博洛尼亚进程：性质及运作机制

博洛尼亚进程是欧洲国家教育部长基于“辅助性原则”自愿签订的无约束力的政府间教育合作计划。这一性质为开放式协调法的运用提供了契机,开放式协调法具有灵活性、开放性、程序性和非限制性等特点,它使博洛尼亚进程在欧洲复杂多元的高等教育逐步走向和谐统一。     

The Bologna Process: 15 Years Later

The article analyzes the basic documents adopted by the ministers of education of the country participants in the Bologna Process at their latest meeting in Yerevan, Armenia. It identifies the problems and challenges facing national education systems during the present stage of development, and explores the priorities and obligations of these countries to promote cooperation and integration in the framework of a common educational space. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of statistical data and national reports on the implementation of the main objectives established by European agreements during the current decade. A key factor in ensuring mutual trust and creating a common space for higher education is establishing a multitiered quality assurance system at the institutional, national, and European levels. The author argues for the need to review and approve the new Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (ESG).     

推进欧洲高等教育一体化的博洛尼亚进程

迄今为止，博洛尼亚进程划分为四个阶段，其标志分别为1998年欧洲四国签订索邦宣言、1999年29国签订博洛尼亚宣言以及此后召开的布拉格会议和柏林会议。越来越多的欧洲国家加入该进程，共同致力于实现到2010年建立欧洲高等教育区的目标，从而大大推进了欧洲高等教育一体化的进程。     

博洛尼亚进程中高等教育质量保证一体化探究

20世纪90年代,劳动力的流动性促使欧盟成员国意识到共同资格认证的重要性,不断增加的欧洲各国高等教育之间的协作要求学校和系统都需要更大的透明度和理解力。《柏林公报》、《卑尔根公报》以及欧洲大学协会所颁布的五个趋势报告对欧洲高等教育质量保证一体化问题作了系统和详尽的解释。另外,欧洲高等教育质量保证协会（ENQA）颁布的《欧洲高等教育质量保证标准及指导方针》以及其他形式的报告也对欧洲高等教育质量保证的现状和趋势做出了详尽的论述。质量保证是实现欧洲高等教育空间的重中之重,虽然困难重重,但也充满希望。     

The Bologna Process in Italy

Italy was among the promoters of the Bologna Process and the early adopters of the reform. If one looks at its impact on the formal structure of curricula and study programmes, the reform undertaken under the Bologna banner seems to have been one of the major educational reforms ever achieved in Italy. This article describes how the Bologna Process has unfolded in Italy, looking at the reasons why a reform that for long eluded Italian policymakers and higher education managers finally succeeded. The theme is approached from the point of view of the contemporary theories of institutional change, looking at the actors and interactions that made this reform possible despite strong opposition. In fact, it was a series of contingent events that weakened the balance of powers governing Italian HE, thus making institutional change possible.     

欧洲高等教育一体化改革:博洛尼亚进程的结构与过程分析

为应对全球竞争的挑战,顺应欧洲一体化的大趋势,29个欧洲国家于20世纪末启动了旨在整合欧洲高等教育体系的博洛尼亚进程。博洛尼亚进程以可比较、兼容、透明原则构建高等教育系统框架,以达成多样性与一致性的统一;注重整体设计,系统推进;在政策的制定上注重利益相关者的参与,为其顺利推进赢得了广泛的社会支持。博洛尼亚进程的设计、组织与管理,对我国实施系统的高等教育改革具有重要的启示和借鉴意义。     

博洛尼亚进程:历程、进展与未来

到2007年,推动欧洲高等教育一体化建设的博洛尼亚进程已实施八年。针对2010年建成"欧洲高等教育区"的目标,对过去两年博洛尼亚进展中的成绩和问题进行了分项目的分析,指出了欧洲高等教育未来发展需要努力的十二个方面。     

博洛尼亚进程:中国视角

一、《博洛尼亚宣言》的核心内容1996年6月,欧洲29国教育部长签署的《博洛尼亚宣言》的核心内容是:(1)在欧洲各国之间实行清晰的、透明的、可比较的学位制度,使各国授予的学位和学历有等值性和对比性。(2)实行高等教育的两级制:学士和硕士。学士学制3-4年,硕士1-2年,承认学士在欧洲劳动力市场上作为完整的高等教育。(3)实行统一的学分制。(4)鼓励学生、教师、教育管理人员和研究人员的自由流动,并为他们的流动创造条件。(5)加强在质量监督领域的欧洲合作,以便制定出可比较的标准和方法。这些做法的目的是在2010年以前建立起欧洲统一的高等教…     

博洛尼亚进程下欧洲高等音乐教育的一体化发展

在博洛尼亚进程的影响下,欧洲高等音乐教育也开始了其一体化的进程,其一体化的举措主要包含引入欧洲高等音乐教育学位与学分体系、建构高等音乐教育内部和外部质量保障制度、明确高等音乐教育的学习结果、衔接高等音乐教育专业就读标准等。经过十余年的发展,欧洲高等音乐教育一体化也取得了一定的成效,如贯彻了博洛尼亚进程的理念、建构了欧洲高等音乐教育一体化的框架、强化了欧洲区域高等音乐教育的合作纽带及关注了欧洲高等音乐教育的国际维度等。     

博洛尼亚进程的最新进展与未来走向

从1999年29国教育部长共同签署《博洛尼亚宣言》到2009年鲁汶会议召开,博洛尼亚进程已经走过了10年的发展历程。虽然博洛尼亚进程国家在建设欧洲高等教育区取得了很大进展,但欧洲高等教育一体化的道路还很长。鲁汶会议发表的《鲁汶公报》和《2009年博洛尼亚进程评估报告》总结了博洛尼亚进程10年来取得的进展和存在的问题,提出了新的要求和行动计划,指出了欧洲高等教育发展的未来走向。     

The implementation of the Bologna Process

This study identifies the responsibilities of the bodies and institutions involved in the implementation of the Bologna Process. They include the levels of Europe, nations, higher education institutions, departments, degree programmes, teachers and students. The future planning is analysed using the Balanced Scorecard approach designed for the communication and implementation of the strategy. The approach is used to analyse the objectives of European education policy from the different perspectives. Strategic planning and quality assurance are most efficient when they are transformed into action at the closest possible point to teaching and learning.     

The Bologna Process: perspectives and implications for the Russian university

This article draws on the discourses of educational policy in Europe to focus on the implications of the Bologna Process for higher education in Russia. The Bologna Process, as a multi-dimensional discourse involving a variety of social actors, reflects some of the complexities and contradictions of globalisation, in many local cases evoking responses and leading to outcomes which were neither planned nor predicted by the official educational policy planners. The role of international organisations in the reform of Russian higher education is considered and the barriers, limitations and possible consequences of Bologna for the Russian situation are explored.     

The Bologna Process and Lifelong Education: Problem‐Based Learning

This article describes the application of Problem‐Based Learning (PBL) methodology in the context of a student congress, arguing that such new approaches to learning are best‐suited to the goals of the Bologna Process. The Congress in question enabled Spanish graduate students in Psychology, many of them mid‐career professionals, to increase their learning motivation, delve deeper into the learning experience, and further apply their learning and research. By taking an interdisciplinary approach, all the teachers concerned were able to coordinate their involvement. Feedback received from students and professors confirms that the Congress promoted new strategies and skills including self‐directed learning.     

The Social Dimension of the Bologna Process

The Bologna Follow Up Seminar, which took place in Athens in February 2003, continued discussions that had emerged from the Prague Communique´ of May 2001 to the effect that higher education is a public good. This article focuses on the public good aspect of higher education and calls for broadened access and no tuition fees, for the social role of higher education should be viewed as a value in itself.     

俄罗斯的博洛尼亚进程:困境及走势

俄罗斯加入博洛尼亚进程既是提升其国家竞争力的需要,也是其参与世界教育服务市场竞争的需要。但是,目前它面临着对"博洛尼亚化"的倡导与反对并存、被认为是一场"没有激情的运动"等困境。尽管如此,俄罗斯的博洛尼亚进程仍有"软着陆"的趋势。     

The Impact of the Bologna Process in Ibero-America: prospects and challenges

The Bologna Process is one of the major developments to have taken place in higher education in recent centuries. It has had an impact beyond European borders and repercussions in other parts of the world. Ibero-America has also sat up and taken note, even though scholars agree that there would be difficulties with its direct implementation in the region. Specialised opinions like these might suggest the initiative could not be implemented elsewhere. There can be no doubt, however, about the influence of the Bologna Process. On the one hand, the European Union has promoted and sponsored projects which involve transferring specific instruments (like Tuning) to the Ibero-American region. On the other, Latin America faces integration and globalisation challenges that are similar to Europe's and these, in turn, call for the development of approaches and instruments that will facilitate academic mobility and increase the transparency of degrees and qualifications. The recent impetus injected by the Ibero-American Summits into the Ibero-American Knowledge Space also seeks to help build common ground in higher education, scientific research and technological development.     

基于政策网络视角的博洛尼亚进程研究

博洛尼亚进程政策过程反映出政策网络结构的封闭性问题。博洛尼亚进程成员国是政策制定和执行主体,是政策社群。高校、教师、学生、雇主等参与主体是议题网络。政策网络内多元的利益主体以及复杂的利益关系阻碍了博洛尼亚进程的整体性协调发展。如何打破封闭的博洛尼亚进程政策网络,促进博洛尼亚进程成员国之间的合作与协商成为政策网络的治理目标所在。     

“博洛尼亚进程”的背景、历程及发展趋势

"博洛尼亚进程"是在欧洲政治经济的一体化、世界高等教育国际化和欧洲跨文化学习和研究的背景中产生的,也是20世纪60年代以来最重要、涉及面最广的高等教育改革,是欧洲高等教育一体化的进程。其前期准备、初步探索、正式启动三个阶段以及布拉格会议、柏林会议、卑尔根会议以及"伦敦公报"等历程显示,"博洛尼亚进程"的发展趋势是进一步完善三级学位制度、加强高等教育质量保障、促进学历学位相互承认,力争在2010年建立欧洲高等教育区,实现欧洲高等教育的国际化。