超低硫清洁汽油生产新技术分析

随着全球环境的恶化，清洁汽油生产技术成为汽油生产技术的发展方向；从选择性催化剂、醚化、吸附脱硫、加氢处理等方面，针对汽油生产状况存在的问题论述了超低硫清洁汽油生产的新技术。     

物理吸附脱除FCC汽油中硫化物的实验研究

利用13X型、13X 5A型、Y型、附载金属镍的13X型分子筛、高岭土等对FCC汽油进行物理吸附,脱除其中的硫化合物,结果表明:孔径较大的分子筛及比表面积大于150m2/g的高岭土对FCC汽油中的硫化合物有较强的吸附能力.适宜的吸附脱硫条件为:吸附空速1.0h-1,吸附床层温度220℃,吸附压力0.3MPa.对硫含量为744μg/g的FCC汽油进行吸附,可得到硫含量低于360μg/g的汽油产品.     

汽油脱硫的新方法

介绍了一种汽油脱硫的新方法,以发烟硫酸为磺化剂,对催化裂化(FCC)汽油进行了磺化脱硫。通过探究磺化剂浓度、磺化剂用量和磺化反应时间、温度等因素对脱硫效果的影响,确定最优反应条件是磺化剂为5%的发烟硫酸,磺化剂用量为汽油质量的1/500,磺化反应时间为15min,磺化反应温度为25℃。最优反应条件时FCC汽油的含硫量从初始103.0mg/L降至39.04mg/L,脱硫率达62.01%,油品符合国四车用汽油标准。采用磺化、氧化、聚乙二醇萃取相组合的脱硫方法对FCC汽油进行了深度脱硫精制,脱硫处理后汽油含硫量小于10mg/L,符合"欧V"标准,这表明该方法具有非常高的实用性。     

汽油萃取脱硫技术的应用研究与进展

介绍了汽油萃取脱硫的机理,综述了近年来国内外汽油萃取脱硫技术的研究进展,包括氧化—萃取脱硫、萃取—光化学脱硫、络合—萃取脱硫、萃取—蒸馏脱硫、离子液体萃取脱硫、膜基萃取脱硫等汽油萃取脱硫技术,分析了各种萃取脱硫技术的优缺点,并对汽油萃取脱硫技术的研究方向进行了展望。     

硫、镍和钒对催化汽油腐蚀性、安定性的影响

该文运用实验分析数据及工业生产数据,主要讨论了原料中硫、镍和钒对重油催化裂化汽油质量的影响,其中硫含量是影响催化裂化精制汽油腐蚀性、安定性的主要因素。文章提出了改善生产汽油质量的对策,并取得了满意效果。     

炼油厂催化裂化汽油氧化脱硫研究

实验以某炼油厂FCC汽油为原料,双氧水为氧化剂、甲酸为催化剂、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺作为萃取溶剂,采用高压釜反应器。进行了氧化萃取脱硫工艺的研究。实验对双氧水用量、甲酸催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间进行了考察。实验最佳脱硫工艺条件为氧化剂用量占汽油体积的3％,催化剂用量占汽油体积的9％,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为60mim。在最佳工艺条件下,原料油硫含量从400μg·g^-1降至104μg·g^-1,脱硫率为74％,汽油收率在83％左右。汽油质量满足欧Ⅲ标准。     

两段提升管催化裂化孤岛油VGO工业试验

以孤岛油VGO为原料，在两段提升管催化裂化试验装置上进行了工业试验与空白试验对比。结果表明，采用两段提升管催化裂化技术，产品分布得到改善，液收率明显提高，干气和焦炭产率明显降低，对于孤岛油VGO，液收率可提高1～3个百分点；可以改善汽、柴油产品质量，在回炼汽油50％时，汽油烯烃含量降到35％以下。     

甲醇汽油添加剂对甲醇汽油性能影响的研究

研究车用甲醇汽油经过添加剂处理后对其性能的影响。参照GB17930—1999《车用无铅汽油》国家标准,调制成不同配比的甲醇汽油,并对其加入不同添加剂的主要使用性能指标进行测试。实验表明通过加入不同添加剂以及不同的加入量。可以改善甲醇汽油的抗水性、馏程、铜片腐蚀、溶胀性和硫醇性硫含量等性能,使甲醇汽油满足国家标准的要求。     

天然气汽油两用燃料发动机的发展历程与展望

随着社会的发展与进步,汽车日益普及,对汽油、柴油的消耗大幅增加,机动车尾气排放对环境及能源形势也产生了极大的影响。推进新能源、新技术的研究探索,具有十分重要的现实意义。文章对国内外在天然气/汽油两用燃料发动机方面的技术发展历程进行论述,并分析了天然气/汽油两用发动机的发展与应用趋势。     

牛粪可以变汽油

日本农业科学家宣布，他们发现了一种能够用于生产汽油的新资源——牛粪。研究小组称，通过使用高压和加热的技术，他们已经成功地从每3.5盎司牛粪中提取出0.042盎司汽油。科研人员将牛粪放进一个容器，再向其中加入几种金属催化剂，然后对容器实施高温高压，最终成功提取出了少量的汽油。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.