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1.
通过空间属性与城市发展、资本逻辑下的城市四维空间衍化的分析,提出了极不稳定的空间格局极易被打破,从而导致以空间利益失衡为基本特征的"城市危机",并进一步提出了中国城市空间变迁的危机与挑战。  相似文献   

2.
This article, based on qualitative research in Greater Manchester, examines the experience of migrants in navigating the education system, and in particular in choosing secondary schools for their children. There has been extensive research on the process of choosing schools since the policy reforms of the 1980s, but none has examined how the process of choosing a secondary school is impacted by the material and affective impact of migration. The article argues that migrants’ experience is embedded in gendered, classed and racialised processes and that, despite the heterogeneity of the category, migrants often face particular barriers in negotiating the school system. Nonetheless it also explores the importance put on education by the migrants who were interviewed and the active labour they engage in to try and achieve the best results for their children.  相似文献   

3.
作为两种不同文化资本形式,"学业资本"和"品味资本"分别是以学业、学术、学问为基础的文化资本和以品味、格调、情趣为基础的文化资本。相比品味资本而言,学业资本在阶层差异方面表现不是很明显,因而更有利于弱势阶层学生在应试教育体制下实现上向流动。相比学业资本而言,品味资本与素质教育的目标联系更为紧密,在学习过程和交往过程中,以及在考试选拔的过程中,不同阶层的学生最终还是能拉开彼此之间的距离。  相似文献   

4.
学校变革的一般理论及其反思——社会资本的视角   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
盛冰 《教育学报》2007,3(4):45-50
学校变革的一般理论主要包括结构主义的观点、冲突主义的观点、技术的观点、文化的观点以及市场的观点。结构主义的观点更多地把学校看作是一个保守性的组织;冲突主义观点相对地漠视学校日常生活的现实;技术的观点趋向于用“技术的方法”来改造学校;文化的观点主张把学校塑造成一个“价值共同体”;市场的观点重视选择但拉大了学校之间的差距。通过对这些理论或模式细致的总结和反思,指出其中一些理论或模式在新的历史条件下存在的种种不足。随着社会资本理论的提出,在一定程度上对上述理论进行了修正或补充,从而为当今的学校变革提供了一种新的改革理念。  相似文献   

5.
学校为适应环境,必须及时准确地获取环境变动的信息以及应对变动所需的资源.学校社会资本的利用,有助于学校提高觉察和应对环境变动的灵敏度.学校成员个体社会资本能帮助学校获得环境变动的信号和应对资源.通过中间群体层次充分开发个人社会资本,尽量使其转化为学校的社会资本,是学校适应环境的主要途径之一.  相似文献   

6.
现代学校制度变革:正式制度与制度社会资本的有效配合   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
盛冰 《教育学报》2005,1(2):65-70
科层化、官僚化的教育体制已使学校变成一个毫无生气的组织,一个不能激发人的主动性和创造性的组织。现代学校制度的危机就在于制度社会资本的下降。因此,当今改革的一条重要途径是让学校成为“自组织”治理体系,让其中的制度社会资本即非正式制度“复活”或“再生”,即充分发挥习俗、规范、学校化、学校氛围、隐蔽课程的作用,因为它们往往比正式制度具有更好的潜在约束作用,更能节约交易费用,从而更有利于学校发展。但是,良好的制度设计应该是正式制度与非正式制度达到有效配合。  相似文献   

7.
现代学校制度在西方建立以来,一直遭受人们的批判,其中以"非学校化运动"为代表的教育思潮打破了制度化价值的神化,促使人们以理性的眼光重新审视现代学校制度.近年来,西方学校制度进行了一系列的变革,从社会资本的角度而言,其共同特征就是试图重建制度社会资本.良好的学校制度应该是正式制度和制度社会资本的有机统一,过分强化正式制度的作用,忽视制度社会资本的价值,只会导致现代学校制度的危机.  相似文献   

8.
弱势群体教师:内涵、问题、原因及其策略研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于权力诉求及利益获得的视角,教师群体可以分为优势群体教师和弱势群体教师.弱势群体教师问题的出现是社会分层在教育领域的具体体现.在政策制定、物质保障以及人文关怀等方面适当向弱势群体教师倾斜,这不仅有利于教师队伍整体质量的提高,而且也是实现教育均衡发展的关键途径.  相似文献   

9.
    
This study investigates the links between race, school choice and educational stratification in South Africa. It focuses on racial differences in families’ efforts to take advantage of choice by transferring to opportunity (i.e., transferring to a school perceived to offer students better access to educational opportunity than their current school) and explores the implications of those transfers for emerging patterns of racial stratification in access to high quality schools. Findings reveal significant racial variation in transfers to opportunity and suggest a complex link between race and the ways in which historically disadvantaged groups have engaged with the post-apartheid educational opportunity structure.  相似文献   

10.
    
This study examines the differential patterns of school success of rural students as a result of China’s market transition. The process dimension, how families from different social backgrounds within rural society get involved in rural schooling and how this contributes to the inequality of school success within rural society, is investigated. The data analysis suggests that schools as institutions provide few official channels for rural parents to participate in rural schools and help their children to achieve school success. This raises the importance of families’ strategic initiatives to employ guanxi within family, community and between school and family. These make the point that guanxi and their employment have become an important mechanism for social inclusion and exclusion in the competition for advantages in school success in post-socialist China.  相似文献   

11.
顺应过程意识突显是语言使用中表现出来的有一定语用功能特性的自反意识。文章通过分析研究语言顺应过程的意识突显及相关的认知与社会心理因素,来诠释它在翻译、语码转换、反语的运用以及话语生成等语言交际活动中与语言选择二者的内在关系。  相似文献   

12.
当前,我国学校发展面临许多问题,其中组织能力建设是关键。文章从社会资本的角度,分析了社会资本与学校的关系,探讨了学校能力建设的内涵,着重论述了我国学校合作能力、筹资能力和公信能力建设的主要内容,并探讨了社会转型时期我国学校能力建设的发展方向。  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT:  This paper synthesises a collaborative review of social capital theory, with particular regard for its relevance to the changing educational landscape within Scotland. The review considers the common and distinctive elements of social capital, developed by the founding fathers – Putnam, Bourdieu and Coleman – and explores how these might help to understand the changing contexts and pursue opportunities for growth.  相似文献   

14.
    
The white middle-class parents who chose to send their children to urban comprehensives largely rejected engaging in the usual competitiveness for educational success. Nevertheless the parents in our study still found themselves wittingly or otherwise captured by that same discourse. Their children are high achievers and are regarded as a valuable resource for their comprehensive schools generating high volume capital. However, in spite of this, the parents do not leave such success to chance. Drawing on an ESRC-funded research project (Educational Choices and the White Urban Middle-Classes RES-148-25-0023) we analyse how middle-class parental involvement is part of the age old process of social reproduction and the transmission of parents’ middle-class privilege to their children, almost regardless of their intentions. Not only are the parents interventionist in their children’s schooling, they draw on and dispose their own privileged capitals to prepare and position their children for educational success.  相似文献   

15.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
International schools are commonly depicted in the academic literature and popular press as offering elite educational credentials to an elite, oftentimes international, student body. In this paper, I draw on a case study of a Canadian international school to argue that a new form of international school is emerging in China – one that offers a haven for domestic students from certain competitive and discriminatory features of the Chinese educational system. Fieldwork was conducted at a Canadian curriculum high school for Chinese citizens in Beijing. Most students at the school were internal migrants or children of China’s ‘new rich’ entrepreneurial class; that is, their families had economic resources but occupied precarious social positions in contemporary Chinese society. Analyses reveal that the international school offers a pathway to obtain baseline academic credentials in the absence of other opportunities for progress in the Chinese educational system. Together with evidence of dramatic growth in international schools and tracks in China, this case study suggests the emergence of a new type of international education programme that departs from a picture of international education as ‘elite’ in terms of student body, academic environment, and expected educational trajectories of graduates. The paper also develops our understanding of class and educational strategies in contemporary China.  相似文献   

16.
学业成就不单指学习成绩,还包括学业机会本身与工作搜寻结果。基于问卷调查所得数据,在高等教育起点、过程与结果三个时间点动态考察了阶层背景对大学生学业成就的影响。实证结果表明:阶层背景对大学生学业机会获得和工作搜寻结果施加正向影响,对过程学业成就即学习成绩有着负向影响,阶层背景影响大学生学业成就的根本原因在于各社会阶层拥有各类资本的巨大差异。高等教育扩招不能有效阻止阶层差距的扩大,相反,学业成就差异将阶层差异合法化,高等教育成为一种阶层再生产的机制。  相似文献   

17.
    
ABSTRACT

A consolidated sociological line of the research allows us to understand the educational advantages of middle-class pupils in terms of the dynamics of reproduction [Bourdieu, P., and J. C. Passeron. 1970. The Inheritors: French Students and Their Relations to Culture, translated and edited by Richard Nice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; Power, S., T. Edwards, G. Whitty, and V. Wigfall. 2003. Education and the Middle Class. Buckingham: Open University Press]. However, some scholars have pointed out how this process cannot be taken for granted, highlighting the difficulties experienced by youths in reaching academic success [Reay, D., and H. Lucey. 2002. “Carrying the Beacon of Excellence: Social Class Differentiation and Anxiety at a Time of Transition.” Journal of Education Policy 17 (3): 321–336. Doi:10.1080/02680930210127586]. Based on Bourdieu’s perspective, this article will explore the links between low educational attainment, artistic passion, and high aspirations in privileged students. The research is based on in-depth interviews and focus groups with middle-class pupils in two secondary art schools in Milan. It is argued the artistic disposition acts within dynamics of negotiation among different and contrasting expectations. Creativity emerges as a source to perform gendered privileged learner identities. This study on artistic educational pathways can contribute to understanding the process-making of inequalities in creative fields.  相似文献   

18.
社会学领域中以理性选择为基点的社会资本理论与政治学领域中以阿尔蒙德(Gabriel Almond)为先锋的政治文化研究遭遇,一方面使政治文化研究获得快餐式的热销性发展;另一方面造就了政治文化研究与理性选择理论的碰撞,进而在理解文化生成的论题上呈现出矛盾性的双重进路:社会化积累进路与理性选择进路。尽管罗伯特·帕特南尝试以历史选择视角整合两种进路,但实证研究抽离了理论的历史厚度。政治学领域中的社会资本研究如若继续前行,必须明晰社会资本的文化主义转向造就的内在逻辑谬误并着力解决之。  相似文献   

19.
This paper identifies the shared features of provision in exemplar school playgroups defined using the social capital concepts of bonding and bridging relationships. Relationships promote capabilities amongst people, with play a known capability for advancing children's developmental and educational outcomes. By attending to the bonding and bridging relationships in each school playgroup, exemplar groups were identified and studied to reveal their shared features of provision. Six main features of provision were identified, including materials, facilitator, space, location, scheduling and health and safety. Awareness of these features may benefit school leaders and/or governance seeking to implement a school playgroup within their own community. Findings from this project suggest high-performing school playgroups can operate in areas of lower and higher socioeconomic status and/or parental education, and in regional and rural areas.  相似文献   

20.
社会资本、市场力量与学校变革   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
在世界上许多国家包括中国 ,人们开始以市场力量来对学校这种公共部门进行改革 ,以革除当今学校存在的弊端 ,提高学校运作效率 ,满足公众日益多样化的需求 ,并提升教育公平 ,这实际上深受新自由主义思潮的影响。然而 ,以市场为导向的改革就像一柄双刃剑 ,它提高了资源的利用效率 ,扩大了消费者的选择权 ,似乎给予所有的人以同等的选择的机会 ;但是改革也有可能加大学校之间的差距 ,加重社会不公正现象 ,扩大强势群体与弱势群体之间的不平等。因此 ,仅仅依赖市场是不够的 ,创造、提升或重建学校的社会资本是对市场魔力的一种平衡 ,也是当今学校变革的“第三条道路”。  相似文献   

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