 16–25°C for most objects, apart from the most vulnerable, are derived from the results of experimental research on the responses of individual materials to particular conditions of RH and temperature, as well as observations of the behaviour of cultural heritage objects in their own environments and on loan. This paper describes briefly the historical and scientific background to the present discussion.     

The life span of a print textbook: An investigation in the utility of aging textbook collections in academic libraries

Abstract

This paper will use circulation data to explore usage trends for physical textbooks in an academic library over a sustained period of time. Conclusions will be drawn from the analysis to determine the usefulness of aging physical textbook collections in academic libraries and inform recommendations for efficient models of lending and management.     

Multivariate approach to classify research institutes according to their outputs: The case of the CSIC's institutes

This paper attempts to build a classification model according to the research products created by those institutes and hence to design specific evaluation processes. Several scientific input/output indicators belonging to 109 research institutes from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) were selected. A multidimensional approach was proposed to resume these indicators in various components. A clustering analysis was used to classify the institutes according to their scores with those components (principal component analysis). Moreover, the validity of the a priori classification was tested and the most discriminant variables were detected (linear discriminant analysis). Results show that there are three types of institutes according to their research outputs: Humanistic, Scientific and Technological. It is argue that these differences oblige to design more precise assessment exercises which focus on the particular results of each type of institute. We conclude that this method permits to build more precise research assessment exercises which consider the varied nature of the scientific activity.     

打造品牌--湖北由"出版大省"向"出版强省"跨越的核心发展战略

改革开放20余年来,我国的经济得到了长足的发展,短缺经济已成过去,品牌经济开始显现.从国际上看,全球经济一体化,为一些知名的国际品牌拓展了广阔的空间,各个跨国公司以品牌为纽带,主导当今国际投资和生产制造业,国际贸易也由过去的"产品出口"转为"品牌出口".     

利用数字资源改稿的策略与战术——以第七版《辞海》修订稿书证核改工作为例

善用数字资源,可以大大提高改稿的效率与质量.在策略上,要先行打好相应的基础,创造良好的条件,秉持合适的观念与原则.在战术上,要一步一步、扎扎实实地推进改稿工作.文章以具有典型意义的第七版《辞海》修订稿的书证核改工作为例,做了比较具体详尽的阐述.