Issues in Chinese Language Teaching in Australian Schools

Abstract

The teaching of Chinese in Australian primary and secondary schools has a history of more than 40 years, but it has only been in the past two decades that it has become widespread. Nonetheless, until the last year, of the six most taught languages in schools, Chinese has had by far the smallest number of students. Several factors contribute to maintaining this situation, key among which are the greater time it takes students to master Chinese compared to other languages; the still underdeveloped pedagogy and resources for making learning Chinese an intellectually stimulating educational experience; and the impossibility of achieving good exam results due to the overwhelming number of students of Chinese background already proficient in the language. The result has been a uniform 95% drop out rate from early on. The factors involved in creating this situation are explained and concrete proposals made for improving the situation which take account of newly created gains and advocate collaborative work between those involved in teaching Chinese as an international language inside and outside China in helping to close the gaps.     

来华接受学历教育学生的跨文化适应研究--以社会经历为视角

基于对25名来自7国正在接受来华学历教育的国际学生之焦点团体访谈定性实证资料,结合应用根据Likert五分量表法设计的“封闭式问题”所获定量数据及中国官方网站和可信赖媒体报道等文献资料,以Bourdieu的文化资本及Hofstede的文化价值取向为理论基础,比照文化适应“资本-个性转换”理论范式,考察国际生留学中国的真实社会经历。研究结论：在文化适应“U-曲线”和“W-曲线”的“危机期”和“适应初期”,跨文化适应指导及社会支持至关重要。对新来乍到的国际学生在其“危机期”和“适应初期”开设跨文化适应导入课程及组织较多社会活动和增加社会支持有助于他们尽早进入“恢复期”和“适应期”以顺利完成留华学历教育。     

Instructors' uses,experiences, thoughts and suggestions regarding Calibrated Peer Review

This paper presents a qualitative study conducted with faculty members who participated in a project funded by the National Science Foundation focusing on student development with Calibrated Peer Review (CPR)?, a web‐based tool created to promote writing and critical‐thinking skills. The purpose of the study was to gain an understanding of faculty members' thoughts and opinions about CPR. Interviews with 12 faculty members – six in biology, three in physics and three in mathematics – were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed. Findings revealed various aspects of instructors' experiences, thoughts and opinions regarding CPR. Findings provided information about how instructors used CPR, how CPR helped their teaching and enhanced students' critical‐thinking skills and writing skills, and positive and challenging aspects of CPR, as well as various observations and suggestions for others using CPR.     

比较教育研究方法的发展与争论及其对中国比较教育的意义

在回顾和分析比较教育研究方法的发展和争论、人文主义方法和科学方法的争论、定性的和定量的研究方法的争论以及是否应该发展特定的比较教育的研究方法的基础上。文章提出,中国比较教育在新世纪不仅担负着介绍世界上其他国家教育经验的任务。也有把中国教育实践介绍到世界的责任,为此要提高研究方法的水平。     

让语文教育适合生命成长——我的语文教学主张的建构

每个教师都应有教学主张,我的语文教学主张是"让语文教育适合生命成长"。这个主张是根据生命发展需要、教育本质的追寻、教育研究的启迪、语文价值的寻觅而建构的。我们把适合生命成长作为语文教育的核心价值、主要内容、基本途径和重要方法。这基于人的生命追求成长,生命成长需要语文教育;不同的教育对人的生命成长影响不同,每个人都期盼得到适合的语文教育。为此,建构自己的操作模式:确定适合生命成长的语文教育价值,重构适合生命成长的语文教育内容,建构适合生命成长的语文教育途径,探究适合生命成长的语文教育方法。     

国际教育和职业发展之关系研究——以中国留英学生为例

国际教育在全球化时代已成为培养二十一世纪人才十分重要之途径。通过与12名接受英国高等教育的博士毕业生个人访谈,分析研究对象之定性、定量数据,发现国际教育有助于积累个人文化资本,其本身包含着明显的象征资本。得出结论：留英经历对中国学生个人事业发展和取得成功起着里程碑的作用;国际教育影响中国高层次人才之培养。     

汉语歧义句研究：理论、方法与总结

歧义是自然语言中普遍存在的一个语言现象。歧义句是指同一表层结构对应着两种或两种以上的深层含义。对歧义句的研究已经日益成为语句理解的重要研究领域,因为探讨歧义句有助于了解人类语言加工系统的一般机制。首先,对歧义句的理论模型与研究方法进行了回顾;其次,对歧义句的相关研究进行了综述;最后,对汉语歧义句的研究进行了总结。     

理工科学历留学生汉语预备教育存在的问题与改进措施

本文在分析理工科学历留学生汉语预备教育存在问题的基础上,提出增加课时、优化课程设置、提高教师认识、合理选择教材、开展后续教育等相应的改进措施,以使学历留学生更快更好地适应专业学习。     

Peer Review in Education: Promoting Collaboration, Written Expression, Critical Thinking, and Professional Responsibility

This article discusses the application of the peer review process as a pedagogical instrument for the promotion of written expression, collaborative work, critical thinking, and professional responsibility among Informatics and Engineering majors. The approach is introduced with a motivation, followed by a discussion about common principles of current learning paradigms and the peer review process. This work is being conducted in Brazil, where we intend to promote a learning paradigm shift through the application of peer review in education. A framework for this application is outlined, together with an account of results from experiences and a discussion about the skills that this approach exercises, especially with regard to widely accepted curricula and codes of ethics and professional conduct. Further research and development efforts are conjectured.     

迈向2035的教育:国际智慧与中国行动

美国于2006年进行了关于2030年教育和学习构想的调查。自此,国际上争相以"教育2030"作为未来教育的阶段性表达,构想未来教育的理论研讨和行动实践,并逐渐衍生出"教育2030""学习2030""教学2030"等诸多研究成果。为进一步推动中国教育的现代化建设,我国于2019年印发了《中国教育现代化2035》。为探索迈向2035年的中国教育行动实践,以"教育2030"国际智慧为镜鉴,结合当前我国教育发展现状,探索融入2035年世界教育的中国智慧,成为迫切之举。     

Working-class students,habitus, and the development of student roles: a Canadian case study

As their numbers at university grow, we need to gain a better understanding of the different ways in which working-class students negotiate their potential outsider status in what is often considered an essential middle-class institution. Based on data from a four-year longitudinal, qualitative study of working-class students at a Canadian university, I argue that their acceptance of the ends and means of both the academic and social demands of university contributes to the development of different student roles, which in turn affects their likelihood to succeed academically. Drawing on works by Bourdieu and Bernstein, I present four case studies of students who lived through university committed, alienated or in transition toward either commitment or alienation. I show that despite similar working-class backgrounds, study participants’ reaction to university was anything but predictable. Instead, prior socialization, clear and realistic career goals, and chance encounters at university played an important role in their approach to university life.     

中国留学生在美国状况探析:跨文化适应和挑战

本文从跨文化的角度梳理了中国留学生在美国的跨文化适应和挑战。一方面从文化、社会生活、和就业移民的状况来考察中国学生群体在美国的跨文化适应情况;另一方面依据访谈数据,从学业方面、社会—文化方面和个人生活等方面探讨了中国学生在美国所遇到的压力和挑战。本文旨在全面反馈海外留学生的生存图景,为国家的海外留学预警工作提供实证指导。     

当前我国(大陆)小学社会科研究述评

1992年 ,我国大陆正式启动小学社会课程。随之展开的是各种各样的研究和探索。内容包括 :在小学开设社会科的意义和价值 ;小学社会科的目的、课程性质、课程内容、课程结构 ;小学社会科的教学目标、教学原则、教学模式、教学方法 ;小学社会科的教材研究 ;小学社会科的比较研究以及一些相关学科领域的具体研究等等。总的看来 ,我国大陆小学社会科的研究还相当薄弱 ,尤其是理论方面仍有很多有待深入探讨和澄清的问题 ,历史研究也是一个空白 ,从实际出发的原则还应进一步强化 ,实验探索和经验总结亟需提高质量和水平。     

我国大学通识教育:内涵及实施研究述评

关于通识教育的内涵,存在着广义和狭义的理解,并与博雅教育、通才教育、素质教育等有着复杂的关系。关于通识教育的实施,研究者们认为在培养目标、课程设置、实施渠道、教学评价机制和制度因素等多方面存在许多问题。对于这些问题,已有研究主要从历史与现实的角度进行了归因。关于深化大学通识教育的对策,研究者们提出了合理定位通识教育、改革通识课程、加强机构与制度保障等多方面建议。面向未来社会发展对高等教育人才培养的要求,通识教育研究还需要深入挖掘通识的本质,进一步明确通识教育的内涵,深入思考如何在大学教育教学改革实践中充分体现通识教育的精神,同时努力在国际化背景下形成具有中国特色的通识教育认识体系。     

Pathway from vocational education and associate degree to higher education: Chinese international students in Australia

Understanding factors influencing international students' decision to engage in international education is essential for education providers to better cater for students' educational expectations and enhance their attractiveness to international students. Whilst there has been extensive research on the reasons why international students undertake cross-border higher education, international students' motivations for enrolling in vocational education and associate degree programmes are still under-researched. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 30 international students from China, this research found that pathway to higher education appears to be the most important factor motivating international students to undertake vocational education and associate degree programmes. In addition, prospect of immigration, English language proficiency, previous academic performance, agent's recommendations and relatives' and friends' advice are amongst the important factors that students take into account in their decision to choose vocational education and associate degree programmes. This research also examines why Chinese international students have chosen vocational education programmes in a dual-sector university over vocational education colleges. It found that the flexibility to articulate to higher education, international reputation of the programme, practical training and favourable location are key issues that these students draw on when making their decision to study in a dual-sector university.     

我国数学教育研究状况、地位及成因分析

对我国教学教育研究状况特别是欠缺进行了简述,分析了其成因,并主要就数学教育研究的地位提出了一些看法．     

Peer Support: Relations between the context,process and outcomes for the students who are supported

In this paper an investigation of the outcomesof a Peer Support scheme for the students whoare supported is reported. It was found thatattendance at Peer Support sessions waspositively and significantly correlated toacademic performance. This relationship wasfound even when prior levels of academicperformance were controlled for. However, itwas also found that students who attended PeerSupport sessions adopted less meaningorientated approaches to studying over thecourse of the academic year. It is argued thatthis is an indication that the quality of thelearning of these students fell. Qualitativeevidence suggests that this change in approachwas in response to an increased awareness ofthe assessment demands of the course and thatthese students had become more strategicallyorientated in their approach to studying as aresult of their attendance at Peer Supportsessions. It is argued that these resultssuggest that the outcomes and operation of thisPeer Support scheme were influenced by thecontext in which it operated. Two implicationsof these findings are discussed.     

语文核心素养评价:实施路径与未来展望

在辨析语文核心素养基本特征的基础上,我们建构"433模型"和语文关键能力框架,研制了语文核心素养评价工具。通过纸笔测试考查高中学生语文核心素养发展状况,基于测试数据探讨了语文核心素养发展水平层级、语文关键能力表现等焦点问题。语文核心素养评价研究对我们探讨未来高考命题和学业评价改革等议题具有重要参照价值。     

抗战时期安徽战场国共两党敌后战场研究述评

关于抗战时期安徽战场国共两党敌后战场的研究还很薄弱,应当进一步研究.文章首先介绍研究两党敌后战场的文献、专著、报刊、论文等资料情况,然后介绍研究两党敌后战场的形成发展、两党敌后战场的关系、地位与作用及皖南事变原因的主要论点,最后强调对问题的比较研究和个案研究.     

Developments and trends in synthesizing diverse forms of evidence: beyond comparisons between distance education and classroom instruction

This paper describes a range of models and methods for synthesizing diverse forms of research evidence. Although this topic is applicable to many contexts (e.g. education, health care), the focus here is on the research traditions of distance education and online learning. Thirteen models and methods are described, and seven examples from distance education and online learning are used to illustrate them. The models are classified as systematic, purposeful, and mixed and are described and compared in terms of purpose, methodological aspects, and expected outcomes.