正义共识的困境分析

在前现代社会,人们对现存制度和个人行为的评价体系完全陷于意识形态、神圣观念、权力和国家的“信条”中,所以“共识”的霸权给人们并没有造成正义价值观念的明显分裂,共识在前现代社会并不是一个社会和理论问题。进入现代社会以来,社会的结构转型,现代化对传统的挑战,利益日趋分化,多元社会的形成,阶级、阶层结构的复杂化和分化,新旧全球化的转型,文明与文化的冲突及意识形态的分歧,使得正义的共识成为一个重要的难题。     

多元社会的价值重建——论社会主义核心价值体系的历史生成与自觉建构

现代社会最为显著的特征就是分化,但社会过度分化的背后隐藏的深层问题是由利益分化、贫富分化所引致的价值共识危机,问题的消解应该诉诸于"社会主义"价值共识的重塑。社会主义核心价值体系是社会主义"价值"在意识形态层面的展开,在西方"意识形态终结"的思潮背后潜藏着意识形态领域的危机,建构社会主义核心价值体系是对社会主义意识形态建设的理论和实践自觉。社会主义核心价值体系既是对世界性挑战和全球性问题的积极回应,也具有十分深厚的中国语境,"中国特色"社会主义核心价值体系必然是在中西古今各种价值观念的碰撞与融合、冲突与消解、传承与超越的历史生成过程中自觉建构起来的。     

我国主流意识形态与多元社会思潮之关系辨析

任何时代都不可能只有一种意识形态一统天下,都存在多元社会思潮,问题的关键在于主流意识形态与多元社会思潮之间是什么关系。如果多元社会思潮认同主流意识形态的理想社会目标,基本经济、政治、文化、社会制度的科学性和合理性,遵循共识的价值观和行为准则,那么,多元社会思潮对主流意识形态是依附、完善、丰富、相辅相成的关系,不会对主流意识形态构成威胁,不存在意识形态安全问题。如果多元社会思潮与主流意识形态在基本问题上存在严重分歧,那么,任其发展,就会出现颠覆性错误。因此,需要运用社会主义核心价值观来引领多元化社会思潮,发挥其积极作用,有效抵制或化解其消极作用,使中国特色社会主义事业沿着正确道路健康发展。     

论马克思主义哲学中的哲学责任

随着我国社会的进步和市场经济的发展,我国社会意识形态也随之出现了多元化的格局,这种格局的出现不是一种偶然,而是有着深刻的思想背景、思想条件和广泛的现实原因。因此,我们要在正确理解马克思主义哲学的基础上,分析了解我国社会意识形态多元化的现状和原因,进而深化研究探讨马克思主义哲学在我国多元化的意识形态中承担的历史责任。     

多元化背景下高校马克思主义意识形态教育

高校是马克思主义意识形态教育的重要阵地。多元化社会环境对大学生的思想观念、生活方式和人生价值观产生深刻影响,使高校马克思主义意识形态教育面临新的困境。探索多元化社会环境下高校马克思主义意识形态教育的策略、方法,有助于提高教育的针对性和实效性。     

论国家意识形态“高势位”建设与实现“引领”功能的基本方式——兼论六十年国家意识形态建设与引领成功经验的理论解读

从国家意识形态和＂高势位＂国家意识形态两个核心概念入手,阐述国家意识形态＂高势位＂建设的主要依据和基本内涵——＂高势位＂国家意识形态的五种品格：真理性品格、民族性品格、时代性品格、包容性品格和开放性品格。阐述了国家意识形态引领社会思潮的两种基本方式：第一,＂价值共识＂方式,即国家意识形态通过＂价值共识＂建设引领社会思潮;第二,＂价值整合＂方式,即国家意识形态通过＂价值整合＂引领社会思潮。同时,还阐述了＂合法性＂建设对国家意识形态引领社会思潮的支撑价值和建设方法。     

建设研究生教育学：方向之迷与路径之思

阐述了学科的内涵,认为学科是内在观念建制和外在社会建制的统一体。指出建设研究生教育学应该走“由外而内”的路线,在其内在观念建制还没有成熟的时候先建立外在社会建制,从而加快内在观念建制成长发展的步伐。认为建设研究生教育学,应扩大和加强学科外在社会建制的建设,以更加开放的姿态重新定位学科内在观念建制的建设方向。     

多元化背景下高校马克思主义意识形态教育探析

当前,多元化对社会生活的各个领域都产生了重大影响,也给高校马克思主义意识形态教育带来了严峻的挑战。我国高校马克思主义意识形态教育工作虽然已经取得了很大进展,但是面临的任务依然十分艰巨。为了应对多元化的冲击,增强马克思主义意识形态教育效果,高校必须坚持马克思主义在意识形态领域的指导地位、创新马克思主义意识形态教育方法、丰富高校马克思主义意识形态教育的内容、积极探索社会实践的长效机制。     

战后美国两党意识形态上的分歧与共识

在意识形态领域,战后美国两党主流分别代表新自由主义和新保守主义。二者之间的根本分歧源于对西方价值体系中自由和平等以及民主内部固有的深刻矛盾的认识不同。民主党重平等,而共和党重自由,由此导致两党在社会政治、经济、文化生活、道德领域乃至国际事务领域均持不同态度。两党意识形态上的共识主要体现为两党在基本的民主价值问题、社会经济和福利政策、外交政策等领域存在广泛的一致性。近年来,随着社会政治经济形势的变化,两党共识增多,"意识形态淡化"等论调开始盛行。     

我国社会主义意识形态合法性共识达成的辩证法分析

社会主义意识形态在社会主义政治结构中具有特殊的地位和作用,专注并加强社会主义意识形态合法性共识,是我们党进行主流意识形态建设的重要内容和建构政治合法性的必要路径。充分发挥思想政治教育的意识形态功能,是促成社会主义意识形态合法性共识达成的主要话语策略。基于思想政治教育意识形态功能的视角,对社会主义意识形态合法性进行疏解,探讨其表征,论证了社会主义意识形态合法性共识的生成,需在理念、方向、价值取向、对象和内容上坚持五点辩证法。     

试论“北京共识”视野下改革开放三十年中国经济发展战略

"北京共识"是西方视野下对中国发展模式的一种概括,其价值意蕴在于它代表了当今世界某种试图在"华盛顿共识"模式失败后在中国寻找中国经验和中国模式中国道路以挽救世界的努力和趋势,从"北京共识"的理论视野,反思中国在三十年改革开放伟大实践中所实施的改革开放战略、社会主义市场经济导向战略、创新战略、以人为本的价值追求战略等四大主体战略,"意识形态"等上层建筑的与时俱进战略、渐进式改革发展战略两大前提性战略及其理念,对进一步深入贯彻落实科学发展观,推动我国社会经济各项事业发展有着十分重要的意义。     

浅议舆论监督与司法公正

舆论监督在遏制司法腐败、维护社会正义方面起着积极作用,然而对司法公正也产生了不容忽视的负面影响,分析舆论监督存在的问题及原因,构建具有我国特色的新闻媒体监督机制势在必行。     

论同一认定的理论定位——同一认定是刑事侦查学的特定基础理论

同一认定是在侦查过程中,通过比较先后出现的特征而对客体是否同一作出的判断。同一认定是发现、控制、证实犯罪的主要方法和手段,是确定侦查方向、范围以及定罪量刑的依据。以基础理论为命题,系统分析侦查学的产生、发展过程,可以得出结论：同一认定理论是刑事侦查学的特定基础理论。     

民营企业社会责任的结构演化与培育机制——基于生命周期与利益相关者耦合视角的分析

民营企业应该承担社会责任已在全社会形成普遍共识,但民营企业具体应该承担哪些社会责任以及如何履行社会责任,目前尚无定论。因此,应从生命周期阶段与利益相关者的耦合视角,分析不同背景下民营企业社会责任内容结构的演化方向,进而探索相应的培育机制。     

Teachers’ Judgements of Students’ Performance: use of consensus,consistency and distinctiveness information

Teachers’ judgement of students’ performance may depend on how teachers mentally use performance information. The information covariance principle in Kelley's (1967) model of causal judgement was used to portray students’ performance data as consensus, consistency and distinctiveness information. Consensus data revealed a student's performance in relation to his/her classmates; consistency and distinctiveness data provided individuating information about the student. Analyses revealed that teachers relied mainly on consensus information in making both predictive and diagnostic judgements. They made limited use of individuating information. The findings imply that inaccuracy in teachers’ judgements of their students is partly due to the inappropriate strategy of mainly using consensus or comparative performance data.     

大学去行政化之“积极”与“稳妥”

目前关于大学行政化该不该＂去＂的认识并没有统一,对如何＂去＂的路径也颇多争议。对此,应在思想层面上坚持改革信念不动摇,发挥高校引领社会的功能,＂积极＂推进大学去行政化社会共识的达成,调动最广泛的社会力量全面参与;在具体操作上则＂稳妥＂设计好如何＂去＂的战略路径,通过推进社会大环境的改变,处理好大学自主发展与政府宏观管理的关系,处理好教授治学与校长治校的关系,寻求去行政化改革的示范性突破口等,争取去行政化改革最终取得成功。     

General population norms about child abuse and neglect and associations with childhood experiences

BACKGROUND: A variety of definitions of child abuse and neglect exist. However, little is known about norms in the general population as to what constitutes child abuse and neglect or how perceived norms may be related to personal experiences. METHODS: We conducted a random-digit-dialed telephone survey of 504 Washington State adults. Respondents were asked whether they believed each of 34 behaviors, identified in focus groups as possibly physically, sexually or emotionally abusive or neglectful, constituted abuse or neglect. Then, they were asked whether they had experienced 33 of the behaviors. RESULTS: Five of the six behaviors with the highest levels of consensus were for sexual abuse, whereas only one emotionally abusive behavior had a high level of consensus (95% agreement). Consensus that spanking constituted abuse increased with severity. Those respondents who reported experiencing a particular behavior were significantly less likely to believe the behavior abusive for 11 of the 33 behaviors and more likely to believe the behavior abusive for two of the behaviors. Where comparisons were possible, there was a high level of consensus that behaviors identified as abusive in Child Protective Service operational definitions constituted abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported childhood experiences were associated with perceived norms about child abuse. A better understanding of community norms about child abuse and neglect may be helpful in communicating with the public or allow for better targeting of educational messages through the media, parenting education classes, and so forth.     

农民工研究视角的转向：从整体到分化

伴随着中国社会结构的分化和城市化进程,农民工群体内部也逐渐分化,致使对农民工群体的整体式研究凸显出其局限性。农民工的分化事实引起了学者对农民工分化研究的关注,诸多研究涉及到职业分化、代际差异、社会权益、城市适应、区域差别等多个层面。研究梳理表明,从整体研究到分化研究是农民工研究的一个视角转向。本文认为,农民工内部分化应该成为进行农民工问题研究时的一个前提预设。但目前的分化研究也有存在一些不足之处,如个案研究结论的普适性问题、农民工内部分化的标准模糊化问题及缺少对农民工从主体角度进行的主观心理研究等等。     

Differentiating physical discipline from abuse: Q findings from Chinese American mothers and pediatric nurses

The perception and use of physical discipline (PD) is culture-based, and the differentiation between PD and abuse is subjective and complex. The purpose of this study was to understand how Chinese American mothers and one group of mandated reporters of child abuse (i.e. pediatric nurses) differentiate PD from abuse. Using Q-methodology, 3 viewpoints on PD and abuse differentiation were uncovered from a sample of 35 Chinese American mothers and 48 pediatric nurses. Although there was wide consensus on the most acceptable and most unacceptable parent discipline behaviors across the 3 views, the acceptability of punishments differed by their potential to inflict injury, pain, or incite fear and uncertainty. This was the first study to examine PD and abuse differentiation based on 5 definable domains of PD (i.e. specific behavior, intention, delivery, outcome, and pattern of use). Findings point to important nuances in how some mothers and nurses differentiate abuse from acceptable discipline, and the potential for using Q-methodology for exploring PD and abuse differentiations across diverse cultural, social, and professional groups.     

Building on Each Other’s Ideas: A Social Mechanism of Progressiveness in Whole-Class Collective Inquiry

In recent decades, important advances have been made in understanding how discursive symmetry can be achieved in whole-class dialogue. However, very little is known about how this dialogue may progress in the sense of critically linking ideas in coherent lines of collective inquiry. This article investigates this issue by analyzing 4 consecutive sessions of a science class with children ages 8 to 10 and identifies a social mechanism that can explain the emergence of progressiveness in collective inquiry. The identified mechanism consists of a series of iterations of the sequence (Direction) → Inference ? Observation ? Consensus → Fixation. This sequence enables the transition from local to collective agency and meaning. Direction creates a gap in a semantic structure, leading to the local formation of an inference. This inference then escalates through observation and consensus before finally being fixed through the creation of an artifact that reifies it as a collective meaning. Based on this collective meaning, a new direction leads to a new local inference, and the cycle begins again.