高校创业教育与大学生创业意向和创业自我效能的关系研究

高校创业教育影响大学生的创业意向和创业自我效能，但已有研究将创业教育视为一个整体掩盖了三者之间的关系机理。基于理论性和实践性创业教育的分类框架，分析了讲座报告、创业课程、创业竞赛、创业培训和创业实训与大学生创业意向和创业自我效能之间的作用关系。结构方程模型分析表明：理论性创业教育不仅直接影响大学生创业意向，还通过创业自我效能间接影响创业意向；实践性创业教育仅通过创业自我效能间接影响大学生创业意向。理论性创业教育对大学生创业意向的影响效应大于实践性创业教育，且创业课程对大学生创业意向的影响效应最大。更重要的是，相较于创业教育对大学生创业意向的直接效应，通过创业自我效能对创业意向产生的间接效应更大。     

Does entrepreneurship education matter? Business students’ perspectives

The paper presents the findings of a mixed-methods study investigating the perceptions of business students in the Czech Republic towards entrepreneurship education, and examining the factors influencing their level of intention to be entrepreneurs. The results indicate that family background significantly influences the student’s entrepreneurial intention, and that participation in entrepreneurship-oriented courses positively influences the student’s level of self-efficacy. The study revealed further that business education had some effect on the student’s ability to gain the necessary knowledge for entrepreneurship. Another key finding was that entrepreneurship education specifically for business students has to equip students with entrepreneurial skills, attributes and behaviours. The results also suggest that entrepreneurship education is a contextually determined concept which requires modification of content and methods to meet the specific needs of particular target groups. The study has important implications for higher education institutions in terms of designing and managing effective entrepreneurship education.     

个体和社会环境因素对大学生创业意向的影响

本文采用对西安市9所不同类型高校2010名大学本科毕业班学生调查所得数据,分析了个体和社会环境因素对大学生创业意向的影响。研究表明:①大学生具有较强烈的创业意向;②大学生的创业态度、感知的主观规范、创业自我效能、创业能力和创业经历等个体因素对其创业意向具有显著的直接或间接影响;③创业阻力这一社会环境因素对大学生的创业意向具有显著、直接的消极影响;④与社会环境因素相比,个体因素对学生创业意向的解释力更大。在此基础上,本文提出了激发大学生创业意向的若干建议。     

在校消费水平能影响当代大学生的创业意愿吗?

在已有研究基础上,进一步挖掘影响大学生创业意愿的因素,有助于有针对性地引导和扶持大学生创业。通过问卷调查收集数据,基于Timmons创业要素模型分析,实证检验了大学生在校消费水平对未来创业意愿的影响。控制其他相关影响因素的实证结果表明:大学生在校消费水平越高,毕业后的创业意愿越强。研究结论不但揭示了在校消费水平这一大学生创业意愿的影响因素,而且能够为优化高校创业教育和制定有针对性的大学生创业政策提供经验证据。     

创业环境视角下创业教育与创业行为之间关系的混合模型研究

在推动实现更高质量就业的背景下,调动大学生以创业带动就业将是缓解未来就业矛盾的有效路径。作为培养创新创业型人才的重要载体,创新创业教育越来越受到重视和关注。文章主要采用层级回归的方法,旨在探讨创业教育如何对创业行为产生影响,以及创业意愿在创业教育与创业行为之间关系的中介作用和创业环境的调节作用。基于东部三省六校大学生的实证研究显示,创业教育对创业行为具有显著的正向影响,创业意愿在二者之间起到中介作用,有调节的中介效应检验还揭示了创业环境在创业教育与创业意愿之间关系中具有显著调节作用。     

基于扎根理论的大学生创业效能感维度研究

创业效能感是制约大学生创业成功的关键因素,是提升大学生创业教育实效性的重要途径之一。科学地界定创业效能感的内在结构,有助于剖析创业效能感的形成机制,探索提升创业效能感的教育手段,制定有针对性的创业教育策略。基于扎根理论,运用深度访谈的方法,经过定性与定量的分析和总结,验证了辽宁省大学生创业者的创业效能感由营销能力效能感、创新能力效能感、风险承担效能感、抗压能力效能感、关系协调效能感、责任使命效能感、管理能力效能感和学习能力效能感8个维度构成。在创业教育过程中针对每个维度进行的教育干预都能够有效提升大学生的创业效能感。这一研究成果对于推动辽宁省高校的创业教育,甄别和培养机会型创业者,提高大学生创业成功率,都具有较强的理论和实践指导意义。     

创业环境和心理环境对大学生创业绩效的影响机制研究

大学生创业环境和心理环境对大学生创业绩效具有重要影响,自我效能感和创业韧性是创业者心理环境的两个重要组成部分。研究通过构建以创业环境为自变量,以自我效能感为中介变量,以创业韧性为调节变量,以创业绩效为因变量的理论分析模型,把杭州、宁波、金华等地大学生创业者作为调查样本进行了实证分析。结果显示:创业环境能显著预测创业绩效;自我效能感在创业环境与创业绩效之间起到显著的中介作用;创业韧性在“创业环境—自我效能感—创业绩效”关系链的后半段路径发挥调节作用,且高水平创业韧性调节效果更为显著。研究还从改善创业环境、提升创业者自我效能感和增强创业韧性等方面提出对策与建议。     

填补创业意愿和行为间的“鸿沟”——创业加速器模式的经验与启示

大学生在创业意愿和行为之间存在着一个看不见的"鸿沟",不确定性可能是造成具有创业意愿的大学生不进行创业活动的重要因素。创业加速器为初创企业提供必要的启动资金、密集的导师指导,以实验的方式帮助大学生开展创业活动,从根本上解决了大学生创业者的后顾之忧。文章从创业的逻辑入手,通过阐述和分析加速器的成功经验,为中国创业教育和扶持工作提供一种新的思路。     

大学生创业态度对创业意向的影响研究

本研究探讨了大学生创业态度和创业意向的关系,通过对761名个体的大样本测试,我们发现:大学生创业态度与创业意向之间存在显著正相关,成就动机、创业回报、自主性对大学生创业意向的影响系数达到显著水平;追求变化对大学生创业意向的影响系数未达到显著水平;并且成就动机、创业回报对创业意向具有显著的预测作用。     

More student trust,more self-regulation strategy? Exploring the effects of self-regulatory climate on self-regulated learning

Self-regulated learning has been one of the important areas in educational research. The authors adopted structural equation modeling to explore and compare the impacts of three aspects of self-regulatory climate (i.e., academic emphasis, teacher trust, and student trust) on three features of self-regulated learning (i.e., self-efficacy, intrinsic motive, and self-regulation strategy). The results revealed both direct effects of academic emphasis on students’ use of self-regulation strategy, and indirect effects mediated by self-efficacy and intrinsic motive. Teacher trust has a positive impact on self-efficacy. While student trust has a positive impact on intrinsic motive, its relationship with self-regulation strategy is negative. Significant differences in school levels and gender were identified. The findings indicate that students in different cultures may have different expectations for teachers’ support in learning, which in turn influence the relationship between student trust in teachers and the use of self-regulation strategy. Implications for cultivating self-regulated learners are discussed in the article.     

基于创业效能感理论的大学生创业教育模式研究

我国大学生创业意向不高,创业成功率低,与其创业效能感水平低有着直接的关系。创业教育要依据创业效能感形成的心理机制,采用针对性的教育培养模式。创业效能感的形成主要包括需要驱动、模仿认同和内化外化三个心理过程,遵循这一心理发展规律,高校的创业教育应从"唤醒、教化、践行"三方面入手,科学制定和选择大学生创业教育模式,提高教育策略的针对性和实效性,推动大学生创业教育水平的全面提升。     

A measurement model of entrepreneurship education effectiveness based on methodological triangulation

Based on the Methodological Triangulation, this paper proposes and validates a new model for measuring the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education on the three dimensions- entrepreneurial competencies, barriers, and intentions, which are usually studied independently in the literature. A total of 308 entrepreneurship education students, who enrolled in two different campuses at a major Chinese university, participated in this study to explore the feedback mode of three key variables. The findings show that the improvement of participants’ entrepreneurial competencies, the reduction of entrepreneurial barriers, and the change of entrepreneurial intention reflect the effectiveness of entrepreneurial education for college students. The proposed model can comprehensively measure the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education by discussing the relations among three key variables and the scope of the model application. The model provides solutions for the development and improvement of entrepreneurship education programs and a standard framework for comparative research on cross-regional or cross-cultural entrepreneurship education.     

资源依赖理论视角下大学生乡村创业生存与发展探究

乡村振兴战略持续推进,决战决胜脱贫攻坚和“大众创业、万众创新”蓬勃发展所形成的良好氛围、政策叠加效应,以及新技术新模式在农业农村领域的应用催生了大量的创业机遇,为大学生乡村创业提供了创业机会和要素。在探讨大学生乡村创业的内涵、乡村振兴战略与大学生乡村创业互动机理的基础上,分析了大学生乡村创业的现实境遇,如乡村创业意愿弱、创业技能与经验不足、创业融资渠道狭窄、创业模式存在一定的盲目性。基于资源依赖理论提出可持续发展的大学生乡村创业支持体系,即:优化乡村创业政策,厚植大学生乡村创业丰沃土壤;搭建乡村创业生态圈,助推大学生乡村创业企业孵化成长;培育乡村创业文化,激发大学生的乡村企业家精神;优化内部治理结构,增强大学生乡村创业组织内动能。     

社会网络嵌入与大学生创业意向的关系:一个有调节的中介模型

探讨社会网络嵌入与大学生创业意向的关系,采用社会网络量表、核心自我评价量表、威廉斯创造倾向测评量表、创业意向量表对大一到大四360名大学生进行调研。结果发现:（1）社会网络嵌入与核心自我评价、创造倾向和大学生创业意向呈显著正相关;（2）社会网络嵌入显著正向预测启示作用     

Fostering self-efficacy and self-regulation in higher education: a matter of autonomy support or academic motivation?

ABSTRACT

By implementing student-centred learning environments, higher education institutions aim to foster student self-efficacy and self-regulation. Previous research that focuses on how students perceive these learning environments usually does not take the differential impact of students’ study motivation into account. However, the type of motivation might influence how students perceive their learning environment. To this end, this study investigates the relationship between students’ perceived autonomy support in student-centred learning environments and self-regulation and self-efficacy by taking study motivation into account. The results indicate that autonomy-supportive teacher behaviour enhances self-efficacy for students who are autonomously motivated. Amotivated students might need other than autonomy-supportive teacher behaviour to develop self-efficacy. Self-regulation seems to play a less distinct role. Overall, when examining the effects of autonomy-supportive teaching in higher education, the quality and quantity of students’ motivation has a role to play, an aspect which is important to consider in future research and practice.     

主动性人格和职业价值观对大学生创业意向的影响

为探讨主动性人格、职业价值观与大学生创业意向之间的关系,使用主动性人格量表、职业价值观量表和创业意向问卷对556名大学生进行调查.结果表明:大学生主动性人格不存在显著的性别和生源差异;手段性职业价值观存在显著性别差异,目的性职业价值观存在显著生源差异;创业意向存在显著的性别和生源差异;主动性人格、职业价值观和创业意向三者之间关系密切,主动性人格、目的性职业价值观对创业意向有显著预测作用.     

Marta Peris-Ortiz,Jaime Alonso Gómez,José M. Merigó-Lindahl,Carlos Rueda-Armengot (eds.): Entrepreneurial universities: exploring the academic and innovative dimensions of entrepreneurship in higher education

This book review introduces Marta Peris-Ortiz, Jaime Alonso Gómez, José M. Merigó-Lindahl, and Carlos Rueda-Armengot’s book entitled Entrepreneurial universities: exploring the academic and innovative dimensions of entrepreneurship in higher education. Entrepreneurship is an expression of the talent of human creation, and the concept of the entrepreneurial university is the most well-articulated item in the evolution of the university towards the requirements of the knowledge-based society. However, two main questions are still under-explored: what are the core features of entrepreneurial universities, and what kind of activities related to innovation and entrepreneurship does arise in academic setting? The book can be grouped into three main sections: one concerns the entrepreneurial education of students provided by entrepreneurial university; the sections confirm the entrepreneurial initiatives and activities of entrepreneurial universities, which contribute to innovation and technology transfer; and those involve entrepreneurial research in academic setting. The book explores the institutional aspects of entrepreneurship activities to establish entrepreneurial universities. The defect of this book is the slightly lack of longitudinal study and secondary data in entrepreneurial intention and orientation research.     

教育制度设计对大学生机会型创业意向的影响——来自重庆的实证研究

教育制度不仅通过"自主学习"体系深刻影响着个体的"责任感"和"自我实现需要"等个性特质的形成,也通过"创业教育"和"实践教育"体系直接影响到"机会型创业意识"。来自重庆的调查数据证实,"学习自主性"对大学生的"创业责任感"和"自我实现需要"存在显著的正向影响;"创业责任感"、"自我实现需要"、"创业教育"、"创业牵涉程度"对大学生"机会型创业意向"存在显著的正向影响。改革现行教育教学模式,鼓励学生"自主学习",培育学生的"责任感"和"自我实现的需要";同时,为学生提供完善的创业教育和企业实践磨炼,提高学生创业素质,使大学生产生机会型创业的内外驱动力量,可以大力推动大学生机会型创业。     

简论大学生创业的利与弊

大学生创业的利弊分析对于大学生掌握机遇、迎接挑战、成功创业,具有十分重要的指导意义和现实意义。大学生创业的有利条件有五个方面：一是政府大力支持;二是大学生具有顽强的拼搏精神;三是大学生富于冒险精神;四是大学生有敢为人先的创新能力和一定的操作能力;五是大学生具有良好的身体素质。大学生创业的不利之处有四个方面：一是创业资金不足;二是创业教育跟不上形势的需求;三是创业团队缺乏极强的个人凝聚力;四是创业团队领导人缺乏超众的控制能力。     

大连市大学生创业状况调查研究

随着科学技术的快速发展以及就业形势的日益严峻,大学生自主创业,以创业带动就业受到了全社会的关注。通过对大连市5所高等院校、258名大学生的问卷调查,深入且系统地分析了当前大学生创业的现状及存在的问题,并根据调查分析的结果,从政府、学校以及大学生自身三个方面提出相应的对策建议,以期健全创业服务体系,为大学生提供更好的创业...