树木的拍摄

树木与人类息息相关,不论自觉或不自觉。人们都意识到,这个世界用于呼吸的空气,环境地球的大气,以及培植未来生物的土壤,全都依赖于树木的存在。人们应该利用摄影去表现春．夏、秋、冬四季树木的形态,表达树木的个性,抒发对大自然热爱的情感,通过摄影活动唤起人们保护自然的意识。     

从北京奥运会谈我国教练员、运动员的职业道德

2008年第29届奥林匹克运动会将在我国首都北京举行,这将会对我国的体育事业产生强大的推动力.我国教练员、运动员职业道德水平的高低将直接影响举办奥运会的质量.因此,我们要加强对教练员、运动员职业道德的培养,以奥运的目标管理他们,在奥运会的赛场上展现出我们最为优秀的一面.     

牵挂

沿着时代的气息,紧跟时代的潮流,我来到了这条繁华的大街。虽然这里的一切都让我驻足,但我依然没有忘记自己身上还藏着故乡的味道。眼前的大道甚是辉煌,但我的余光依然穿越千山万水,注视着故地的苍凉。春去夏来,我依然割舍不断心中的那份牵挂,历历在目的仍是故乡的风筝,门前的小树……     

创造力=人×(信息+知识)

员工中最缺乏的是什么?99%的领导者的答案是缺乏创造性思维.那么,你的公司投入了足够的时间和资源培养员工的创新能力吗? 一个很有意思的问题是:你能想象出10个人类做不到的事情吗?在笔者做过的全球25个国家1400多场同样的测验中,得到的最普遍的答案是飞翔、时光倒流、长生不老、返老还童等等.这些答案虽然正确,但是每个人都知道,这是知识,并不是想象力.     

智慧灵光:人类有史以来最伟大的100项发明发现

发明与发现是社会进步的车轮。发明与发现是一个国家的骄傲与光荣,同时又是全人类共同的文化财富。没有发明与发现的民族,无疑是最悲哀和可怜的民族。没有发明与发现的国家,注定要承受羞愧受辱的命运。人类的历史是发明与发现的历史。古往今来,已有数不清的发明与发现问世,遗憾的是人们在享受这些智慧灵光所带来的进步与便捷的同时,却很少会回眸深望,仔细思考它们的重大意义。从本期开始,我们将陆续遴选出涉及18大类共100项古今中外最具代表性的发明与发现奉献给读者。这些发明发现至今影响着我们社会生活的方方面面,基本反映人类发明与发现的总体面貌。本期首先推出的是如今最让老百姓食之忧患,弃之不能的食品饮料篇。发明与发现的总     

媒体广告与梅州地区受众互动关系剖析

随着我国经济的腾飞,我国大众传播媒体的飞速发展,广告已无孔不入地进入中国民众的生活中.广告对人们的影响日益广泛而深入.作为广东省相对经济落后的梅州地区,也与众多的城市地区一样,无时无刻不处于媒体广告信息的笼罩之下.媒体广告对梅州社会的影响已经不仅仅限于向受众提供商品信息,创造需求以刺激产品的销售量,还对梅州人消费行为、生活观念、生活方式等带来了较大的影响和变化.     

基于技术引进、消化吸收的自主创新困境及消解对策

实现技术、经济的持续发展必须重视技术引进后的消化和吸收再创新.国家对于技术引进应有明确的战略目标,必须形成一套机制,有效地对国内企业实现激励、导向和制约的作用,促进企业技术引进后能够消化吸收进行自主创新.必须坚持制度创新,建立现代企业制度,使企业真正成为技术引进的主体、技术创新的主体.企业在引进技术时必须注重技术引进的先进性及本土化,技术引进后必须加大研发投入量并最终形成拥有自主知识产权的核心专利技术.     

浅谈厨房、卫生问设计中新技术应用

在目前的住宅中,厨房卫生间已从原来的辅助空间上升为与起居室、卧室同样被居民所重视的空间.由于其具有很强的功能性,故被称为住宅的"心脏",它是功能多,使用频繁的空间,它的合理性直接影响到居民的生活质量,成为体现一套住宅卫生、安全、舒适的一个重要因素.由于它容纳产品类别最多,各种管线集中在不大的空间内,涉及专业多,工种多、且必须符合各种规范的要求,设计和施工安装复杂,技术难度很大.     

浅谈城市与城市公共交通系统

交通问题已经成为焦点的汽车时代,公共交通的优势日益明显,国家政策的扶持,在城市交通系统中的地位提升,对城市发展的作用,都体现了公共交通不可替代的位置.结合每个城市的特点,建设一套与城市相匹配的城市公共交通系统是必要的.与城市发展相匹配,带动城市的发展,提高公共交通系统的适用性.     

中国高校的专利寿命与商业化动机——以上海市的三所高校为例

中国高校的专利表现出了显著的重数量、轻维持的特征,非商业化的专利申请动机被认为是主要原因,有必要进行深入挖掘。本文探讨了商业化动机的概念,采用计量学方法,讨论了中国所有高校及华东理工大学、上海交通大学、东华大学3所高校的专利动机,并尝试主要以专利寿命为依据对商业化动机的强弱进行评估。研究发现,中国高校的专利不但平均寿命较短,而且在年费补贴结束时有大量的专利集中失效,反映了非商业化的动机广泛存在。改进考核评价体系,引入针对商业化的考核项目是可行的解决问题的方法。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese     

More than Skin Deep – Understand Skin Biology by Means of Dermatogenomics

<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages.