The freedom of religion and the freedom of education in twenty-first-century Belgium: a critical approach

In spite of recent tendencies of secularisation and religious pluralism, most Belgian schools are Catholic schools, where Roman Catholic religious education is a compulsory subject. As we will argue, this can lead to a de facto undermining of the freedom of religion and education and a shift in the system is therefore required. In the long term, the number of Catholic schools should be in proportion with the number of students/parents choosing these schools. In the short term, however, this strategy is not recommended and for pragmatic reasons, we propose a system in which religious education in substantially subsidised faith-based schools is no longer compulsory. We will argue that such a system does not lead to an infringement of the (internal) freedom of religion of faith-based institutions and that it will guarantee more educational and religious freedom than the current system does.     

美国宪法与美国宗教信仰自由

美国宪法和联邦最高法院的宪法性判例将宗教信仰自由作为基本人权加以保护,并具体从信仰自由和政教分离两方面进行界定,使宗教信仰自由作为一种宪法观念深入人心。但美国是一个极具基督教传统的国家,信教者人数众多,因而美国的信教自由和政教分离又十分不彻底,这不仅表现在生活中,而且体现在法律上。     

湘西宗教研究述评

学术界对湘西宗教的关注较早,在20世纪40-50年代,石启贵、凌纯声等苗族学者系统地整理了湘西宗教的相关资料。经过"文革"时期的沉寂,20世纪80年代涌现出一大批研究成果,主要集中在对宗教仪式环节中的符号分析、对宗教仪式变迁及其功能的考察、对宗教现象的艺术学研究等方面。尽管成果颇丰,还存在不足,在研究对象上多局限于宗教仪式、宗教现象等方面,忽略了宗教文化外化的物质实体——坛庙宫观寺院等宗教建筑;在研究方法上以田野调查、符号分析、历史考证等抽象描述为主,很少使用科学的量化分析研究。因此,有待加强运用量化分析的方法对坛庙宫观寺院等宗教建筑进行研究。     

试论全纳教育与人权

全纳教育作为当今一种最新的国际教育思潮,其核心理念之一便是:教育即人权、反对教育中和社会上的排斥与歧视。自20世纪90年代以来,我国已关注到人权问题的重要性。作为人权的一个重要组成部分——公民平等的受教育权,也成为我国社会发展中关注的焦点。全纳教育正是基于教育即人权的理念,运用人权观,从多学科的视角和方法来分析教育和社会问题,因此具有较为深刻和深远的社会意义。     

人权视野中的受教育权问题初探

人权是人类成员即所有的人都应享有的基本权利，人权的存在形态是由应有权利、法定权利和实有权力构成的互相关联的体系。“受教育权”是一种基本的人权，它具有神圣性、不可缺少性、不可取代性和不可转让性。“受教育权”主要由“受教育机会权”、“受教育条件权”与“获取受教育结果权”构成。从应有、法定与实有三个方面来考察“受教育权”，我国公民之“受教育权”的保障与实现取得了巨大成就，但在新形势下也存在不少问题，分析和研究之，有重要的意义。     

“乞讨权”的法理分析——从人权和自由的角度

"乞讨权"的提法不甚科学,乞讨不是人权或权利,而是一种"自然自由"和实现"救济权"的手段。自由的行使都是有限度的,即不能侵害他人利益和社会公共利益;手段的行使也有合法与非法之别;这为政府"限制乞讨"提供了道德基础和法律基础。乞讨不是人权,也不是目的,但以乞讨为手段实现的社会"救济权"却是人权。容忍"乞讨"是行善和文明的表现;适度地"限制乞讨"则是一种更大的文明,而且也符合国际人权公约的原则和规定。     

An ethnographic eye on religion in everyday life

There are many pitfalls associated with teaching about religions. One such pitfall entails the risk of presenting religions as stereotypical monolithic systems; that is, all who belong to a particular religious tradition think and act in the same way. I like to call this sort of stereotyping the ‘robotic tendency’ because it has a habit of reducing practitioners to robot-like beings that uniformly perform identical actions. This article concerns how the adoption of what I have termed an ‘ethnographic eye’ can help educators to avoid both unfortunate stereotypes and the robotic tendency when teaching about religions.     

论教育学研究者的多元意识--教育学研究方法论探讨之一

教育学研究不能妄自把自己所理解的“一种”“可能”看成是“惟一可能”。因而教育学研究一定要有可能性域、可能世界的理念背景,要有自己的教育理想,并去实现更丰富的可能性域与可能世界－通过价值、真理与方法的多元共性。     

对宗教和党的宗教信仰自由政策的几点认识

宗教信仰问题与民族团结和社会稳定息息相关.要处理好宗教问题,就必须在科学认识宗教的起源和实质的基础上,全面领会并正确贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策.     

Counter-Extremism in British Schools: Ensuring Respect for Parents’ Rights Over Their Children’s Religious Upbringing

The UK Government’s PREVENT strategy to counter radicalisation and extremism has been the subject of criticism. Concerns arise over clarity of purpose, clarity of terminology used and potential human rights impacts. Where the policy engages with schools, one human right potentially engaged is the right of parents to transfer their religious beliefs to their children. This paper looks at how PREVENT risks negatively impacting on this right. It proposes a way that this risk can be reduced by adopting a proactive approach to the Government’s security concerns which is centred on human rights education.     

保持共产党员先进性与全面贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策

文章认为在保持共产党员先进性教育活动中,全面贯彻落实党的宗教信仰自由政策,首先就要确立马克思主义宗教观,认真对待部分党员信教问题。其次,文章还探讨了保持党员先进性,在全面正确贯彻党的宗教信仰自由政策中的体现:即正确地认识社会主义初级阶段处理宗教问题的“两性一过程”;在团结和做好信教群众工作的同时,也要做好在全社会开展科学无神论的宣传工作,走出认识上的三个误区。     

On the Historical and Ideal Nature of Human Rights: reading Human Rights and Human Diversity by A.J.M.Milne

Taking as its exegetic point of departure Peirce's outline of a semiotic theory of cognition from the mid 1890s, this paper explores the relevance of this outline to a theory of learning and also to a broader, normative vision of education. Firstly, besides providing for fallibilism in philosophical inquiry Peirce's outline accords with critical strategies of his fellow pragmatists, such as William James's detection of the ‘psychologist's fallacy’ and John Dewey's rejection of the ‘philosophical fallacy’. It is pointed out that this merit of Peirce's outline is due to his abstract and often neglected notion of a prespecialised scientific intelligence. Secondly, the paper shows that Peirce's semiotic approach to prescientific learning processes conditioning all kinds of theoretical activity may indeed complement James's and Dewey's contributions: giving careful attention to the work of linguistic and paralinguistic signs in such learning processes Peirce's analysis captures indexical and iconic aspects, as well as symbolic aspects of linguistic interaction and experientially constrained dialogue. Following Peirce's analysis the paper considers how the iconicity of linguistic structure, ostensive acts and the practical situatedness of language use are pre‐conditions of experiential learning in every day life as well as in scientific learning. It is also shown how this semiotic analysis is connected with Peirce's important notion of abduction. Finally, it is pointed out that a broader vision of education may issue from Peirce's semiotic analysis and that such a vision would emphasise that the life experience of individuals entering educational institutions should be made to bear on the objectives as well as the teaching practices of educational institutions.     

我国宪法文本中的教育关系规范分析

制订中的国家“中长期教育改革和发展规划”应符合宪法,因此对宪法文本中的教育关系规范进行分析厘清成了当务之急。通过明确宪法所勾勒出的教育关系图,可以发现宪法文本中不够确定的教育关系内容。     

论教师权利的二重性——公民权与教育权

教师是履行教育、教学职责的专业人员。确定教师权利需要从教师作为普通公民和作为教育者两个方面出发来加以理解,教师的教育权在教师权利中具有身份的专属性。当教师享有的公民权和教育权发生冲突的时候,教师的教育权是处于第一位的。     

教育行政的理念——从“小学生为过往车辆敬礼”说起

贵州黄平县教育局推广“小学生为过往车辆敬礼”礼仪的行为,说明了当前教育行政价值理念的迷失。首先,该行为是越权的不合理的行政指导行为。而合法合理恰是教育行政价值的底线。其次,该行为中教育行政部门没有恪守教育中立的理念,侵犯了学生的良心自由。最后,教育行政部门没有意识教育行政应当以教育权的实现为目标。     

关于家庭教育权的若干思考

家庭教育权,不仅指家长对其子女施加教育的权利,还应当包括家长接受提升其教育素养之教育的权利。在终身教育、终身学习和学习化社会三大理念的指导下,成人教育应当在家庭教育方面有所为,开设家庭教育培训课程,以此提升家长的教育素养,从而提高家庭教育的质量。     

Clipping our dogmatic wings: The role of religion’s Parerga in our moral education

Abstract

In a note introduced into the second edition of Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (1794), Kant assigns a systematic role to the General Remarks at the end of each Part of his book. He calls those Remarks, “as it were, parerga to religion within the boundaries of pure reason; they do not belong within it yet border on it” (RGV 6:52). As Kant sees them, the parerga are only a “secondary occupation” that consists in removing transcendent obstacles. This paper is skeptical of Kant's view. It proposes an alternative account, according to which the parerga are essential to our moral education, since they force human reason to confront its own limitations and resist the urge to take refuge in spurious religious beliefs. That urge, I argue, is linked to the propensity to evil, and uses religious orthodoxy to undermine moral religion. By clipping our dogmatic wings, the parerga encourage reason to face its own dialectical tendencies and direct its speculative interest to immanent practical use. This redirection counteracts the debilitating effects of the propensity to evil and plays a key role in our moral regeneration. To consider the parerga “derivative,” as Kant himself does, is therefore a grave mistake.     

Religion in education policy in South Africa: a challenge of change

Since 1995, the National Department of Education has developed a number of policies to give effect to the proposed transformation outlined in White Paper 1 (Notice 196 of 1995) and in subsequent legislation. A range of Acts and policies were introduced, many of them dealing with how religion should be dealt with in schools and it culminated in the promulgation of the National Policy on Religion and Education (2003). In all these policies the role of the school and, in particular, of the school principal has been foregrounded as important for effective implementation of policies. This article is based on research conducted to determine how school principals dealt with religion and the implementation of the religion and education policy. This study found that school principals often ignore the policy and maintain the status quo. When faced with conflict of religious interests, they partially sub-contract into the policy. The study also found that past experiences with religion in education, either as students or educators, had a major impact on how principals perceive the role of religion in schools and how they dealt with it.     

论农民工子女的受教育权

农民工是我国改革开放和工业化、城镇化进程中涌现的一支新型劳动大军,是我国广大农村联系城市的纽带。伴随我国城市化进程的加快,越来越多的农民工涌入城市,对我国的现代化建设作出了重大贡献。然而,农民工子女的受教育现状却不容乐观,留守儿童和流动儿童的受教育权还存在缺陷。我国以户籍地为中心的教育管理模式和城乡二元结构体制的差异,是农民工子女尤其是流动儿童受教育权的两大障碍。解决好农民工子女的受教育权问题,成为统筹城乡发展,保障农民工合法权益,构建社会主义和谐社会的重要问题。     

论儿童权利的本性及其教育诉求

儿童权利是儿童凭借特殊的身份而享有的正当自由或者利益,这些正当自由或者利益是由道德以及法律所规约的.法律或者道德在确认儿童享有这些正当的自由或者利益时,明确赋予了父母、教师、一般社会公众以及国家所承担的相应义务.受教育权是儿童的一项积极权利,也是儿童的一项基本权利,这一权利的保障对儿童实现其他权利具有基础性和关键性作用.儿童权利对教育提出了承认、尊重和认真对待自身权利的根本性诉求.