外来物种入侵的预警与立法管理

文章从我国外来物种入侵和管理现状的实际情况出发,借鉴世界其它国家对生物入侵预警与管理的经验,提出我国应加强外来物种管理与入侵物种防治方面的立法,成立国家外来入侵物种鉴定与预警信息服务中心和国家外来入侵物种应急控制联合办公室,组织专家指导委员会,并加强培养抵御外来物种入侵的公众意识等建议。     

防范外来物种入侵的立法构想

外来物种入侵问题已经在当今国际社会受到越来越多的关注。由于外来入侵物种种类繁多、生物特性复杂,如何通过法律手段加以防治,保卫我国的生态安全,成为摆在人们面前的一道难题。我国现行防治外来入侵物种的立法现状难以抵御外来物种入侵带来的种种风险。鉴于外来入侵物种对生态环境、人类健康、社会和经济发展的重要影响,我国亟需制定一套完整的防范外来物种入侵的法律体系。     

规制外来物种入侵我国立法现状与相关对策分析

本文主要探讨在目前国内外外来物种入侵危害日益严重的情况下,我国应如何针对外来物种入侵本身的特点,总结我国目前有关防治外来物种入侵立法和管理体制的基本情况,着重探讨其中的不足和盲点,以提出一些切实可行的应对外来物种入侵的对策。     

对外来植物入侵的研究及思考

我国外来植物入侵现象目前是比较严重的,已经制约了经济和社会的发展,而且外来植物入侵也影响到了生态系统,这就需要加大力度控制外来物种入侵,同时充分利用外来物种的潜在价值,长远价值。系统的观察外来植物物种的特性和影响因素,科学引进外来植物,调查研究引进物种的行为特性,加强其安全性。     

关于加强我国外来有害物种入侵的管理与控制之思考

随着经济全球化的不断发展,国际政治交往与社会经济活动也日益频繁,国家与国家之间、地区与地区之间的物质、能量和物种等的交流范围与数量也与日俱增,这些活动也不可避免地或无意地引入或输出了大量物种,结果造成了许多外来物种入侵问题.生物入侵已成为当今的一个重要全球性问题.外来有害物种入侵可对当地的生物多样性和生态环境造成严重危害,进而对经济社会发展造成较大的负面影响.因此,需要建立和完善外来物种管理法律与法规体系,建立外来物种的科学引入机制和风险评价体系,加强生物入侵宣传,发动公众参与,加强外来入侵物种生态控制的研究和严格管理,以达到充分利用外来物种的价值,最大限度地减轻外来入侵物种的危害.     

对江苏省防治外来物种入侵的思考

阐述了外来物种入侵的三种危害：生态危害;健康危害;经济危害,针对江苏外来物种入侵的当前状况,提出了通过加强已入侵生物的治理和控制,防止其进一步蔓延扩散,加强对外来生物入侵的预防的防治对策。     

“外来物种的入侵生态学效应及管理技术研究”取得重要进展

人们出于经济、美化环境和心理等各种原因,大量引入外来物种;尤其在国际贸易和人们交往日益频繁的今天,由于意外而引入的外来入侵物种数量更大,这些外来物种     

专家提醒：警惕外来入侵物种

国家环保总局有关负责人警告:外来入侵物种正成为威胁我国生物多样性与生态环境的重要因素之一。有关资料显示,美国、印度、南非3国每年因外来入侵物种造成的经济损失分别为1500多亿美元、130O多亿美元和800多亿美元,而我国每年也为此损失数百亿元人民币。外来入侵物种是指从自然分布区通过有意或无意的人类活动而被     

华东师大成功研发治理互花米草新技术

要想把外来入侵物种互花米草斩草除根是个难题。华东师范大学近期宣布,张利权教授课题组经过多年研究,已成功研发了治理外来入侵物种互花米草的新技术——“刈割和水位控制方法”综合物理控制技术,而且效果非常好。     

物种入侵问题的理性分析和价值考量

外来物种入侵是当下最严重的生态和经济威胁之一,在积极预防和治理同时,还应对物种入侵问题进行深入的理性分析,探求人类活动与物种入侵事件之间的内在关系,并且从价值维度重新考量人和自然的关系,以期为有效应对物种入侵事件寻找到新思路.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.