现代渔业创新发展亟待链条设计与原创驱动

现代渔业是对传统渔业在国民经济发展中作用的重新定位,与农、林、牧业共同构成陆海统筹的国家粮食安全保障体系,发展现代渔业对实现新空间和新资源拓展,确保国家粮食安全的实施具有重大意义。文章从近海环境、渔业资源以及捕捞、养殖、加工等方面分析了我国渔业发展现状,阐述了通过贯穿产业链、问题链、创新链、任务链和价值链的全链条设计,实现现代渔业转型升级、创新兴业的发展理念;从重大科学问题、重大技术瓶颈和四大创新工程等方面,阐释了通过原创驱动实现现代渔业跨越发展的途径;提出了现代渔业的发展思路和发展建议,以期为我国现代渔业科技创新与产业发展提供参考。     

信息生态视域下医学图书馆智慧服务模式构建

【目的/意义】长射程的全球疫情和“健康中国2030”背景下，医学图书馆服务面临严峻挑战。医学图书馆作为医疗单位重要知识储备机构，迫切需要顺应图书馆升级和技术发展潮流，建设医学图书馆智慧服务模式将是大势所趋。【方法/过程】文章以智慧服务的概念、信息生态理论为基础，从国家政策、同行竞争、技术变革和自身发展四个方面来探讨医学图书馆智慧服务模式建设的必要性。运用信息生态理论，构建了医学智慧资源、智慧人员、智慧技术、智慧环境四生态因子的医学图书馆智慧服务模式。【结果/结论】该研究将有助于为健康中国建设中的医学科技创新、提升医学图书馆核心竞争力等方面提供坚实的医学信息服务支撑。【创新/局限】技术的复杂度、成熟度以及医学图书馆应用的安全性问题是研究难点。     

中国现代化进程中的文化-经济一体化及其管理创新的思考

在现代化的进程中,文化、经济有一体化整合的趋势。必须根据中国具体国情和文化—经济一体化发展的规律,选择和确立社会主义市场经济条件下的文化—经济一体化模式及其运作方式,构建文化—经济一体化发展的整体战略,推动文化—经济一体化运作实践,加强文化—经济一体化建设,从体制、环境等方面实现全面管理创新,建立适应文化—经济生态整合的管理体制和管理制度,造就高素质的现代管理者,确定文化与经济协调发展的管理目标,营造适合文化与经济协调发展的管理环境,这是中国现代化进程中的管理创新的必由之路。     

我国林业信息化由“数字林业”步入“智慧林业”

记者24日从国家林业局获悉,该局日前印发了《中国智慧林业发展指导意见》,这标志着我国林业信息化由"数字林业"步入"智慧林业"发展新阶段。据介绍,"智慧林业"将在"数字林业"的基础上,全面应用云计算、物联网、移动互联、大数据等新一代信息技术,使林业实现智慧感知、智慧管理、智慧服务;通过"智慧林业"建设,形成信息基础条件国际领先、生态管理与民生服务质量明显提高、林业产业结构与创新能力优化发展的模式,重塑林业系统管理机制,实现现代林业发展目标。     

基于生态系统的东海渔业管理研究

基于生态系统的渔业管理是目前全球渔业管理的新理念,其要求从海洋生态系统整体出发制定渔业管理决策,并运用多学科知识,加强各部门合作,实现资源开发与生态保护相协调.目前东海渔业管理面临着内外双重压力.对内,渔业资源因过度捕捞和海洋污染不断衰退;对外,中日、中韩渔业协定生效后,近海捕捞作业压力因大量渔船回归而进一步加大.因而,探索基于生态系统的管理对于解决东海渔业问题应该是一种有益尝试.实现基于生态系统的东海渔业管理首先在立法上应修订现有渔业法规,增加有关生态系统管理的规定.其次在实践中应采取多部门协作、促进利益相关者参与管理、建立海洋保护区和生态监控区、加强与日韩合作等措施,切实推进基于生态系统的渔业管理在东海实施.     

新形势下渔业生态学课程教学模式改革初探

随着社会的不断发展,人们越来越关注周围的生态环境问题,生态意识理念得到了提高。生态学理念关系到人类社会的政治、经济、文化、卫生等诸多方面,近年来受到了人们的普遍重视,其中通过高校对渔业生态学这门课程进行探讨,可以从一方面了解到现阶段我国生态学的研究现状。渔业生态学是一门以水生生物资源为主体,研究人类渔业活动及与之相互联系的生态学分支学科。开设和学习这门课程的最终目的是促进人类对渔业资源的合理利用、保护、增养殖和管理。结合渔业生态学课程设置的基本特点以及课程教学实践,本文针对课程教学目前存在的问题,围绕教学内容和教学方法等方面提出一些改革措施,为国内水产渔业院校相关课程教学改革提供理论参考。     

工业4.0环境下的人因与工效学

工业4.0的提出,云平台、大数据、物联网等技术的发展与应用,对各个学科和领域的研究与应用均产生重大影响。对人因与工效学学科而言,环境的智慧化,将从根本上改变人的交互方式与交互行为,建构该领域新的研究基础,提出新的研究课题。从智慧环境、智慧设备和智慧工件的定义与讨论出发,提出智慧人因与工效学的架构,并展望了工业4.0环境下的智慧化人机交互、智慧工作空间与环境、工作与任务、以及智慧组织与管理等应用情景。     

渔业保险在现代渔业建设中的重要作用

随着经济的发展,社会的进步,我国对建设现代渔业的认识也在深化。新中国成立后,我国从传统渔业向现代化渔业发展的步伐与日俱进。关于现代渔业的标志,比较有共识的是：以科学发展观为指导,以保护渔业资源和生态环境为前提,以现代科学技术、管理方法、金融保险技术和装备为支持,以提高产业质量、效益和从业者素质为目标,建立资源节约、环境友好和渔业经济可持续发展的长效机制。渔业经济的发展在我国现代化建设的市场中发挥着越来越重大的作用。     

企业环境管理实践对员工亲环境行为影响的情感路径研究

基于情感动力理论,构建企业环境管理实践对员工亲环境行为影响的概念模型,探讨动机归因的调节作用。通过问卷调查,收集420份有效问卷,采用结构方程模型和多层线性回归等方法对模型进行检验。结果表明:企业环境管理实践正向影响员工亲环境行为;生态情感和情感承诺在企业环境管理实践对员工亲环境行为的影响中起中介作用;利他动机归因正向调节生态情感和情感承诺在企业环境管理实践对员工亲环境行为影响中的中介作用,利己动机归因对生态情感和情感承诺在企业环境管理实践到员工亲环境行为的中介作用的负向调节作用不显著。     

儒家、法家与道家管理智慧的比较

<正>先秦时期,社会处于由奴隶社会转向封建社会的大变革、大动荡时期,儒家、法家、道家等流派在如何治国理政方面纷纷著书立说,相互论战,出现了思想文化上“百家争鸣”的局面。诸子百家从治国理政的角度出发回答了“什么是管理,怎样管理”的问题。其中,儒家思想中蕴含着“修己安人”的内省自律管理智慧、“过犹不及”的中庸管理智慧。法家思想中蕴含着“以势为尊”的权威管理智慧、“抱法处势”的管理领导智慧。道家思想中蕴含着“顺势而为”的超脱管理智慧、“不越樽俎”的自我定位智慧、“知盈处虚”的辩证领导智慧。回顾历史,     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.