赞"以事为名指声符"说

从古代汉语的发展历史角度看,许慎的六书说,的确在汉字发展史上占有非常重要的地位,但问题亦复不少。形声字定义当如何正确理解,即亟应取得一致认识。本文对于一个探本抽薪、很有价值和力量、恢复一千八百年前形声定义原貌的论断非常赞成,因而为之简介、阐述、申论,期于早日得到广泛共识。     

物质波的相速度、群速度与粒子的速度

由于微观粒子具有波粒二象性 ,引入物质波来描述微观粒子。本文主要论证物质波的相速度、群速度与粒子运动速度的关系 ,说明德布罗意的假设具有内在的一致性。     

Competition and the adjustment of gifted children: A matter of motivation

Although there are several reasons to predict that intellectually gifted children have different attitudes toward, experiences with, and opportunities for competition, the research literature on this topic is extremely limited. In this article, we review the literature and discuss an important distinction between task‐oriented competitive behavior, which is motivated by a desire to improve performance, and other‐referenced competitive behavior, which is motivated primarily by a desire to outdo an opponent. The implications of these competitive styles with regard to the academic achievement and social adjustment of gifted youngsters is explored and some suggestions for educators and parents are provided.     

To give or not to give: children's and adolescents' sharing and moral negotiations in economic decision situations

This study interconnects developmental psychology of fair and moral behavior with economic game theory. One hundred eighty-nine 9- to 17-year-old students shared a sum of money as individuals and groups with another anonymous group (dictator game). Individual allocations did not differ by age but did by gender and were predicted by participants' preferences for fair allocations. Group decision making followed a majority process. Level of moral reasoning did not predict individual offers, but group members with a higher moral reasoning ability were more influential during group negotiations and in influencing group outcomes. The youngest participants justified offers more frequently by referring to simple distribution principles. Older participants employed more complex reasons to justify deviations from allocation principles.     

Youth take the lead: Digital poetry and the next generation

Digital literacy projects offer an exciting means of engaging young people in poetry. Many such projects fall short of realising their full potential however, overlooking students' technological expertise and ability to learn from one another. Youth slam and spoken word (YSSW) offers possibilities for developing these projects, making creative use of both new technologies and student‐centred learning techniques. YSSW's artistic and didactic achievements demonstrate what young people can achieve if we relinquish our privileged positions as authoritative teachers/artists. This article considers how YSSW participants have used digital technologies to create innovative artworks, develop new notions of literacy and inspire their peers to explore their own artistic, socially engaged identities.     

Relationships matter: some benefits,challenges and tensions associated with forming a collaborative educational researcher group

Growing recognition of the complexity of children’s lives has led to strong advocacy in education research literature for greater collaboration between researchers from different paradigms to address the ‘wicked’ problems that face contemporary children and families. There is little literature, however, exploring how collaboration works in practice. This paper, drawing on researcher reflective narrative, and using Cultural Historical Activity Theory as a heuristic framework, describes and critiques the formative stages of an educational research collaborative group of five early and one mid-career early childhood education researchers (the authors), from two universities, and with quite different epistemological and ontological understandings. It outlines, from an insider perspective, some of the outcomes, challenges and tensions associated with participating in the research group, and concludes by providing some implications for policy and considerations for those contemplating forming a collaborative group.     

Sex does not matter: gender bias and gender differences in peer assessments of contributions to group work

This paper considers the possibility of gender bias in peer ratings for contributions to team assignments, as measured by an online self-and-peer assessment tool. The research was conducted to determine whether peer assessment led to reliable and fair marking outcomes. The methodology of Falchikov and Magin was followed in order to test their finding that gender has no discernable impact on peer ratings. Data from over 1500 participants at two universities enrolled in four different degree programmes were analysed. The research indicates an absence of gender bias in six case studies. The research also found that women received significantly higher ratings than men.     

“以学习者为中心”的网上小组讨论教学案例分析——以《组织行为学》课程为案例

网上教学是广播电视大学开放教育教学工作极其重要的组成部分,也是广播电视大学教学能力甚至学校发展水平的直接呈现,又是继续推进广播电视大学信息化建设的迫切要求。本文结合《组织行为学》课程网上小组讨论探索实施过程,提出从观念、引导、平台及管理四个方面树立“以学习者为中心”的网上小组讨论,切实推动网上教学的开展。     

女性进入精英集体:有限的进步

Based on studies of literature and the freshman admission data from 1978 to 2005 in Peking University, the research reveals how female student enrollments grew from nil to a considerable size, and how the exclusion of women college admission was overcome to achieve gender balance. However, the paper argues that this progress is limited in that class exclusion and the urban-rural gap is still significant in college enrollment, and there has been obvious sex segregation in the selection of specialties. So, equality from gender perspective alone is a “lame equality”. It is necessary to carefully examine what equality in higher education means to female students when both sexes have approximately equal opportunities to higher education, for to female students, the choice of specialty and the professional training are processes in which they have to continually submit themselves to male-centric knowledge. __________ Translated by ZHANG Yurong from Gaodeng Jiaoyu Yanjiu 高等教育研究 (Journal of Higher Education), 2008, 29(2): 49–61     

“借+给”句式简析

汉语"借"不能像英语一样表方向,只有通过其他手段来表示方向。想要排出"借字句"的歧义,只能通过两种手段:一是表示清楚方向;二是描述清楚所借事物的领属关系。汉语可以通过添加介词、行为动词等手段表方向。     

The effect of peer group stability on achievements: Evidence from Poland

This article reports on a study using data from nation-wide standardised examinations in Poland. We analysed the extent to which grade 9 student achievements have depended on the stability of their peer group over the course of middle school. We controlled for the fixed effects of schools attended by the students, as well as for individual achievements prior to middle school enrolment. To mitigate the risk for endogeneity, analysis was informed by a consideration of the fact that middle schools operate in different institutional relations with nearby primary schools. This also allowed us to distinguish between the effect related to peer group stability and the one connected to the stability of the learning environment in general. The results of our analysis show that instability significantly reduces students' expected performance in mathematics and science. The impact of peer group stability on test achievements varies strongly across the student ability distribution. Very low-performing students and top performers were most affected. The average students were largely unaffected. One category of students that seems to benefit from the change when moving to middle school are students from very competitive primary schools who have average skills.     

形式主义地"讲政治":基层策略主义的新表现

基层治理从“无论用什么方法,摆平就行、搞定就行”的任意变通,到按程序、按规范执行的“讲政治”,表面上体现了制度化、规范化和文明性,但深层逻辑仍然是只关注技术问题的策略主义逻辑。只是,策略主义的表现形式从之前简单粗暴的任意变通表现为“不变通”,即形式主义地“讲政治”。这是因为形塑策略主义的治理结构不仅没有发生根本变化,而且“督查下乡”强化了对基层的问责。为了规避风险与责任,基层干部不再通过变通来完成目标任务,而是通过“形式主义地讲政治”来应对目标任务。要化解日趋严重的基层形式主义问题,必须给予基层干部自主性。