3年级汉语阅读障碍儿童的诊断及其特征分析--"听力理解-阅读理解差异诊断模式"初探

本研究探索性地运用“听力理解—阅读理解差异模式”诊断汉语阅读障碍儿童,并在中文文字系统内对该模式的理论基础和实证效力进行了验证。研究结果表明,阅读成份理论适用于中文文字系统;“听力理解—阅读理解差异诊断模式”能够有效确定不同阅读障碍儿童的主要缺陷:解码、理解以及混合成分,这利于之后的教育矫治。     

发展性阅读障碍的诊断与矫治

发展性阅读障碍是一种最常见的学习障碍,严重阻碍了儿童各方面能力的全面发展.患有发展性阅读障碍的儿童在认知、情感、自我概念及社会性发展方面都会遇到很多的困难,关于发展性阅读障碍的研究应该引起人们的重视.本文从诊断、矫治两个方面对已有研究进行了综述,并对发展性阅读障碍的矫治进行了初步探讨.     

汉语发展性阅读障碍诊断方法探讨

汉语发展性阅读障碍迄今还没有一套标准的、为国际学术界广泛认可的评估方法,这极大地影响了汉语发展性阅读障碍的理论研究与实践应用。通过对当前使用中的汉语发展性阅读障碍的评估方法进行梳理与分析,并在理解发展性阅读障碍一般定义的基础上,结合汉语认知的特异性,提出了“汉语发展性阅读障碍的诊断测试应包括单词解码能力测试和词义通达能力测试”的建议。     

透明文字阅读障碍儿童阅读流畅性的实验干预研究

相比于阅读正确性,透明文字阅读障碍儿童的阅读流畅性问题更突出。本文用多基线干预性混合实验设计,考察形-音联结和重复阅读两种训练对3~5年级不同水平维吾尔文阅读障碍儿童阅读流畅性的单独和综合干预效果。结果发现:(1)基线时,不同水平阅读障碍儿童的单词阅读正确性和阅读理解成绩不存在显著差异,但在阅读流畅性测验得分上严重阅读障碍儿童显著落后于一般阅读障碍儿童;(2)形-音联结和重复阅读两种训练分别提高了阅读障碍儿童的假词和真词阅读速度,两种训练结合使用时提高了阅读理解成绩,其中严重阅读障碍儿童的阅读理解成绩提高的更明显。     

阅读障碍与数学学习障碍共生现象的研究

“共生”是学习障碍研究领域近期提出的一个新概念,其中阅读障碍与数学学习障碍共生现象在学习障碍领域存在尤为普遍,近年来研究者对阅读障碍与数学学习障碍共生现象的诊断和发生率、表现特征、产生原因等方面进行了研究,并取得了较大进展。然而对阅读障碍与数学学习障碍共生现象还有许多问题有待研究。     

阅读障碍的心理语言学研究简介

阅读障碍是学校教育中教师经常遇到的一个问题，是特殊教育研究的重要领域。本文介绍了阅读障碍的概念、性质和分类，分析了阅读障碍的成因，并探讨了眼动与阅读障碍之间的关系。最后，本文指出了该研究领域存在的问题及我国阅读障碍研究的方向。     

发展性阅读障碍研究综述

目前国内发展性阅读障碍研究取得较大进展,本文从筛选标准、亚类型鉴定、认知缺陷、认知神经机制、教育干预五个方面对发展性阅读障碍文献进行了分析,建议今后从拓展研究领域、加强诊断标准的规范化、增强跨文化比较研究和完善实验操作四个方面来进一步加强对发展性阅读障碍的研究。     

阅读障碍评估研究的趋势

阅读障碍作为一个严重且普遍的问题受到了研究者的重视。阅读障碍儿童的异质性和阅读过程的复杂性使得很难形成统一、有效和有指导性的评估模式。本文回顾了以往的评估模式,介绍了新近出现的各种评估方法和理念,在此基础上对阅读障碍评估的发展趋势做了简要的总结。     

汉语发展性阅读障碍的筛选与鉴定研究

本文从汉语发展性阅读障碍的筛选模式、量表修订两个方面对汉语发展性阅读障碍的筛选与鉴定进行了总结。     

国内汉语阅读障碍研究聚焦述评

以CNKI数据库中优秀硕博论文、核心期刊、权威期刊为文献检索库进行网络检索,采用共词分析的方法对阅读障碍近十多年的研究进行聚类分析、多维尺度分析,进而得出近年来汉语阅读障碍的研究焦点。焦点集中于五个方面:眼动、ERP、亚类型、认知研究、早期诊断与干预。目前国内汉语阅读障碍研究还存在操作定义、评估标准不统一,早期的干预相对滞后,阅读障碍脑机制、神经机制研究上较为欠缺,研究领域较狭窄等问题。因而需要加强实践层面的探讨,充分运用ERP、FMRI等脑电仪器探讨汉语阅读障碍的脑机制特点,拓展汉语阅读障碍的研究领域。     

发展性阅读障碍的筛选标准

对发展性阅读障碍研究的回顾发现,不同研究之间在发展性阅读障碍的筛选标准上存在很大差异。不同研究者使用的发展性阅读障碍筛选标准主要包括:基于排除式定义的筛选标准、基于PASS理论的筛选标准、基于听力理解——阅读理解差异的筛选标准、基于语音意识的筛选标准和基于教育矫治效果的筛选标准。本文分析了这些筛选标准存在的不足,并提出了未来研究筛选标准的取向。     

A Critical Analysis of Siegel's Case for Revision of the Learning Disability Construct

In this paper I analyse Siegel's revisionist conceptualization of the learning disability concept. Siegel has attempted to demonstrate that the construct of learning disabilities is flawed because of its long‐term linkage with the variable of intelligence. The discrepancy formulation is the particular focus of her criticism. She has denigrated the use of IQ tests in LD diagnosis and argued that intelligence and reading measure many of the same abilities and therefore any difference between these two functions is confounded; that IQ is not a valid measure of reading potential in children with LD and normal populations; and that logical analysis and empirical research demonstrate that the concept of intelligence is redundant in any conception of learning disabilities. I present arguments against each of these propositions and several other matters raised in her paper. I propose two basic approaches to learning disabilities and give expression to these in two theoretical models, a simple categorical model (designated as Model C) and the underachievement model (Model D). I show that Siegel's interpretation is based on a weak version of Model C, but that this model fails to elucidate the essential meaning of the learning disability construct. I show that Model D is the more appropriate alternative. I contend that the application of standard regression procedures inherent in Model D would lead to a more appropriate definition of LD and that more stringent standards for the underachievement criterion would offset many of the problems that Siegel has highlighted in her paper.     

Componential Model of Reading (CMR): Validation Studies

The three current models of identifying learning disabilities: discrepancy model, RtI, and Componential Model of reading are discussed in terms of their utility.     

A conceptual overview of the regression discrepancy model for evaluating severe discrepancy between IQ and achievement scores

A conceptual overview of the Regression Discrepancy Model (RDM) for determining severe discrepancy between IQ and achievement scores is presented in order to enhance understanding of the model without the use of the complex mathematical equations that constitute the model. The six specific goals of the RDM are identified, and figures illustrate the manner in which the model accomplishes each goal. Figures are also provided from a RDM computer output showing the basic outcomes of the model. Advantages and disadvantages of the RDM are discussed to further promote understanding of the model.     

The reading efficiency model: an extension of the componential model of reading

The purpose of the present study was twofold: First, the authors investigated if an extended version of the component model of reading (CMR; Model 2), including decoding rate and oral vocabulary comprehension, accounted for more of the variance in reading comprehension than the commonly used measures of the cognitive factors in the CMR. Second, the authors investigated the fitness of a new model, titled the reading efficiency model (REM), which deviates from earlier models regarding how reading is defined. In the study, 780 Norwegian students from Grades 6 and 10 were recruited. Here, hierarchical regression analyses showed that the extended model did not account for more of the variance in reading comprehension than the traditional CMR model (Model 1). In the second part of the study the authors used structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the REM. The results showed that the REM explained an overall larger amount of variance in reading ability, compared to Model 1 and Model 2. This result is probably the result of the new definition of reading applied in the REM. The authors believe their model will more fully reflects students' differentiated reading skills by including reading fluency in the definition of reading.     

Cognitive Strategy Instruction for Mathematical Word Problem-solving of Students with Mathematics Disabilities in China

This study investigated the impact of cognitive strategy instruction (CSI) on mathematical word problem solving of students with mathematics disabilities. A sample of fourth-grade students in a Chinese primary school was divided into a treatment group (75 students) and a comparison group (75 students). The sample consisted of students with mathematics disabilities only, students with both mathematics and reading disabilities, as well as average- and high-achieving students. Results showed that students at all ability levels (except high-achieving students) in the treatment group outperformed significantly their counterparts in the comparison group; the intervention effect was stronger for students with mathematics disabilities only than for those with both mathematics and reading disabilities. The present study indicates that CSI is a contextually and pedagogically appropriate model that has a strong potential to improve mathematical word problem solving.     

Diagnosis and treatment of reading disabilities based on the component model of reading: an alternative to the discrepancy model of LD

Currently, learning disabilities (LD) are diagnosed on the basis of the discrepancy between students' IQ and reading achievement scores. Students diagnosed with LD often receive remedial instruction in resource rooms. The available evidence suggests that the educational policy based on this discrepancy model has not yielded satisfactory results. This has led researchers to try other paradigms, such as the component model and response to intervention, for dealing with children with reading disabilities. The component model of reading (CMR) described in the present article identifies the reading component that is the source of reading difficulty and targets instruction at that component. Study 1 describes the CMR and reports on its validity. Study 2 describes the successful outcome of a 7-year CMR-based reading instruction program. Compared to the discrepancy model, the CMR has demonstrated several advantages.     

Promising Practices for Providing Alternative Media to Postsecondary Students with Print Disabilities

For postsecondary students with disabilities influencing reading performance, printed class materials pose a substantial barrier and have a negative impact on academic achievement. Digital technologies offer alternative ways of accessing print materials for students with print‐related disabilities. Alternative media is a broad term that encompasses a variety of formats into which printed text is converted. Alternative media, together with assistive computer technologies designed to read aloud the text, provide a means to access textual information and bypass the difficult reading process. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of model programs and pertinent research on the use of alternative media by postsecondary students with print disabilities; we will identify promising practices for students whose disabilities negatively influence reading performance.