Women Working in Higher Education: A Review of the Position of Women in Higher Education and Policy Developments

This review is concerned with the position of women in higher education, and particularly that of women staff at all levels. A set of statistics is presented to illustrate the UK scene. Similar infmnation is given for some other countries. There is an emphasis on comparison with Australia because the situation there is changing. The position of women academics is clearly revealed – there are not many, they have more difficulty than men in obtaining tenured positions and much more difficulty in obtaining promotion. Some of the causes and consequences of this situation are discussed.
The development of policy needed to bring about change is examined with emphasis on the institutional attitudinal climate.     

Literacy usage in impoverished African settings: Post-Education for All (EFA) research needs

International Review of Education - The demand for literacy in sub-Saharan Africa – as throughout most regions of the world – is directly linked to the uses to which those skills can be...     

Equality in Higher Education in Spain and the UK: Mismatch between Rhetoric and Policy?

Making use of Grisay's typology of educational equality, the paper analyses rhetoric and policy on equality in higher education (HE) in Spain and the UK in the period 1996–2004, using electoral manifestos, policy papers, legislation and academic literature. We find that in both countries, and in spite of similar pressures and levels of access to HE, the prevailing notions of educational equality vary. We also find evidence of a good match between policy rhetoric and policy practice in terms of areas of intervention, but not in the strength of these interventions.     

Disability and the Rhetoric of Inclusive Higher Education

The social model of disability states that many persons have many impairments, but that it is only by the ableist society in which they live that they are disabled. In considering just how inclusive Higher Education is for said persons, this short paper proposes a long‐overdue modernization of the ableist way in which undergraduates are taught. As a traditional gold standard university subject, direct reference is made to the study of English, but the conclusion will be pertinent to other disciplines. Similarly, though the paper cites the case of persons with impaired vision, the findings will be relevant to deaf people and to persons who are disabled in general.     

Education for All: Policy Lessons from High-Achieving Countries

This paper draws upon case studies of countries which universalised primary education early in their development process and rapidly increased secondary enrolments thereafter. It examines the common elements of social, and specifically, education policy among these high achievers, and also evaluates the policy lessons for other developing countries from the experience of these countries. The supply and demand-side factors which help in explaining this success are compared with the situation prevailing in the rest of the developing world.     

高校扩招与教育公正:巴西"全民大学"改革述评

为实现由精英高等教育向大众化高等教育的转型,巴西近年大力推进高校招生改革,扩大招生名额。由于最初的扩张主要是私立高校迅速增加,收费昂贵,因此受益的主要是富有家庭的孩子。教育的不公正现象日益突出。为解决高校扩招与教育公正之间的矛盾,巴西政府于2004年推出了一项新的政策,即“全民大学”计划。该计划一方面要求扩招以公立大学为主,另一方面不断增加非盈利私立大学的数量,并大力增强远程高等教育。     

美国高等教育与女性学研究

美国女性高等教育始于18世纪下半叶,经过200多年的努力,美国女性的高等教育在本科,硕士和博士教育水平上都取得了令人瞩目的成就,但美国女性高等教育的发展并没有解决她们在社会参与中受歧视的问题,尤其表现在参政议政和高收入领域,女性明显处于弱势。女性学研究的兴起向人们揭示在社会化过程中,女性与男性成长的经历是不同的,女性的道德观,认知观和对生活的价值取向都与男性有差别。所以,传统的以强调“理性”为基础建立起来的高等教育模式和以“竞争”为基础建立起来的就业市场机制对女性的发展是不利的。     

Women and Higher Education in the Netherlands

This is a summary, written for CEPES, of the background paper prepared for the study conference "Women and Higher Education" organized by the Study Centre OTO, October 29-30, 1980 in Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands.     

女子高等教育——文化变迁的寒暑表中国女子高等教育的过去、现在和未来

女子高等教育的变迁与社会的化现代化过程和现代化程序密切相关。首先以西方女学的传入为视点,梳理出中国女子高等教育的控化历程：西方女学传入的肇端与中国近代女子高等教育的孕育、兴起,男女同校教育的传入与中国近代女子高等教育的发展等。通过对大量数据的收集,从比较的视解对中国子女高等教育的现况和问题进行了总体把握和具体分析,并展望了中国女子高等教育的未来,指出了所面临的挑战和机遇。     

残疾人远程高等教育政策分析

在我国,各级政府、各级残疾人联合会和开放大学等不同层级、不同主体都制定了关于残疾人教育的相应政策,这些政策对于国家开放大学残疾人远程高等教育的开展起到了良好的引导和促进作用。运用归纳和实证的方法对这些政策内容和执行效果进行类比和分析,表明系统的、操作性强的政策对残疾人远程高等教育的开展产生了较好的效果。     

以特制胜:大众化高等教育的发展战略

走特色化的发展道路,既是各国高等教育普遍采取的发展战略,是当今世界高等教育发展的大势,也是我国高等教育改革与发展的历史性选择,是建设中国特色的社会主义高等教育体系的战略性选择。面对国内外高等教育发展日趋激烈的竞争态势,各高校应以科学的发展观为指导,采取特色化的发展战略,确立特色化的发展目标,落实特色化的发展措施,厚植实力,为所当为,以特色立校、特色兴校、特色强校,从而实现学校自主型、创新式、个性化的发展。     

和谐校园与女性高等教育公平

女性高等教育是高等教育的重要组成部分,实现女性高等教育公平事关高等教育和社会整体的发展。建设社会主义和谐校园,努力促进女性高等教育健康、持续、快速发展,在经济社会发展中发挥更大的作用,是女子高校改革发展的重要任务。因此,要以自主创新为动力,不断增强女性高等教育发展活力,建设特色鲜明、和谐文明的校园,促进女子高等教育的公平发展。     

高等学校的科技政策

本针对当前我国高等教育的科技发展还存在一定的政策缺陷，提出高等教育的科技重点，应该是围绕“小科学”展开，重点促进“小科学”的发展，要做到这一点，就应当进一步调整和完善高等教育的管理制度和科技政策，包括对高等学校进行分层管理，为高等党校科研工作建立多种基金制度，探索使广大教师醉心于学术工作的现代大学制度，改革博士培养制度等。     

Perceiving the Problem of Poverty and Schooling: Deconstructing the Class Stereotypes that Mis-Shape Education Practice and Policy

A rich history of scholarship has demonstrated the ways in which popular stereotypes of disenfranchised communities, including people living in poverty, affect individual biases and preconceptions. Less attention has been paid to the ways in which such stereotypes help frame policy and practice responses regarding social problems, such as the economic “achievement gap.” The purpose of this essay is to examine the nature of poverty-based stereotyping in the context of popular discourses regarding the education of poor and low-income students. In doing so, I analyze stereotypes commonly used to locate the problem of the economic “achievement gap” as existing within, rather than as pressing upon, poor and low-income families. I then discuss how these stereotypes have fed deficit ideology and, as a result, misdirected policy and practice responses to gross class inequities in U.S. schools.     

菲律宾女子高等教育

从介绍菲律宾女子高等教育发展历史脉络的角度,参照有关数据,归纳出菲律宾女子大学的就学途径、学科和层次分布特点。从社会文化传统、经济发展和教育层次三个角度对菲律宾女子高等教育的影响因素进行探析,从中提出对我国女子高等教育的启示。     

教育公平:发展中国家高等教育大众化进程中的严峻挑战——国际比较的视角

高等教育大众化是当今任何发展中国家在日益激烈的国际竞争中提升国家竞争力,取得主动的必要条件。文章分析比较了发达国家在推行教育民主化历程中的经验教训,提出,发展中国家应放开政策,鼓励民办高等教育,同时发展开放式的远程教育,藉此两翼实现高等教育大众化的起飞。     

披荆斩棘历艰险奋发图强创宏业

迄今 ,湖北农学院已办学 2 3年了。湖农办学的 2 3年 ,是披荆斩棘的 2 3年 ,是湖农人风雨同舟、不屈不挠、奋发图强、艰苦创业的 2 3年。 2 3年来 ,湖农走过了 70年代末在穷乡僻壤的七里湖白手起家的创业时期 ,80年代迁校至荆州筹建湖农时期 ,90年代前期建设与评价合格本科院校时期 ,90年代后半期至今发展壮大提高时期。艰难的环境与曲折的办学经历 ,培养了湖农人艰苦的光荣传统与坚毅不拔、顽强拼搏的斗志。在艰苦的办学历程中 ,他们克服了一个又一个困难 ,攻克了一个又一个堡垒 ,从而把在 90年代中还是一个小规模、条件较差的农业院校建设…     

英国高等教育投资趋势:高等教育政策和大学战略变革

文章介绍了英国高等教育财政拨款多元化和政府影响力不断削弱的变革趋势,继而从理论和实践两个层面探索了这一变革的原因.从实践层面看,全球竞争的压力和高等教育规模的扩大使高等教育财政面临挑战和困境;从理论层面看,根据三角螺旋模型,在满足更广泛的经济和社会需求的背景下,对高等教育的目的和价值应有新的理解.文章接下来从国际比较的观点阐述了2008年金融危机对英国高等教育投资的影响,在此基础上讨论了英国政府和大学的对策及未来的战略重点策略.