中介变量：中国大学与政府关系发展模式的新思路

英国通过中介机构来维系大学与政府之间关系的平衡并运行得较为成功,因而得到很多国家的关注和效仿。然而这种模式在中国特殊的文化背景下一直处于低效率运行状态,难以担当起调节中国大学与政府之间关系的重任。但是,按照此模式的思路引入中介变量作为两者关系的调节者,这在中国是具有可行性的。     

An Alternative Approach for Nonlinear Latent Variable Models

In the last decades there has been an increasing interest in nonlinear latent variable models. Since the seminal paper of Kenny and Judd, several methods have been proposed for dealing with these kinds of models. This article introduces an alternative approach. The methodology involves fitting some third-order moments in addition to the means and covariances. This article discusses how the model equations can be formulated and how several standard tests, like the model fit and Lagrange multiplier tests, can be performed. The new method compares favorably with the maximum likelihood method in several studies and can provide evidence of interaction that earlier approaches might ignore.     

场景理论:大学书院文化空间分析的新路径——兼论书院思想政治教育的场景转向

大学书院文化空间再造的操作难点在于缺乏系统化、精细化的经验分析工具。场景理论起源于城市社会学的研究,其空间文化要素区分方法、三个大类和15个子类别的价值分析维度,以及成熟的研究路径都为书院的文化空间研究提供了崭新的视角和可能性。通过清晰地辨别不同书院活动的文化聚合结构,精准地促进文化空间各要素的耦合和再生产,书院文化空间的研究和改革实践就有了方向引领,基于场景的书院思想政治教育也有了科学依据。如何实现对书院制改革的价值引领?对这一问题的解答需要思想政治教育研究的场景转向。     

A General Approach to Defining Latent Growth Components

We present a 3-step approach to defining latent growth components. In the first step, a measurement model with at least 2 indicators for each time point is formulated to identify measurement error variances and obtain latent variables that are purged from measurement error. In the second step, we use contrast matrices to define the latent growth components representing the constructs of substantive interest. The corresponding matrix of structural coefficients is then computed by inverting the contrast matrix. In the third and last step, the first 2 steps are integrated into a structural equation model. The particular strength of this approach is that it permits construction of latent growth components in such a way that they represent interesting contrasts from a substantive point of view. This is illustrated using data of cancer patients obtained from 3 fatigue scales of the multidimensional fatigue inventory measured at 4 time points.     

Measurement Uncertainty in Racial and Ethnic Identification Among Adolescents of Mixed Ancestry: A Latent Variable Approach

In this article, we operationalize identification of mixed racial and ethnic ancestry among adolescents as a latent variable to (a) account for measurement uncertainty, and (b) compare alternative wording formats for racial and ethnic self-categorization in surveys. Two latent variable models were fit to multiple mixed-ancestry indicator data from 1,738 adolescents in New England. The first, a mixture factor model, accounts for the zero-inflated mixture distribution underlying mixed-ancestry identification. Alternatively, a latent class model allows classification distinction between relatively ambiguous versus unambiguous mixed-ancestry responses. Comparison of individual indicators reveals that the Census 2000 survey version estimates higher prevalence of mixed ancestry but is less sensitive to relative certainty of identification than are alternate survey versions (i.e., offering a “mixed” check box option, allowing a written response). Ease of coding and missing data are also considered in discussing the relative merit of individual mixed-ancestry indicators among adolescents.     

高师音乐专业钢琴教学的新思路

对传统钢琴教学模式和现代高师钢琴教学的培养目标以及如何提高实际效能进行了论述。把握音乐教育专业钢琴教学的尺度,采用恰当的教学方法和形式,探索体现当代音乐教育专业办学需要和提高钢琴教学水平的具有实际意义的新途径尤为重要。     

降低高校理财重心提高学校办学水平

随着高等教育“大众化”的发展,高校试图从变革自身财务管理模式着手,解决学校快速发展与有限资金的矛盾,同时学校提高办学水平。本文提出的高校“分级式”财务管理模式,运用“财权下放”和“绩效考核”的方式,合理地配置和有效地使用学校的资源,对促进高校在规模扩张的同时有效地提高办学水平起到了重大推进作用。高校“校院—系(所)”分级管理新的思路是必须调整校学生规模和绩效点核定学校经费总额的比重。     

对话共同体:大学校园文化建设新取向

大学是多元文化荟萃、生成之所,大学校园文化具有对话的本性。但是,随着工具理性思潮的泛滥和高等教育大众化的发展,大学校园文化的对话性遭到不同程度的割离,甚至走向异化。复归校园文化的对话性,重塑校园文化的精神之维,使之成为对话共同体是大学校园文化建设的新取向。     

大学排行的科学与文化——再谈大学排行榜的认识与误区

世界上第一个大学排行榜是由美国的《美国新闻与世界报道》于1983年首创的.其实我国也有第一个大学排行榜,那是中国管理科学研究院科学学研究所于1987年首创的.大学排行榜在美国始于市场,而中国始于科学;在西方责难表现为学术批评,在中国则往往表现为道德审判.大学排行榜之未来:1％研究型大学,主要采用科学计量学指标;99％非研究型大学,主要采用教育计量学和经济计量学指标.     

大学排行——问题与对策

本文尝试分析了大学排行出现的必然性和目前大学排行存在的问题.对如何改进大学排行提出了一些建议.     

Measures of Reading Comprehension: A Latent Variable Analysis of the Diagnostic Assessment of Reading Comprehension

This study compares 2 measures of reading comprehension: (a) the Woodcock-Johnson Passage Comprehension test, a standard in reading research, and (b) the Diagnostic Assessment of Reading Comprehension (DARC), an innovative measure. Data from 192 Grade 3 Spanish-speaking English language learners (ELLs) were used to fit a series of latent variable analyses designed to explicitly test the discriminant validity and differential determinants of the 2 measures. Findings indicated that the 2 measures are related (r =. 61) but distinct, and influenced by different factors. The DARC is less strongly related to word-level skills and more strongly related to measures of narrative language production and memory. Both tests are equally influenced by measures of nonverbal reasoning. These differential patterns of relations, which cannot be explained on the basis of differential reliabilities, reflect true differences in the processing demands of the tests for 3rd-grade ELLs.     

对大学排行榜争议的辨析

大学排行榜是非政府机构参与我国高等教育评价的一种重要方式,在我国已存在20多年了。尽管有了一定的发展基础,但还存在诸多不完善之处,因此社会各界对大学排行榜一直争论不休,各抒己见.本文企图通过理性认识大学排行榜的本质和作用,为其进行合理辩解。     

大学评价体系及其排行榜透视

尽管目前国内大学评价体系还不够完善,但因其排行榜所产生的社会影响关系到一所学校的知名度和美誉度,并且具有增进社会公众对大学的了解、引导学生选择报考学校和社会投资流向、促进社会公众及高校关注高等教育质量问题、推动大学之间展开合作与竞争等方面的作用,因此高校必须重视大学评价及其排行榜,研究和利用它来为学校发展服务。     

大学排行要关注教育质量——《美国新闻与世界报道》的排行分析与启示

大学排行起源于《美国新闻与世界报道》杂志,其排行的目的就是为学生及其家长明智地选择所要就读的学院提供尽可能全面、丰富的信息;排行强调教育的投入与产出,关注教育质量。研究其排行指标体系有助于我国大学排行的完善与发展。     

Estimating Latent Variable Interactions with the Unconstrained Approach: A Comparison of Methods to Form Product Indicators for Large,Unequal Numbers of Items

This Monte Carlo simulation study investigated methods of forming product indicators for the unconstrained approach for latent variable interaction estimation when the exogenous factors are measured by large and unequal numbers of indicators. Product indicators were created based on multiplying parcels of the larger scale by indicators of the smaller scale, multiplying the three most reliable indicators of each scale matched by reliability, and matching items by reliability to create as many product indicators as the number of indicators of the smallest scale. The unconstrained approach was compared with the latent moderated structural equations (LMS) approach. All methods considered provided unbiased parameter estimates. Unbiased standard errors were obtained in all conditions with the LMS approach and when the sample size was large with the unconstrained approach. Power levels to test the latent interaction and Type I error rates were similar for all methods but slightly better for the LMS approach.     

中国大学排行榜:如何才能走出误区

在肯定大学排行榜具有存在价值的前提下,分析了我国目前大学排行榜存在的问题及问题产生的原因.我国大学排行榜要真正步入健康的轨道,需要制度规范、信息服务和监督管理三个方面的通力合作,即制定行业规范,建立准人制度;畅通信息渠道,建立信息公开制度;完善组织建设,成立高等教育质量保障署和评估机构协会.     

国外大学排行例析

排行作为大学评价的一种重要方式在西方国家得到广泛的应用和发展。本文对美国、英国、加拿大、德国和澳大利亚等西方五国主要大学排行活动开展的背景与目的、采取的方法与指标体系、所取得的成效与面临的挑战进行了比较和分析。     

SPM:A New Approach to Achieving Fluency

Fluency A common, yet elusive, ESL/EFL educational goal is empowering students with fluency. Some scholars say fluency is the ability to link words smoothly in a sentence without pauses, repetition, self-correction, or fillers like Uhm... However, making just one smooth or correct sentence doesn't constitute fluency. A more accurate definition of fluency is the ability to make several consecutive sentences within a certain time frame. Fluency, then, is the rate at which sentences are spoken. This concept of fluency has profound implications for ESL/EFL education and evaluation which generally have favored single-sentence accuracy and have ignored multi-sentence fluency.     

全球化:组织心理学的新取向

随着全球一体化趋势的增强和全球化心理学取向的兴起,组织心理学的研究也应采用全球化的视角,去考察全球范围内的组织现象和行为.传统组织心理学的研究仅依赖于西方的背景,而要实现全球化,其研究就要关注各民族的文化和社会政治现实.文章主要介绍了全球化组织心理学的内涵、特点及其研究领域,最后指出了其未来的发展趋势.