脂肪酶产生菌的紫外诱变选育

采用紫外诱变方法对实验室保藏的粗酶活为10 U/mL的野生微球菌SX-1进行诱变处理以获得高产酶能力的菌株,实验得到最佳诱变条件为:15 W紫外灯,垂直照射距离为30 cm,处理时间为90 s,通过荧光圈初筛和摇瓶复筛,筛选出一株突变菌株,酶活可达到22.5 U/mL,比出发菌株脂肪酶活力提高了125%,将其连续传代5次,酶活稳定,是一株比较理想的脂肪酶产生菌.     

碳源对枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）产胞外蛋白酶酶活力的影响

分离纯化获得一个产碱性蛋白酶的枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）菌株,并研究了4种不同的碳源（葡萄糖,蔗糖,可溶性淀粉和甘露醇）,分别采用3种不同的浓度梯度（0.5%,1%,1.5%）对其产碱性蛋白酶活力的影响。采用不同碳源培养细菌,然后用folin-酚法测定分泌到胞外的碱性蛋白酶活性,发现培养基中以1%甘露醇为碳源培养时所产胞外碱性蛋白酶活性最高。     

不同诱变剂对醋酸杆菌诱变效果的研究

用紫外线、亚硝酸钠、2-氨基腺嘌呤、5-溴尿嘧啶、吖啶橙、盐酸羟胺分别诱变醋酸杆菌。在较低致死率的剂量下，用青霉素测定醋酸杆菌对各诱变剂的敏感性，比较其突变率得出，盐酸羟胺诱变效果最好。并用此诱变剂诱变醋酸杆菌，获得产酸能力比原始菌株高几倍的突变菌株，且遗传稳定。     

几株Bt菌株对紫外线的抗性探讨

采用不同照射时间的紫外光（UV）对1株野生型Bt菌株及3株Bt菌株Bt001、Bt200、Bt087进行照射处理后再置于双碟上培养16h，结果表明，Bt野生菌株在UV处理3min后已基本全部失活，而Bt001、Bt200、Bt087在UV处理8min后仍有活性。从UV处理时间的长短及平板上出现菌落数的多少得知，尽管菌株Bt001、Bt200、Bt087对UV的抗性都比野生Bt菌株强得多，但并不相等。其中，Bt200相对弱些，UV处理9min后已无菌落；Bt087最弱，UV处理8min后已无菌落；而菌株Bt001对UV的抗性最强，UV处理13min后仍有菌范出现。这说明不同的Bt菌株，其遗传背景是不同的。另外，Bt001经紫外线照射9min，培养16h后发现有9个菌落发生明显的变异，菌落呈棕黄色，菌落明显比原始菌落小。涂片，油镜下观察其菌体要比原始菌体小，此为明显发生突变的菌株。     

Bacillus cereus HY-4对有机磷农药毒死蜱的降解特性

目的:明确一株蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus HY-4)对毒死蜱的降解特性。方法:采用UV全波长扫描、灵敏度和添加回收率测定等建立了毒死蜱的定量检测方法,以及通过定量添加毒死蜱和降解菌的方法研究了菌株HY-4对毒死蜱的降解特性。结果:毒死蜱的最佳测定波长为292.0 nm,经验证该检测方法的线性相关性、灵敏度、准确度和变异系数均符合菌株降解毒死蜱残留检测的要求。降解菌HY-4对50.0mg/L毒死蜱的降解率在摇培36 h时达到最高,适量添加葡萄糖能够促进降解菌的生长和毒死蜱的降解,葡萄糖添加量为0.5%时对50.0 mg/L毒死蜱的降解率达最高为88.0%;毒死蜱初始浓度对降解率也有较大影响,毒死蜱初始浓度为50.0 mg/L时降解率达最高为89.6%,然而当毒死蜱初始浓度继续升高时,菌株对毒死蜱的降解率下降,毒死蜱初始浓度为200.0 mg/L时,降解率下降至59.3%。结论:降解菌HY-4对毒死蜱的降解能力较强,在毒死蜱污染水体等的微生物降解方面应用价值较大。     

紫外线、氯化锂对柴油杉醇产生菌HQD33原生质的诱变

本文采用3%溶壁酶和2%蜗牛酶的混合酶液,30℃酶解紫杉醇产生菌树状多节孢HQD33五小时，原生质体产量可达3.35×106个/ml；通过双层平板培养法再生，再生率为4.67%～21%左右。用紫外线单独作用和紫外线、氯化锂复合处理30秒，原生质体的致死率分别为60% 和74.18%，从而，弄清了氯化锂和紫外线对树状多节孢原生质体的诱变条件，为诱变育种选择合适的诱变剂量提供了参考。     

He-Ne及Ar~ 激光对黑曲霉产果胶酶的诱变效应

报导 He- Ne及 Ar 激光辐照黑曲霉 (Aspergillus niger B1 0 1 )的研究结果 ,表明激光确实以某种方式作用于辐照菌株 ,虽不直接损伤其表面结构 ,但引起生理代谢的改变 ,使产量发生变化 ,这为激光微生物育种提供了新的依据     

基于Nd:YAG/LBO倍频蓝光的全固态激光综合实验系统

基于Nd:YAG/LBO内腔倍频开发了一套多功能全固态激光综合实验系统。创新性地引入准三能级Nd:YAG激光器、非线性光学倍频技术及独立温控技术,扩展了全固态激光器实验教学的内容,能够全面锻炼学生在全固态激光及非线性光学领域的实践能力,尤其是对激光二极管(LD)泵浦源、Nd:YAG晶体能级结构及倍频的相位匹配等概念与技术的理解。该综合实验系统在经济性、适用性、功能性及科学前沿性等方面与现有装置相比均具有明显优势,相关实验受到了学生的欢迎。     

细菌Bacillus sp. NS-3和灰葡萄孢对松材线虫的诱引

通过＂水琼脂平板移行法＂和＂玻管法＂,研究了松材线虫拮抗细菌Bacillus sp.NS-3和真菌灰葡萄孢引诱线虫的能力.结果表明：初始随着作用时间的延长,细菌引诱线虫能力增加,NS-3在72小时（3天）达到对线虫的最大吸引,而随着作用时间的继续延长,细菌吸引线虫能力下降,最后细菌NS-3对线虫的吸引力为负值,从而说明线虫对致病细菌NS-3有趋避行为;真菌灰葡萄孢对松材线虫的诱引能力比较稳定,线虫对真菌没有趋避行为.进一步研究发现,枯木浸出液诱引线虫能力最大,其次是菌株NS-3的发酵液,然后是灰葡萄孢真菌的发酵液.而且,枯木浸出液和灰葡萄孢真菌的发酵液煮沸后诱引线虫能力均有所下降,但差值不大,说明枯木和真菌中对松材线虫起诱引作用的物质并没有因高温而完全失去;而细菌菌株NS-3的发酵液的发酵液煮沸后诱引线虫能力急剧下降,从而推测细菌中诱引线虫因子为挥发性的物质.     

内镜Nd:YAG激光疗法与食管腔内置管对食管贲门癌的姑息治疗比较

回顾1990-1993年96例食管贲门癌的内镜激光及食管置管治疗的疗效评价。69例作内镜激光治疗;27例作食管置管。激光治疗后87％患者肿瘤缩小,55％吞咽困难明显缓解;食管置管的成功率89％。激光组未见致死性并发症,其1年存活率为12％;置管组致死性并发症11％,1年存活率为0。认为内镜激光治疗和食管置管均为治疗食管贲门癌的有效姑息疗法,但激光治疗的并发症危险性明显较低。     

激光技术在治疗扁桃体炎中的应用

本文探讨Nd：YAG激光治疗扁桃体炎的方法,经临床实践与观察,取得了较满意的效果。     

Characterization of an extracellular polysaccharide produced by Bacillus sp.RL-2

1 Introduction a Bioflocculation is a dynamic process resulting fromsynthesis of extracellular polymer by living cells.Flocculant are widely used in industrial processesincluding wastewater treatment, downstream pro-cessing, and food and fermentation processes [1-6].The flocculants used can be classified into three groups1) inorganic flocculants such as aluminum sulfate andpoly-aluminum chloride; 2) synthetic organic high-polymer flocculants such as polyacrylamide derivativesand polyethylene i…     

Effect of temperature on batch elastase production by Bacillus sp.EL31410

The production of elastase by Bacillus sp. EL31410 at various temperatures was investigated. In order to study the effect of temperature on elastase fermentation, different cultivation temperatures, ranging from 39 ℃ to 28 ℃, were evaluated in shake flask. The result indicated that 37 ℃ was best for cell growth at earlier stage; while maximum elastase activity was obtained when the cells were cultivated at 30 ℃. This result was verified by batch fermentation in 5-L bioreactor under 37 ℃ and 30 ℃ temperature, respectively. The specific cell growth rate at 37 ℃ was higher than that at 30 ℃ latory temperature cultivation mode were evaluated in the next study. When compared to single temperature of 37 ℃ or 30 ℃, both two-stage temperature shift strategy and oscillatory temperature strategy improved biomass but did not yield the same result as expected for elastase production. The maximum biomass (both 8.6 g/L) was achieved at 30 h at 37 ℃, but at 42 h using two-stage temperature cultivation strategy. The highest elastase production (652 U/ml) was observed at 30 ℃ in batch process. It was concluded that cultivation at constant temperature of 30 ℃ was appropriate for elastase production by Bacillus sp. EL31410.     

Effect of temperature on batch elastase production by Bacillus sp. EL31410

The production of elastase by Bacillus sp. EL31410 at various temperatures was investigated. In order to study the effect of temperature on elastase fermentation, different cultivation temperatures, ranging from 39 ℃ to 28 ℃, were evaluated in shake flask. The result indicated that 37 ℃ was best for cell growth at earlier stage; while maximum elastase activity was obtained when the cells were cultivated at 30 ℃. This result was verified by batch fermentation in 5-L bio-reactor under 37 ℃ and 30 ℃ temperature, respectively. The specific cell growth rate at 37 ℃ was higher than that at 30 ℃ during earlier stage of cultivation. The maximum value [5.5 U/(h-g DCW)] of elastase formation rate occurred at 24 h at 30 ℃ compared to 4.6 U/(h-g DCW) at 30 h at 37 ℃. Based on these results, two-stage temperature shift strategy and oscillatory temperature cultivation mode were evaluated in the next study. When compared to single temperature of 37 ℃ or 30 ℃, both two-stage temperature shift strategy and os     

Influence of medium components on elastase production using crudesources by Bacillus sp. EL31410

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｄｅｍａｎｄｆｒｏｍｃｏｎｓｕｍｅｒｓｆｏｒｈｅａｌｔｈｙａｎｄｌｏｗｃｏｓｔｍｅｄｉｃａｌｓｈａｓｌｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｄｅ ｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｍｅｄｉｃａｌｔｈｅｒａｐｙａｇｅｎｔｓｕ     

Influence of medium components on elastase production using crude sources by Bacillus sp. EL31410

A newly isolated strain EL31410, producing elastase (E.C3.4.4.7) with high elastolytic activity was identified as Bacillus sp. In the medium optimization, it was found that wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate were the best crude carbon and nitrogen source for enzyme production, respectively. Addition of corn steep flour can affect the bacterium growth and elastase production. A fractional factorial design was applied to study the main factors that affect the enzyme production, and central composite experimental design and response surface methodology were adopted to derive a statistical model for the effect of wheat bran and soybean flour hydrosate on elastase production. The experimental results showed that wheat bran had positive effect but soybean flour hydrosate had negative effect, on enzyme production. An initial concentration of 3.4%(w/v) wheat bran and 9.4%(v/v) soybean flour hydrosate were found to be optimal for enzyme production in batch culture. The time course of elastase production in the optimized medium composition was also described.     

Improved elastase production by Bacillus sp.EL31410--further optimization and kinetics studies of culture medium for batch fermentation

An efficient culture medium producing a bacterial elastase with high yields was developed further following preliminary studies by means of response surface method. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology were applied to optimize the medium constituents. A central composite design was used to explain the combined effect of three medium constituents, viz, glucose, K2HPO4, MgSO4@7H2O. The strain produced more elastase in the completely optimized medium, as compared with the partially optimized medium. The fitted model of the second model, as per RSM,showed that glucose was 7.4 g/100 ml, casein 1.13 g/100 ml, corn steep flour 0.616 g/100 ml, K2HPO4 0.206 g/100 ml and MgSO4@7H2O 0.034 g/100 ml. The fermentation kinetics of these two culture media in the flask experiments were analyzed. It was found that the highest elastase productivity occurred at 54 hours. Higher glucose concentration had inhibitory effect on elastase production. At the same time, we observed that the glucose consumption rate was slow in the completely optimized medium, which can explain the lag period of the highest elastase production. Some metal ions and surfactant additives also affected elastase production and cell growth.