淀粉-聚乙烯醇生物降解薄膜的制备研究

本文以淀粉为和聚乙烯醇(PVA)原料,采用交联共混反应制备淀粉-PVA生物降解薄膜。考察了淀粉-PVA薄膜制备过程中诸因素对薄膜各项性能和生物降解性的影响。结果表明,淀粉-PVA薄膜各项性能优良,具有生物降解性。     

阳离子纳米球P(St-co-BA)在涂料染色中的应用

本实验将实验室自制的一种阳离子聚合物乳液应用到涂料浸染染色中,探讨了阳离子聚合物乳液的整理工艺,阳离子聚合物乳液的用量以及涂料用量对染色的影响.     

海藻酸钙凝胶球对混合染料的吸附

海藻酸钙凝胶球对混合阳离子染料进行吸附,结果表明,海藻酸钙凝胶球在不减少对亚甲基蓝的吸附的同时还能对其他阳离子染料进行吸附。海藻酸钠以其特有的结构和性质在污水处理方面有较好的应用,具有广阔的发展前景。     

阳离子粘合剂P(GMA-St-AA-BA)用于涂料染色

本实验通过半连续乳液聚合法制备了一种阳离子乳胶粒P(GMA-St-AA-BA)用作涂料染色粘合剂,研究了阳离子粘合剂对棉织物涂料染色性能的影响.选取了不同浓度的阳离子粘合剂、不同浓度的涂料溶液对棉织物涂料染色的影响.     

五甲基茚满的合成研究

以α-甲基苯乙烯和叔戊醇为原料,在催化剂磷酸的作用下合成产物1,1,2,3,3-五甲基茚满。考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、反应物料比对反应收率的影响。结果表明：以10.5g磷酸为催化剂,叔戊醇与α-甲基苯乙烯的摩尔比为1.3：1,反应温度50℃,产物收率达到32%。     

肉毒碱的代谢作用及在运动实践中的应用

近年来,肉毒碱的补充对运动实践中的应用价值引人注意,不断有人从理论和实践使用中进行探讨。本文将着重介绍其概况。一、肉毒碱的生物合成途径和组织间的转运肉毒碱系季胺(β-羟-γ-三甲基-氨基丁酸),结构式为(CH_3)N~+-CH_2-CH-CH_2-COO~- 分子量161.20 (一)肉毒碱的组织中合成人类体内仅有肝、肾和脑组织中有完全合成肉毒碱的功能,以肝、肾两种器官为主要。合成肉毒碱的原料是两种必需氨基酸赖氨酸和甲硫氨酸,还需要维生素C、尼克酸、维生素     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺：粉煤灰改良膨胀土剪切试验

利用阳离子聚丙烯酰胺-粉煤灰掺和物改良膨胀土。试验研究了阳离子聚丙烯酰胺-粉煤灰掺和物改良膨胀土的抗剪切强度,结果表明,掺和物可以有效增强膨胀土的抗剪切强度。当膨胀土中阳离子聚丙烯酰胺含量超过0.3%时,膨胀土的粘聚力增幅最大。膨胀土中阳离子聚丙烯酰胺含量既定情况下,随着添加粉煤灰量的增大,掺入6%-8%粉煤灰时,膨胀土的抗剪切强度存在一个最大值。确定出了改良膨胀土时,添加0.3%-0.5%的阳离子聚丙烯酰胺以及6%-8%的粉煤灰为宜(百分比为质量干重比)。     

仿生减阻材料的制备及其性能研究

目的:应用仿生摩擦学原理制备皮肤减阻材料,并分析其减阻性能。方法:制备水减阻材料、油减阻材料、仿鲨鱼黏液减阻材料,进行包裹物漂浮测试和运动员泳池测试,分析减阻材料性能。结果:漂浮实验表明,与对照组相比,涂覆水减阻材料、油减阻材料和仿鲨鱼黏液减阻材料均有明显减阻效果(P<0.01),仿鲨鱼黏液材料减阻效果最佳。结论:利用仿生摩擦学原理,应用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)等超高分子量聚合物制备的仿鲨鱼黏液减阻材料有明显减阻效果。     

滑行艇以及竞速艇模型（三）竞速艇模型的艇体制作

四、玻璃钢艇壳的制作1．在艇体石膏凹模上涂刷脱模剂直接在石膏凹模上敷环氧树脂和玻璃布不行，这样环氧树脂会将石膏和玻璃布牢牢地粘合在一起无法分离，因此，要在石膏凹模上先涂刷上一层脱模剂。脱模剂有多种，我们使用的是聚乙烯醇胶。在建材商店可以买到聚乙烯醇地板胶，用之前先掺少许水稀释。由于石膏模表面在烘烤、干燥的过程会沾上油腻，导致聚乙烯醇胶涂不上去，因此，要倒一点洗洁精在聚乙烯醇胶里面，     

“天捷星”双翼薄膜机

薄膜机结构简单、重量轻、飞行速度慢,是室内飞行爱好者常用的机型。传统的室内薄膜机骨架多用轻木制作,以橡筋为动力。由于木条纤细,结构强度较差、易损坏、不适合工厂批量生产,因此一般都由模友自己动手制作。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。