强化海藻酸钠凝胶制备固定化酶

为了确定生产帕拉金糖（异麦芽酮糖）的固化酶最佳条件,在固化材料和固化方法上进行多项试验。结果表明：使用添加剂强化海藻酸钙凝胶包埋整个细胞酶,固化效果最佳,固化酶的酶活为３０～６０ｕ／ｇ,蔗糖平均转化率８５％,最高转化率９５％,实验室中固化酶连续转化半衰期长达４５ｄ。     

强化海藻酸钠凝胶制备固定化酶

为了确定生产帕拉金糖（异麦芽酮糖）的固化酶最佳条件，在固化材料和固化方法上进行多项试验。结果表明：使用添加剂强化海藻酸钙凝胶包埋整个细胞酶，固化效果最佳，固化酶的酶活为３０～６０ｕ／ｇ，蔗糖平均转化率８５％，最高转化率９５％，实验室中固化酶连续转化半衰期长达４５ｄ。     

吸附球技术的价值及其要领

控球技术是篮球运动的一项基本技术,控球能力的强弱是衡量一名运动员水平高低的重要标准之一。吸附球技术则是控球技术的一个极为重要的子技术。 所谓吸附球,是指运球过程中,运球手与球接触时能保持较长的接触时间,好象手对球具有吸力使之附着于手掌之上一样。球手接触时间长,手对球的控制能力     

姜黄素/P(St-co-MAA)复合微球的制备

本文以姜黄素为染料,对P(St-co-MAA)微球进行染色,制得姜黄素/P(St-co-MAA)复合微球.通过改变染色过程中某些参数,优化了制备工艺.结果表明,最佳的制备条件为:姜黄素用量为3.0％,pH 5.0、95℃下染色120min.     

不同基团对海藻纤维亲水性能的研究

海藻纤维在交联成型过程中,海藻酸钠分子中的羟基和羧基部分参与了螯合结构,影响了其亲水性.本文在海藻酸钠粉末中掺杂了不同量的CMC、PVA和PVP,制备成纺丝液,利用湿法纺丝技术制备混纺海藻纤维,通过对纺丝液和纤维形貌的分析,结合对混纺海藻纤维亲水性实验的测试,证实了通过添加含有亲水性基团的材料可用来提高海藻纤维的亲水性能.     

养生保健的海洋蔬菜

海洋蔬菜即人们常说的海带、紫菜、苔菜、裙带菜、麒麟菜之类的海藻。我国海藻资源丰富，其中有经济价值的约有100多种。海藻中含有人体必需的蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、多种维生素及矿物质。科学研究证明，海藻对人体保健作用超乎一般想象，尤其对困扰现代人的许多身心疾病都有良好的防治作用。营养学家预测，海藻将成为风靡21世纪的健康食品。降高血压海带等海藻中含有褐藻氨酸，专家们研究发现，褐藻氨酸降压效果比较显著，而且其中所含的岩藻多糖是海藻独特的黏液成分，有阻止动物红细胞凝集的作用，可防止因血液粘性增大而引起…     

不同时段拉球对乒乓球弧圈球效果影响的探讨

在分析来球弹起后球的平动初速度在沿球拍切向方向和法向方向分量方向变化的基础上，对拉球时段进行重新分段，并对在不同时段拉球的摩擦过程进行物理分析，发现在不同时段拉球，对方来球平动初速度、本方法向挥拍速度、切向挥拍速度等对拉球效果具有不同的影响。     

借用他球谨防失误

借用他球的战术,在门球比赛中会经常出现。借用他球进行调位、搭桥、造角、摆双等是要求较高的战术,这需要教练员根据场上的局势做出决定。要三思而令,做到以下几点:1、根据比赛场上的局势而定首先要看对方临杆球是否在场上,如果没在场上,可将撞击中的他球充分利用,进行调位、接应、造角等;如果对方临杆球在场上,利用他球时必须防字当头,不要构成眼镜球。尽可能地沿边角排列,保持一定距离,使对方可望不可及。如在杆球距己方待杆球较远时,击     

六孔球在不同飞行状态下由于表面压力不同影响落点的研究

利用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法等方法对六孔球在不同飞行状态下由于表面压力不同影响落点不同的研究,结果表明,六孔球在不旋转、上旋、下旋、侧旋等不同飞行状态下,由于球的表面压力的不同,影响球的下落,进而影响球的落点。本文对由于各种因素影响球的落点进行分析,为今后六孔球的教学和训练提供理论基础。     

排球运动中的人球关系

为促进排球运动的发展,加深对排球运动中人球关系地位及重要性的理解,文章从竞技运动的本质出发,基于球类运动中“人球关系”内涵的解析,从排球运动的特点、人球关系在排球技术中的地位等角度,对排球运动中保持人球关系的重要性进行了剖析,对影响人球关系的专门化知觉、调整人球关系的运动方式进行了整理,并从心理学角度对这些运动方式的控制因素进行了研究.研究得出:排球运动中的人球关系,是排球技术合理运用的基础,在众多的人球关系影响因素中,主要动因是建立在良好战术修养基础上的观察与预判.     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。