Research on indoor air pollution of newly decorated buildings in Chongqing

1 Introduction 1 It has been reported that the morbidity caused by indoor air pollution accounts for 4% of all diseases in the world, which is about the same portion of diseases caused by alcohol and cigarette. Indoor air pollution is the fourth one of the dangerous elements for the inhabitants and even more dangerous than outdoor air pollution. The bulletin of World Health Organization (WHO) [1] points out that the indoor air pollution is an important issue to environment and public health.…     

黄冈市城区空气污染的变化趋势及其防治对策研究

对黄冈市城区近5年来造成空气污染的三个主要因子SO2、NO2和TSP的连续监测结果进行了系统分析，发现SO2年日平均浓度值的变化呈下降趋势，而NO2和TSP年日平均浓度值的变化呈上升趋势，该地区的空气污染已从煤烟型污染向煤烟－－汽车尾气混合型污染转变。从继续控制煤烟型污染，加强控制汽车尾气污染、扬尘污染和工业污染等四个方面提出了防治对策。     

大气污染控制工程创新性实验的探索与思考

结合本校＂培养高级应用型人才＂的办学宗旨和环境工程专业的办学理念,从提高学生素质和创新能力出发,就大气污染控制工程课程创新性实验的经验和体会进行了总结。     

以加强工程实践能力为导向大气污染控制工程课程建设改革

依据我校2008版教学大纲环境工程专业的培养目标,提出了大气污染控制工程课程建设应从理论教学和实践教学两个环节着手,体现“在常规环境工程专业共性培养的基础上突出环保设备特色,巩固石油石化行业优势”专业特色,以“培养高级应用型人才”为目标。     

X65管线钢在琼海、江津、青岛地区的五年大气腐蚀规律

开展武钢生产的X65管线钢在琼海、江津、青岛5年大气暴露腐蚀试验,得到了X65管线钢在三地的大气腐蚀速率的数据,实验结果表明试验钢在琼海站耐蚀性最好,江津站次之,青岛站最差。分析环境因素得出影响材料耐腐蚀性能的关键因素是SO2沉积率、H2S含量和SO2-4含量。通过数据回归拟合,得出X65管线钢在三个实验站的腐蚀规律均符合公式D=A·tn。     

潮州市工业区冬季大气中二氧化硫和二氧化氮的分布特征研究

通过现场采样分析,对潮州市四个主要工业区冬季大气中的二氧化硫和二氧化氮的含量及时间分布进行了研究．结果表明,潮州市四个工业区冬季大气中二氧化硫的浓度范围在0．08—0．46mg／m^3之间,平均为0．28mg／m^3;二氧化氮浓度范围在0．02—0．16mg／m^3之间,平均为O．08mg／m^3．工业区二氧化硫和二氧...     

Sustainable urbanization：energy and environment in the Chongqing Municipality,China

Chongqing is the largest municipality under the Chinese Central Government （MCG） in terms of administrative area and population and is now the most important economic and cultural center of the upper Yangtze River and Three Gorges area. The Three Gorges Dam project, one of the largest world infrastructure projects, causes a great deal of immigration to Chongqing and results in the rapid urbanization of the city, and it has brought in a great deal of environmental impact, which is a global concerned issue. This paper introduces the city profile of Chongqing municipality and its urbanization impact on energy and environment. The demand and the trend of energy consumption in built environment （building and transport） have been analysed. The living environment of Chongqing residents and the local energy efficient policy have been introduced. Finally the authors discuss the key issues of the sustainable urban development of Chongqing.     

深圳特区大气环境影响评价及环境规划

分析了大气边界层扩散条件、大气污染源分布及预测、大气污染现状。根据O_3、SO_2和NO_x的模拟计算结果,结合城市总体发展规划,进行了大气环境规划工作。     

Mercury pollution in the Chongqing part of the Three Gorges Reservoir area and its remediation and prevention

Mercury pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of P. R. China merits special attention. We investigated into the current situation in the Chongqing part of the Reservoir area, identified the pollution sources and proposed some suggestions for the remediation and prevention of mercury pollution in this area. Atmospheric mercury in Chongqing was mainly from coal burning and releases of mercury-containing products such as various types of lights and fever thermometers. Urban drainage in Chongqing and Changshou, and runoffs from the high mercury background area in the lower reaches of the Wujiang River contributed most of the mercury in the water of the Yangtze River. A majority of the blame should be laid on mercury and gold mining in the Wujiang valley. We suggested foresting sloping lands to relieve soil erosion and prevent mercury-bearing soil from running into rivers, educational activities to discourage use of mercury-containing products and improved infrastructure to collect mercury-containing wastes for reducing mercury releases, more facilities for treating wastewater and solid waste to accommodate increased requirements of discharge, and growing selected perennial plants in mercury-contaminated land to absorb the mercury in soil. We also suggested concerted operation of a dedicated water-quality monitoring system, reinforced legislation and an effective administrative mechanism to ensure lasting efforts are invested in curbing mercury releases and restoring mercury contaminated land and water in the Reservoir area.     

Using a choice experiment to select the basket of improving the air quality in Chongqing, China

Air quality has a significant relationship with our life. Residents are concerned with the environment issue of Chongqing, which used to be one of major industrial cities in China. We choose the air quality of Chongqing as the research object, valued by choice experiment model with designed questionnaires, to discuss the best approach of improving the air quality. Firstly, the paper introduces the representative methods of the stated preferences: CVM and choice experiment (CE). The choice experiment (CE) could be designed in a series of situations with many different attributes to test the relative values among the attributes, which are the evidences of ranking importance of the attributes. Because the improvement of air quality is affected by multiple factors, the technique is better at valuing the economical impacts. Once the attributes and levels are decided, profiles and choice sets can be designed. We can also collect data through questionnaires and use the conditional logit model to evaluate the improvement of air quality in Chongqing. The result shows the relative importance of the elements selected to evaluate the improvement of urban air quality. In a word, this research has important practical value to better the air quality.     

济源市铅锌冶炼业二氧化硫污染状况与防治对策

根据济源市第一次污染源普查数据,对铅锌冶炼业SO2产生量和排放量进行了分析.结果表明,虽然铅锌冶炼业SO2的去除率较高,但因其SO2的产生量大,所以排放量也大,是大气SO2的主要污染源,铅锌冶炼业SO2的污染防治应引起有关部门的高度重视,并有针对性的提出了污染防治对策.     

Diversity change of microbial communities responding to zinc and arsenic pollution in a river of northeastern China

Pollution discharge disturbs the natural functions of water systems. The environmental microbial community composition and diversity are sensitive key indicators to the impact of water pollutant on the microbial ecology system over time. It is meaningful to develop a way to identify the microbial diversity related to heavy metal effects in evaluating river pollution. Water and sediment samples were collected from eight sections along the Tiaozi River where wastewater and sewage were discharged from Siping City in northeastern China. The main pollutants contents and microbial communities were analyzed. As the primary metal pollutants, zinc (Zn) and arsenic (As) were recorded at the maximum concentrations of 420 and 5.72 μg/L in the water, and 1704 and 1.92 mg/kg in the sediment, respectively. These pollutants posed a threat to the microbial community diversity as only a few species of bacteria and eukaryotes with strong resistance were detected through denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Acinetobacter johnsonii, Clostridium cellulovorans, and Trichococcus pasteurii were the dominant bacteria in the severely polluted areas. The massive reproduction of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri almost depleted the dissolved oxygen (DO) and resulted in the decline of the aerobic bacteria. It was noted that the pollution reduced the microbial diversity but the L. hoffmeisteri mass increased as the dominant community, which led to the overconsuming of DO and anaerobic stinking water bodies. Water quality, concentrations of heavy metals, and the spatial distribution of microbial populations have obvious consistencies, which mean that the heavy metals in the river pose a serious stress on the microorganisms.     

活性炭固载硫酸催化合成乙酸乙酯和环己稀

该文主要介绍在有机化学实验教学中,用C—H2SO4作催化剂,制备乙酸乙酯和环己稀,既减少硫酸用量,降低了实验操作的危险性和实验室污染,又增加了产率。对硫酸浓度、催化剂用量、反应时间对产率的影响进行了探讨,实验结果显示,C—H2SO4对这两个反应有较好的催化效果。     

农业非点源污染氮、磷负荷估算及经济损失评估——以福建省2010年农业非点源污染为例

利用Jones输出系数模型估算了2010年农业非点源污染总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）负荷,包括种植地、畜禽养殖、农村生活3个方面,并结合环境经济学防护费用法估算非点源总氮、总磷流失的经济损失。结果表明：TN非点源负荷中,畜禽养殖产生负荷最大,农村生活负荷产量次之,种植地产生负荷最少;TP非点源负荷中,畜禽养殖产生负荷最大;农村生活产生负荷次之,种植地产生负荷最少。农业非点源TN、TP流失经济总损失为73．323亿元,畜禽养殖流失损失占总损失的57．43％,农村生活流失损失占25．71％。种植地流失损失占总损失的16．86％。综上,TN、TP流失的控制应注意畜禽养殖和农村生活方面,其中重点为生猪、牛和家禽。     

Quantitative evaluation of air pollution in transport strategic environmental assessment: a case study based on uncertainty analysis and graphic information system technology

Although the impact of road transport on urban air quality has achieved a high profile in China, still greater attention is required as it has not yet been considered fully even in relation to the road network linking cities and urban areas. Strategic environmental assessment （SEA） is a systematic and comprehensive process for evaluating the environmental impacts of a policy, plan or program in publicly accountable decision-making. Air pollution has been recognized as a significant issue in most transport SEA practices. The Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Hubei Road Network Plan （2002-2020） （HRNP） was introduced as one of the World Bank＇s pilot SEA projects. An effective framework was developed to investigate the functional relationship between the road network and its potential air pollutant emissions. In this study, two indicators were identified： emission intensity/ inventory of pollutants and the spatial distribution of the most polluted areas. Because strategic actions are inherently nebulous and data quality is often disappointing, three alternative scenarios were employed to address uncertainties and data/scale issues. Calculations were made using emission models and results were analyzed with the help of statistical tools and the geographic information system （GIS）. The results from the project implementation and the feedback from the World Bank have both shown that the proposed framework is effective in the transport SEA process.     

穆棱河水系鸡西段水体污染分析及其治理措施

依据实际监测结果,对穆棱河水系鸡西段水体污染进行了理论分析,提出水体污染的规划控制途径,为城市建设和环境保护提供依据.     

衡水湖空气微生物污染的调查分析

通过对衡水湖不同季节、不同区域空气中微生物含量的调查.结果显示夏季衡水湖空气中微生物如细菌、霉菌、酵母菌数量明显高于秋季、春季、冬季.同一季节不同位点接待站、桃花岛、梅花岛、湖中心.其空气中微生物含量也存在显著差异.接待站处微生物含量明显高于两岛、两岛明显高于湖心.不同季节微生物分布存在显著差异.说明微生物的生长受温度、湿度等因素的影响.同一季节不同位点微生物的分布也存在显著差异,说明人为因素.特别是生活垃圾、工农业废弃物等直接影响微生物的分布.空气中的微生物进入水体影响衡水湖的水质.防止工农业废弃物及工业废水的排放.控制生活垃圾的投放势在必行.     

火焰原子吸收法快速测定高纯锌中痕量Pb,Cd,Fe,Cu,Sb和Mn的含量

用HNO3溶解试样，配制6种元素混合标准系列溶液，用空气－乙炔火焰原子吸收法连续测定Pb,Cd,Fe,Cu,Sb和Mn的含量。建立了优化的仪器测定条件，并进行了相关的干扰实验。方法的回收率为98.9%-102.0%，相对标准偏差为1.8%-2.5%。     

HPLC法同时测定珠芽蓼中没食子酸、绿原酸和槲皮素成分的含量

建立HPLC法同时测定珠芽蓼中没食子酸、绿原酸和槲皮素的方法.采用phenomenex Luna C18(2)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),柱温40℃,以1%冰醋酸水溶液-1%冰醋酸甲醇溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长分别为272 nm(检测没食子酸)、350 nm(检测绿原酸、槲皮素),流速为0.8 mL·min-1.结果表明没食子酸、绿原酸及槲皮素分别在0.2568μg~1.712μg(r=0.9992)、0.2898μg~1.932μg(r=0.9995)、0.01772μg~0.1181μg(r=0.9993)范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率(n=6)分别为98.2%(RSD为2.28%)、101.6%(RSD为2.39%)、100.6%(RSD为1.02%).本方法操作简单、结果准确,具有较好的重复性和稳定性,适用于珠芽蓼药材中3个有效成分的含量测定.     

Determination of vitamins B2, B3, B6 and B7 in corn steep liquor by NIR and PLSR

Corn steep liquor(CSL) is an important raw material that has high nutritional value and serves as a nitrogen source.Biotin in CSL is especially of great importance to fermentation.In order to develop a fast,versatile,cheap,and environmentally safe analytical method for quantifying vitamins B2(VB2),B3(VB3),B6(VB6) and B7(VB7) in CSL,the near-infrared spectroscopy(NIR) measurements of 66 samples(22 batches) of CSL were analyzed by partial least-square regression(PLSR).Multivariate models developed in the NIR regions showed good predictive abilities for VB2,VB3,VB6 and VB7.Results confirmed the probability of the multivariate spectroscopic approach as a replacement for expensive and time-consuming conventional chemical methods.