中国传统文化下组织成员的归因风格对组织行为的影响

东西方的归因风格因为文化的差异而有所不同。在个人主义文化下,西方人倾向于个体归因;中国人则在集体文化下,更倾向于在情境中解释行为。中国人倾向于把成功和失败都归因于外部、不可控因素,并且较少出现自我服务归因偏差。这些归因方式有利于组织内部的和谐,但是成功的外归因不利于成功经验的分享,失败的外归因可能存在责任逃避现象。管理者需要分析员工成败原因,引导员工正确归因,根据员工归因风格来安排适合他们的工作,并结合传统文化和国内外企业文化的优秀部分创建适合的企业文化,帮助员工合理归因,提高组织绩效。     

Defining information system success in Germany

This article discusses the concept of information system (IS) success in Germany. The aim of the study is to explore how IS success is defined and perceived by a group of managers in Germany. The results show that culture does influence the perception of IS success. The study has many implications for both academic and practice communities. The results are especially important to multinational organizations that standardize IS in different cultures including Germany. The research case is a multibillion dollar Canadian multinational organization which decided to standardize an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in all its worldwide subsidiaries.     

An empirical study on the source of vendors’ relational performance in offshore information systems outsourcing

Despite keen interest in long-term strategic outsourcing and attention to factors affecting outsourcing success, the examination on relational performance, i.e., the difference between a vendor's performance with a particular client and that with its average client base, can be hardly found. This study adopts a relational view to offshore information systems (IS) outsourcing from a vendor's perspective to explore the source of relational performance. Results highlight the importance of client-specific capabilities and trust as a self-enforcing governance mechanism in a vendor's relational performance in terms of service quality. Project management and client-specific capabilities act as substitute for each other in affecting relational service quality. In addition, while trust and learning about client contribute to client-specific capabilities, trust is also positively related to learning about client. These findings enrich our understanding of the source of outsourcing relational performance and contribute to the literatures on vendors’ capabilities in IS outsourcing.     

The construct of information systems use benefits: Theoretical explication of its underlying dimensions and the development of a measurement scale

As a key construct for the IS success model (DeLone & McLean (1992, 2003), information systems benefits for individuals (ISBI) has received considerable attention from researchers over the years. However, much remains to be explored to develop and validate the underlying theoretical dimensions for this crucial construct. Further, a major weakness of the extant research in this area is that most reported studies have been conducted in the context of individual IS application instead of the overall IS in the organization. To fill these gaps in research, we will first present a theoretical conceptualization of the ISBI construct, and then develop and validate a measurement scale for the construct. Drawing from the ERG theory (Alderfer, 1972), Job Characteristic Theory (Hackman & Oldham, 1975, 1976) and other theoretical perspectives, we developed a theory-based TJW framework which consists of three levels: Task performance, Job interaction, and Work enrichment. The nomological validity of the scale was then successfully demonstrated by a partial test of the IS success model using the ISBI measure and a measure of the overall IS use. Finally, we demonstrated the diagnostic power of the construct through an exploratory research model which showed that, while task performance benefits have insignificant effect on satisfaction, both job interaction benefits and work enrichment effects have substantial effects on satisfaction. These study results have thus deepened our understanding on the underpinnings of IS usage behaviors and contributed to the cumulated research on IS success.     

美日新能源汽车产业技术联盟的组织管理及对我国的启示

作为我国战略性新兴产业的重点领域,新能源汽车的产业、技术发展特点决定了以产学研结合组建产业技术联盟是推动该产业发展的重要手段。文章从各国新能源汽车产业联盟中选取了较有代表性的美国“新一代汽车合作伙伴计划”和日本“革新型蓄电池尖端科学基础研究专项”为例,总结分析了其产业技术联盟的组织管理运行特点,以政府科技计划有效引领和发挥公共研发机构组织支撑作用为重点,提出了如何更加有效地以产业技术联盟促进我国新能源汽车等战略性新兴产业发展的几点启示。     

Social learning by doing in sustainable transport innovations: Ex-post analysis of common factors behind successes and failures

This article presents the results of a study into the factors governing success and failure in innovative projects in the area of sustainable transport. This can be regarded as an important example of ‘social learning by doing’. Data obtained through interviews with key players in eight ambitious innovation cases for the Netherlands are analysed. Common factors are identified and a statistical correlation analysis of success and failure factors is performed. We find that it is predominantly the political, process-related, socio-cultural and psychological factors that determine whether a project succeeds or fails. Technical/content-related and economic factors appear to be less important. Administrative/legal factors play an intermediate role.     

政府投资R&D项目治理过程模型的实证研究

由于政府投资R&D项目具有主体多元化、跨组织分工合作、不确定性和创新性较强等特点,仅靠科技人才的管理能力和单组织的管理水平难以满足该类项目管理的需要,必须从项目治理的角度进行研究,项目治理正逐渐成为项目管理研究的重要领域和发展方向.尽管不同的项目具有不同的特性,但可以用一个统一的迭代过程模型得到满足特定需要的项目治理方式.通过对山东省255个由政府投资R&D项目成功/失败关键因素的调查研究,用于确定由政府投资R&D项目治理方式的统一过程模型的有效性得到充分验证,为制定项目治理政策措施提供了科学依据.     

Managing large-scale IS/IT projects in the public sector: Problems and causes leading to poor performance

With a large scope and high degree of complexity, managing large-scale projects is a challenge to project managers. The challenge is even greater when it comes to public sector projects due to the involvement of many stakeholders and the need to manage various relationships. For these reasons, many projects ended up with poor performance. Research has shown that success in managing large-scale projects requires a great deal of coordination and collaboration which can be done through established processes, strong teams, and involvement of stakeholders. Even though these processes and approaches are known, effectively implementing them is very difficult. The objective of this study is to investigate the management of selected large-scale IS/IT projects in the public sector in order to identify common problems and causes leading to poor performance. Fourteen projects from the US, UK, and Australia were studied, making this research among the few studies to investigate large-scale IS/IT projects in the public sector from different countries. The research results indicate common problems related to system design and implementation, project management and governance, and contract management. Theoretical contributions and implications for practitioners are also discussed.     

中国数字化可视人体研究进展

“可视化人体计划（Visible Human Project,VHP）”1989由美国国家医学图书馆提出。1991年8月,美国国家医学图书馆与科罗拉多大学健康科学中心(Health Sciences Center)签订协议,正式启动VHP。由科罗拉多大学完成人体连续横断面图像获取 ,获得一套正常人体的结构数据集。该课题1994年11月完成并向世界公布,引起了世界范围 内的可视人数据开发,已经取得了巨大的社会效益和经济效益。此后,韩国、日本、德国、 澳大利亚等国纷纷启动了可视人体计划。其中,韩国于2000年启动了韩国可视人（Visible Korean Human,VKH）五年计划（2000.03—2005.02）,2001年获得了1例脑瘤死亡人体标本 的数据。中国可视化人体的研究,开始于1999年。2002年10月,第三军医大学获得了首例中 国 数字化可视人体的数据集。此前,信息学领域的科学家利用美国公布的数据集进行了人体可 视化的大量前期研究,已经具备了较好的基础。由于VHP研究是适应数字化时代来临的需要 ,在与人体的结构与功能相关的众多领域具有广泛应用前景的重大科学问题,因此,在国家 层面上,部署中国可视化人体计划（Chinese Visible Human Project,CVHP）具有重要的科 技战略意义。     

信息系统外包关系框架及其影响因素分析

信息系统的外包关系中,如果从客户与服务商的数量进行区分,包括一对一,一对多,多对一和多对多四种情况,在构建这种关系框架的基础上对每种外包关系进行了具体阐述,并对一对一关系往后面三种关系发展的促进因素和限制因素进行了分析。     

项目导向、组织学习和竞争优势——新旧项目间知识继承研究

项目合作和团队工作是组织获取知识、建立竞争优势的一个重要途径。已有的成果侧重于项目内不同主体间知识转移的横向研究,却忽略了新旧项目间知识的纵向转移。研究新旧项目间的知识继承,对丰富知识管理理论,提高企业的知识积累和项目成功率有重要意义。运用定性分析的方法,对新旧项目间知识的纵向转移进行了研究,分析了新旧项目间知识转移的影响因素,并试图建立一个新旧项目间知识纵向转移的概念模型,希望为下一步的研究指明方向。     

移动团购的持续使用意愿研究——ECM与IS成功理论的比较与整合研究

移动团购发展迅速,用户的持续使用意愿是移动团购发展和竞争的关键,ECM、IS成功理论以及两者整合研究是持续使用意愿的主要方式,哪个模型对用户的持续使用意愿解释力度更强是本文研究的主要问题。本文以移动团购为研究对象,基于ECM和IS成功理论比较和整合研究用户的持续使用意愿,构建研究模型。通过调查问卷收集数据,使用SPSS和Smat PLS分析数据,进行假设检验。研究发现ECM、IS成功理论以及两者整合研究模型均适用于持续使用意愿研究,且ECM对于满意度和持续使用意愿的解释力度均大于IS成功理论,而整合理论的解释度最强,整合研究模型更适合于研究用户的持续使用行为。移动团购的满意度受到期望确认、感知有用性和系统质量、服务质量的影响,且期望确认以及感知有用性的影响作用更大,而信息质量的影响作用不显著。     

A comprehensive survey of IS undergraduate degree courses in the UK

There is little conclusive evidence about the state of the IS curriculum in the UK. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey about the provision of Information Systems (IS) undergraduate degree courses in the UK using the newly developed IS 2010 curriculum guidelines as its basis. IS 2010 identifies three main categories of knowledge that underpin the essence of IS as an academic subject: IS Specific Knowledge and Skills, Domain Fundamentals and Foundational Knowledge and Skills. Our desire to offer a holistic and conclusive representation of the curriculum is supported by the development of an IS curriculum survey framework that caters for the mapping of every subject that populates the IS curricula of undergraduate degrees in the UK, including subjects that are generic or are derived from other hierarchical disciplines.     

基于社会-技术模型的信息系统开发项目的风险因素分析

信息系统开发项目具有很高的失败率,绝大多数项目不能在预算内按时交付满足用户需求的系统。本文从系统开发过程是一个社会技术系统这一观点出发,基于组织变革的社会——技术模型对信息系统开发项目的风险因素进行了系统的分析,为信息系统项目管理者有效的识别和控制项目风险提供借鉴。     

国外政府支持重大科技计划或专项组织管理特征分析与借鉴

自第二次世界大战以来,以美国曼哈顿工程的成功实施为代表,根据国家战略目标,结合经济社会发展重大需求组织实施科技重大专项计划、重大科技工程或项目已成为国外政府经常采用的做法。对美国、欧盟、日本等主要国家组织实施重大科技计划或专项中的组织协调、资助机制和评估机制等方面的主要特点进行了系统地分析,并在此基础上就我国如何更好地组织实施重大科技专项进行了简单的讨论。     

Impact analysis for national R&D funding in science and technology using quantification method II

As the influences of science and technology on its national economy have increased, each country has devised various funding programs for research and development (R&D) projects. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of such R&D projects. In most studies, the performances were measured in terms of an ordinal Likert scale, but they were treated as continuous variables. Much important information can be buried when a categorical Likert scale is treated as continuous variable. In this paper, we treat Likert scales as categorical and apply quantification method II to analyze the relationship between short- to mid-term performance factors and long-term impact factor of R&D projects. We apply the proposed approach to the survey data obtained from the Science and Technology Promotion Fund in Korea. The results of this paper are expected to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of R&D funding.     

Examining the role of trust and quality dimensions in the actual usage of mobile banking services: An empirical investigation

Mobile banking (m-banking) has emerged dynamically over the years due to consumers' increased use of mobile technologies, their ever-growing lifestyle choices and also the several different economic factors. This paper proposes a new research model by extending the DeLone & McLean information systems (D&M IS) success model to understand users’ actual usage of m-banking. The research model was tested and validated using data collected by survey from 227 Omani residents. This study employed a two-staged analytical approach by combining structural equation modeling and neural network analysis. The results divulge that satisfaction and intention to use stand as two important precedents of actual usage, and the satisfaction also mediates the relationship between service quality, information quality and trust with intention to use m-banking and negates with that of system quality. We have provided the theoretical as well as practical implications of the findings.     

Examining supply chain collaboration with determinants and performance impact: Social capital,justice, and technology use perspectives

Supply chain collaboration is critical to achieving the integration of partners for performance impact. Two major concerns arise, organization's sharing behaviors and technology use behaviors. An organization's sharing behaviors relates to a decision of two perceptions among partners, commitment of network resources and fairness of network resources distribution. Further, technology use behaviors are important for members in IT-enabled supply chain. Social capital and justice issues intend to explain the two particular perceptions as IS success model defining technology use behaviors. This study integrates the three issues to examine their influence on supply chain collaboration and in turn, realized firm performance. Empirical findings report that technology use behaviors are most significant as other two issues are also concerned.     

基于网络论坛的信息系统双向知识转移的影响因素研究

摘要：本文探讨在信息系统外包或购置商品软件开发方式下,IS外部提供方与IS需求方的个体之间,信息系统双向知识转移的影响因素。首先在知识转移、信息系统理论的文献基础上,形成一个理论模型,假定信息系统双向知识转移受知识相关因素（共识）、交流相关因素（双向信任、双方的交流能力）的影响。然后采用无干扰实证研究方法,基于讨论信息系统知识的网络论坛,模拟实际情况,收集数据进行回归分析,论证了12项假设中的10项,证实了这两组影响因素与双向知识转移的关系。