媒体多任务一定会消极影响在线学习吗?——基于不同干扰条件下八年级学生学习数学视频的实验分析

媒体多任务通常被认为是影响在线学习的主要负面因素之一,而这种消极影响可能取决于多任务处理的频率。文章通过即时信息干扰数学视频学习的实验,对54名八年级学生在不同干扰条件下的学习效果进行了比较,结果发现:多任务处理频率是影响在线学习效果的关键条件,媒体多任务经验是影响在线学习效果的重要条件;对于媒体多任务经验丰富者来说,一定范围内的即时消息干扰并不影响学习效果,但当多任务处理超过一定范围时,学习效果将显著降低。基于实验分析结果,文章指出学习者可适当进行媒体多任务训练,以适应在线学习环境;在线学习过程中,教育工作者需注意将多任务处理频率控制在一定的范围内。     

Effects of using a second-screen application on attention,learning, and user experience in an educational content

Using a secondary device while viewing a primary device (i.e. TV), or media multitasking, is now common. Numerous researchers and practitioners have attempted to introduce secondary devices into education as a new learning environment providing additional information to the user. However, the learning-related effects of using a second screen remain controversial. This study examined the effects of second-screen-application use on attention, learning performance, and user experience per content relevance for three primary contents (PC; i.e. videos) requiring different amounts of cognitive load: low, medium, and high. Second-screen use reduced learning performance and user satisfaction when the PC required high cognitive load. However, participants exhibited increased learning performance, concentration, and satisfaction with the PC requiring medium-cognitive-load when highly relevant information was presented on the secondary screen simultaneously. Based on these findings, guidelines were suggested for designing a second-screen application without degrading users’ learning and experience.     

情感因素在高校外语“教”与“学”中的应用

随着整个教育理念的不断更新,情感因素对语言学习的影响也在逐步加强,与之相关的研究也越来越受到专家学者的关注。在前辈学者研究的基础上,旨在探析情感因素对高校外语“教”与“学”产生的一些影响,并为施教者和学习者提供一些方法和建议,从而更好地教学和学习。     

论体验式学习

体验式学习的内涵因应学习的时代要求而变化,但直接经验与反思是其不变特征;从心理学角度看,体验式学习的优势在于它更多地涉及情节记忆、情绪记忆、默会知识、实用智力以及学习过程中的自我决定性;根据学习目标、内容、过程的差异,可把体验式学习分为认知体验式学习、情感体验式学习、行为体验式学习三类;在学校教育情境中运用体验式学习,教师应重点把握经验构筑和学习反思两个核心环节。     

A national evaluation of the impact of the secondary social and emotional aspects of learning (SEAL) programme

In recent years, the English education system has reflected a worldwide interest in social and emotional learning (SEL), as evidenced by the national launch of the secondary social and emotional aspects of learning (SEAL) programme in 2007. SEAL is a whole-school approach designed to positively influence a range of pupil outcomes, including increased social and emotional skills, better behaviour and reduced mental health difficulties. The aim of the current study was to examine the impact of SEAL on such outcomes. The study utilised a quantitative, quasi-experimental design with a sample of 22 schools (approximately 2360 pupils) implementing the SEAL programme, and 19 ‘matched comparison’ schools (approximately 1991 pupils), selected on the basis of similar school-level characteristics. A cohort of pupils in these schools completed annual self-rated assessments of their social and emotional skills (using the Emotional Literacy Assessment and Intervention instrument), mental health difficulties and pro-social behaviour (using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) over a two-year period. After controlling for a range of school- and pupil-level characteristics, analysis using multi-level modelling indicated marginal, non-significant effects of the SEAL programme on pupils’ social and emotional skills and mental health difficulties, and no significant effect on their pro-social behaviour. The study findings are discussed in relation to existing evidence about the effectiveness of the SEAL programme and the broader SEL evidence base.     

中职学校数学教学的现状与对策

目前中职生数学状况堪忧,学生自卑心理严重,导致畏难、消极和厌学情绪;学习目的不明确,学习主动性差,依赖性强;基础知识和基本技能薄弱,理解能力差;不会总结、反馈,导致知识记而不牢,用而不活。要想改变这种状况,教师必须实施情感教学,充分调动学生的非智力因素,采用行之有效的教学方法,还要构筑“爱”的氛围,创设“民主、和谐”的氛围,建构良好的“情境”氛围。     

基于“用中学”原则的小学拼音教学探索与实践

小学拼音教学应充分体现拼音的工具性,课堂活动的设计和开展应遵循"用中学"的教学原则。拼音教学过程中,教师应该结合拼音的实际功能,设计有意义的、符合学生年龄特点的、与实际生活经验挂钩的情景化任务,让学生在体验拼音的实际作用的过程中掌握拼音。实践证明,基于"用中学"原则的任务型教学模式能有效提高拼音教学的效率,增强拼音教学的有效性。     

在线学习系统中情感识别模块的设计与实现

针对目前在线学习中存在的“情感缺失”现象,该文结合建构主义、后现代主义教育理论的思想,提出一种具有情感状态评价和教学流程再造功能的在线学习系统模型.本原型系统利用表情识别和疲劳状态检测等技术设计并实现了情感识别模块,该模块注重教学过程中学习者的情绪情感,较好的实现了情感状态评价功能,增强了在线学习环境中的情感互动,为在线学习系统动态地进行教学流程再造提供了技术支撑.     

Structuring Dialogue with Students via Learning Tasks

We discuss a teaching approach that we believe promotes deep learning and diminishes the powerful voice of the teacher, thereby allowing students and the teacher to reason actively and inquire together in the classroom. This teaching approach is based on an integration of the concepts of dialogue and of mediation and utilizes learning tasks to structure dialogue with students during classroom meetings and outside the classroom, when students work independently. Students' experiences of this approach within the two courses reported on in the article were generally positive.     

从认知的角度谈人类记忆规律在第二语言习得中的作用

从认知的角度探讨“记忆规律”在第二语言习得过程中的重要作用。首先通过认知语言学的研究成果分析“记忆”在第二语言习得过程中的重要作用,即：记忆在人的学习和其他一切活动中都是必不可少的,它将人的心理活动的的过去、现在和未来联成一个整体,使心理发展、知识积累和个性形成得以实现。然后作者根据记忆规律提出一些行之有效的记忆方法以提高学习者的学习兴趣．从而促进记忆．提高外语学习效率．     

非洲学历与非学历留学生在汉语学习中的情感投入对比——以某大学非洲留学生为例

情感投入是语言学习的关键因素之一。非洲学历与非学历留学生在汉语学习中的情感投入存在明显差异：非学历留学生的学习动机、学习态度和自信心三种情感因素弱于学历留学生;学历留学生在学习汉语的乐趣、课堂活跃性和跨文化意识方面都低于非学历留学生,更受焦虑抑制消极情感因素的影响;非学历留学生情感投入中的积极因素所占比例明显大于学历留学生。教师应根据学生情感投入的差别,给予有针对性的教学指导,以提高其汉语学习水平。     

不同自尊对人际信息的注意偏向效应

情绪信息和注意偏向的关系一直是情绪研究和社会认知研究的热点。大量的研究均以情绪障碍患者作为被试群体,忽视了正常群体的研究,对情绪信息也片面地划分为正性与负性刺激,没有考虑到情绪刺激的社会意义。从社会计量器理论出发,从影响注意偏向效应的人格特质——自尊出发,以情绪刺激的人际效力为出发点,在综合国内外研究成果基础上,对不同自尊水平个体在人际拒绝/人际接纳情绪刺激注意偏向上的差异进行梳理和综述,以期深入探明问题实质,并为今后研究提供参考。     

延时折扣范式下大学生课堂媒体多任务现象的行为经济分析

为探讨中国大学生课堂媒体多任务行为背后的冲动性机制,采用由经典延时折扣范式改编的课堂假想情景实验考察了101名大学生的课堂发消息行为。拟合分析结果表明大学生课堂发消息行为本质上是一种在即时少量报酬和延迟丰厚报酬间权衡时做出的冲动性的选择。进一步采用曲线下面积辅助分析发现女生比男生更少进行课堂发消息行为,而且女生在有趣课堂中比在枯燥课堂中更少进行课堂发消息行为。文章提供了对于中国大学生课堂媒体多任务行为的行为经济学分析思路。     

The impact of media multitasking on learning

While multitasking is not a new concept, it has received increasing attention in recent years with the development of new media and technologies. Recent trends appear to suggest that multitasking is on the rise among the younger generation. The purpose of the study is to determine if students obtain more or less information in multitasking conditions. We examined the relationships of multitasking to attention, cognitive load and media with 130 college student participants. In this study, participants were given a timed (16 minutes) reading comprehension test in three conditions: Silence (only reading), Background multitasking (reading with a non-tested video shown simultaneously), and Test multitasking (reading with a tested video shown simultaneously) conditions. Our findings indicated that: (1) participants in the Background condition performed as well as those in the Silence condition, and (2) when participants were tested on their video comprehension, the group in the Test condition performed significantly better than the group in the Background condition. The results of this study suggest that cognitive load plays an important role in determining how much information is retained when students perform more than one task at a time.     

提高独立学院学生日语听力课后自主学习能力的思考

听力在语言运用能力中是至关重要的一个环节,如何提高独立学院学生课后自主学习能力已成为听力课程教学模式改革与创新的重要课题。基于此,通过分析听力课后自主学习的材料、任务及评估手段来探索提高学生课后自主学习能力的方法,以期全面提高独立学院的听力教学水平,实现日语教学的目标。