社会转型期大学生就业环境分析及促进就业的对策思考

我国正处于社会结构转型和经济体制转轨时期,转型期的社会环境对大学生就业产生很大的影响。文章重点对影响当前大学生就业的观念环境、经济环境、体制环境进行了较深入的分析,在此基础上提出了促进大学生就业的具体对策。     

The transition from a university college to a university: a United Kingdom study

Tertiary Education and Management - As a result of policy changes, nearly all university colleges in the UK have been redesignated as universities. This transition was studied in one such...     

构建社会主义和谐社会视野下的大学生思想政治教育

大学生思想政治教育是思想政治教育工作的重要组织部分,是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分。和谐社会视野下,大学生思想政治教育要建立和谐的工作体系,要以人为本,坚持教育主体性原则;加强校园文化建设;要增强时代感,做到与时俱进;加强思想政治教育的理论指导;加强思想政治教育的网络建设和队伍建设;增强思想政治教育的功能建设。     

Science and its professionals: Views of Australian scientists on science education

Conclusions This study raises a great number of questions, many of which would be valuable for science curricula to reflect upon. Firstly, it would seem that the practising professionals do not believe methodology is easily taught, at least not without a strong factual knowledge base. Secondly, science courses have had little effect on carrer choice, with the possible slight exception of physical scientists working in the public sector. Thirdly, scientists would give strong support to the idea of teaching students to use ‘scientific attitudes’ in their everyday life. And fourthly, the social implications of science are felt to be deserving of close attention in schools-but perhaps not within the science classroom. What clearly remains to be done is the difficult and time-consuming work to follow up these hints. What do the scientists see asthe scientific attitudes? What facts, etc., should form the basis of the science curricula? How should the social implications of science be discussed, and what responses are appropriate to them? To answer these questions will take a national study of great scope and effort, yet it would seem to be an essential part of the process of determinng science education programmes of purpose and value.     

Communication apprehension,social preference,and social behavior in a college environment

An investigation of high and low communication apprehensives in a college environment indicated that high communication apprehensives interact less with peer strangers, are less likely to accept a blind date, have fewer dates, are more likely to engage in exclusive dating, have close relationships with fewer faculty, are less satisfied with a university's advising system, and are less satisfied with the college environment. These results are examined within the context of the Berger‐Calabrese developmental theory of interpersonal communication and an extension of that theory is tentatively advanced.     

西方民族-国家、大学和社会科学

本文认为,西方民族－国家与社会科学之间是一种共生共缘的关系。民族－国家是大学兴起的动力因素,大学是民族－国家建设的手段,大学是在现代民族－国家中取得合法化地位的;大学自身存在一个民族化过程,大学进行着社会科学的民族化研究。作者认为,大学在社会科学制度化形成中起着重要的作用。大学是对社会科学结构产生影响的因素,各社会科学在大学中得到建立,大学在当代社会科学的重建中发挥了重要作用。     

从学院翻译到商业翻译的译者角色转换

基于翻译目的、文本偏向、指导理论、影响因素等的不同,学院翻译与商业翻译中的译者角色也有所不同。在学院翻译中译者主要承担翻译活动的绝对主体、文本的纯转述者和文字校对员三种角色,而在商业翻译中译者则转换为发起人／委托人的遵从者、基于受众的创造者和文本内外的协调员。译者如果能尽快了解商业翻译并及早适应这些角色转换,就有助于其成为优秀的专职商业译者。     

加强高校精神文明建设 营造高校育人环境

高校精神文明是社会主义精神文明建设的重要组成部分。加强高校精神文明建设是推进全社会精神文明建设的一个重要方面。在创建过程中坚持以人为本的原则，不断提高师生的思想道德素质，提升校园文化层次，为培养合格的社会主义建设人才营造良好的环境。     

强化素质提高高校毕业生的社会适应能力

在知识经济已经来到的21世纪,社会需要高素质的创造型人才,我国的高等教育在人才培养上如何适应这一要求,是摆在每所高校面前的重要任务.本文在分析高校毕业生的社会适应性及高校学生的知识与能力后指出,采取措施,努力提高高校毕业生的智力与能力水平以适应知识经济时代的需要.     

How to measure university environment? Methodological implications and some empirical findings

Referring to and in critical appreciation of the traditional college environment research in the USA theoretical premises and methodological problems of measurement are discussed. The own approach, established within the framework of a German panel-study includes mainly three components of university environment's measurement, which are to presented in this contribution: the criteria of how to choose relevant dimensions out of the universe of indicators, the multi-level conception of university environment, and the association of individual's perception and evaluation. The longitudinal empirical findings which are to be shown then are selected examples for demonstrating the fruitfulness of our proposal. They examine how students perceive various levels of their environment, and how they evaluate it. Both aspects as well as the configuration of perception and evaluation give hints on the importance of measuring university environment in the manner proposed and also on its relevance for the investigation of students' socialisation.The article is translated from the German by Peter Williams, University of Constance.     

The impact of blatant pay disclosure in a university environment

Using a self-report survey, this investigation described university employees' reactions to the publication of their salaries in a local campus newspaper. Correlational analyses indicated associations between impact of the disclosure and salary level, salary equity/satisfaction, instrumentality of performance-reward outcomes, internal salary attributions, and salary discussion. Further analysis found differences in respondent perceptions to be contingent upon job category (academic, professional, and support staff) and faculty level. Qualitative analysis suggested that individual responses to the salary disclosure took various forms: no effect at all, planning to leave one's job, attempting to correct salary inequities, reducing personal effort, and working harder. The findings are discussed in relation to the literature on open pay systems and invasion of privacy.This paper was presented in part at the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Dallas, Texas, August 1983.     

Quality of Australian childcare and children's social skills

This study investigated the relationships and interactions between childcare quality (Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale – Revised edition [ECERS‐R]/Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale – Extension [ECERS‐E]) and children's social skills (SSRS) in different sociodemographic areas within one Australian city. Multiple regression analysis revealed that some subscales of ECERS‐R and ECERS‐E (language–reasoning, programme structure, space and furnishings, parents and staff, literacy, mathematics, science and environment) predicted the level of children's social skills and the frequency of problem behaviour, with positive and negative effects. Interestingly, although total scores for ECERS‐R and ECERS‐E were not significant predictors of social skills scores, interaction between total ECERS‐R and ECERS‐E scores was a significant predictor. With some qualifications the study provides evidence that both the childcare centre's neighbourhood and the quality of childcare provision are related to children's social skills. The interaction between social/emotional and academic aspects of quality suggests that we need to consider synergistic dimensions in quality in order to optimally enhance social skills in children.     

Designing a telematic learning environment in a social constructivist paradigm

The authors of this paper are engaged in designing and developing telematic learning environments to assist in programmes of initial teacher training. Two aspects have been supported by European Union (EU) funded programmes: the Telematics for Teacher Training (T3) and Reflect projects. Telematics is a term describing the combined use of information technology and telecommunications. The authors are not searching for a pedagogy of telematics but are seeking ways in which telematics can assist pedagogy. Their work specifically addresses the question of whether it is possible to design such environments in a social constructivist paradigm and the evaluation of their work regularly returns to the theoretical model of learning central to their training programmes. The authors will show that whereas the aspect of video-conferencing keeps faith with their view of the nature of learning, the design of the website is raising some issues that have, as yet, to be resolved     

高校校园环境的特征及问题分析

高校校园环境以其特有的舆论导向、精神面貌以及物质环境对学生产生潜移默化的影响。良好的校园环境有助于广大师生的身心健康及精神追求,同时也是提升学校形象的重要标志。本文通过分析校园物质文化环境、校园活动文化环境和校园制度文化环境的特征,发现其存在的问题并提出相应的解决路径,以实现和谐校园的构建。     

Student engagement and departure intention: an Australian university perspective

This study addresses the departure intentions of an Australian university business student cohort that is characterised by high levels of diversity in pre-entry attributes. The study investigates the level of student engagement using the academic and social integration components of the Student Engagement Questionnaire (SEQ) based on Tinto’s model of institutional departure. The results showed that the pre-entry attributes of students such as gender and low socio-economic status, together with first year of study, were not significant in determining student engagement. There were, however, significant differences in departure intention based on student engagement, particularly in terms of interaction with administrative support services and satisfaction with the educational experience. Overall, the findings support the view that institutional efforts to engage business students in the early stages of their studies minimise the risk of departure.     

Student teachers and cultural diversity in an Australian regional university

This article examines student teachers' discursive constructions of difference, cultural diversity and race as they write and talk about their cultures and identities in relation to teaching and learning in the first year of a Primary Teaching Degree in a regional Australian university.
The qualitative case study which informs this paper considered the discursive resources that students bring to teacher education from their past experiences and contact with cultural differences in communities, families and schools. It examined various discourses around cultural diversity that are available to them in the teacher education course and how their discursive practices are mediated and reconstructed in the particular university context. A major goal was to explore how universities in largely homogeneous settings might firstly work with the resources that students bring to teacher education and, secondly, assist students to consider the implications of cultural and linguistic diversity for teaching language and literacy.     

Outreach and support for Australian university students with learning disabilities

Abstract

Although students with learning disabilities (LD) are increasing in Australian universities (Smith, Carroll, & Elkins, 1999), limited data is available about this group and the services available to them. This paper reports the results of a 1996 survey of university outreach, transition and orientation programs to attract potential students with LD and assist them in adjusting to higher education study. The availability of generic and specialist support services and accommodations was also investigated.

Universities promote awareness of disability support services widely in outreach to prospective students and at application and/or enrolment, although students with LD are seldom specifically targeted. Formal programs to assist students from equity groups or students with disabilities to consider tertiary study are most frequently directed at high school students; only one quarter of the universities had outreach programs which might include adults with LD. Most universities offer a comprehensive range of support to students with LD through both generic and disability services. Approaches to the documentation of diagnostic assessment and the establishment of need for accommodation are however variable, and raise issues of equity which are of concern to disability support staff.     

Employing a social justice framework to promote postsecondary transition for students with intellectual disability

Transition from high school to postsecondary education (PSE) and employment can be challenging for all youth, and particularly for youth with intellectual disability (ID). Promoting equity and access to PSE for students with ID is a social justice mandate, and high school counselors are uniquely positioned to assist youth with ID in accessing appropriate PSE options. This article describes how high school counselors can effectively support the postsecondary transition needs of students with ID through applying a framework of advocacy and social justice, using the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies.