中微子振荡中的μ-τ和CP破缺共同起源

由中微子的实验数据支持的近似味对称性μ-τ出发,对最小seesaw机制中的中微子性质进行了研究.在中微子质量产生seesaw机制中,μ-τ和CP这两个分离对称性为拉氏量的基本对称性,它们的破缺共同起源于同一个软破缺项,由这个简单的破缺方式,得到软μ-τ破缺在低能时导致了两个小的偏差量δa(≡θa-π/4),δx(≡θx-0)之间的关联,给出θ13混合角的理论取值范围.     

弱电统一场中赝矢量流可以转化为引力波

生物大分子DNA、RNA和氨基酸、蛋白质中普遍存在的由共价键主要是π键构成的苯环状构象,有效地将宇宙背景中低能正、反中微子汇聚,运用上述双光子引力波产生机制,将中微子能转化为光和热,揭示了正物质世界生物大分子左旋结构与反物质世界生物大分子右旋结构稳定性的起源。     

中微子及中微子实验的最新成就

本文从中微子的泡利假设到实际探测到中微子的几个重要实验,全面介绍了中微子及中微子实验的最新成就。由于2002年诺贝尔物理奖获得者雷蒙特·戴维斯(RmymondDavisJr)和小柴昌俊(MasatoshiKoshiba)在中微子探测研究方面所做的卓越贡献,中微子实验所开创的中微子天文学正处在21世纪科学研究的一个前沿。     

中微子和超光速现象的可能性

如果中微子静止质量不为零,那么为了解释宇称不守恒的二分量中微子理论就要求中微子是超光速的。讨论了在相对论框架内对这种超光速现象的理解,以及存在"快子"的可能性。     

De Broglie-Ross模型和太阳中微子问题

基于已知的 Ｄｅ Ｂｒｏｇｌｉｅ模型和 Ｒｏｓｓ模型结合的太阳中微子新模型,可以获得两个中微子合成一个光子及其能量公式。由此能解释太阳中微子的下列三个观察结果;仅检测到理论预测值的三分之一;太阳活动和中微子流间存在反相关关系并与观察到的光子释放率一致。     

中微子与泡利

在众多的亚原子粒子家族中,中微子是最令人捉摸不定的基本态粒子。它们虽然只参与弱相互作用,但它们似乎具有许多独特的性质,它们与粒子物理和天体物理的基本理论有着广泛的和至关重要的联系。泡利是第一个预言中微子存在的理论物理学家,他有着和中微子一样的迷,既琢磨不透,又魅力无穷。     

De Broglie—Ross模型和太阳中微子问题

基于已知的ＤｅＢｒｏｇｌｉｅ Ｒｏｓｓ模型结合的太阳中微子新模型,可以获得两上中微子合成一个光子及其能量公式 。由此能解释太阳中微子的下列三个观察结果;以理论预测值的三分之一;太阳活动和中微子流间存在反相关关系并与观察到的光子释放率一致。     

中微子理论的新探讨

提出了中微子的四分量理论,并计算得到其对应的四个本征态。研究指出:这种理论能够解决传统理沦遇到的许多困难。     

中微子之谜

揭开中微子之谜在物理研究中具有十分重要的作用。从中微子假说提出以来的一系列问题应予重视；太阳中微子失踪之谜，中微子质量之谜等。     

大胆的理论假设 艰难的实验探索─—纪念著名理论物理学家泡利提出中微子假设65周年

大胆的理论假设艰难的实验探索─—纪念著名理论物理学家泡利提出中微子假设６５周年安徽省舒城县龙河中学袁孝金“不幸的中微子！但不会永远如此．我确信，在不久的将来，中微子必将获得应有的荣誉，甚至进入人类的生活．”——布鲁诺·汪德科尔沃当１９９５年１０月１１...     

Hans Bethe, the sun and the neutrinos

We give an elementary review of recent discoveries in neutrino physics, culminating in the solution of the solar neutrino problem and the discovery of neutrino mass. Atmospheric neutrinos, reactor neutrinos and other important developments are also briefly described. G Rajasekaran is a theoretical physicist at the Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai. His field of research is quantum field theory and high energy physics. Currently he is working in the area of neutrino physics.     

Solar neutrinos

The standard solar model with the standard electroweak theory does not explain the solar neutrino problem. However, a slight modification to this theory, in which there is a mass difference in the neutrinos and mixing between them, does seem to explain the experimental observations. However to test conclusively the theory and oscillation effect, a detector which can detect separately the charged current interactions of the electron neutrinos and neutral current interaction of both the neutrinos with matter and also give accurate measurements of the two interactions is to be built. The next generation of solar neutrino experiments aims to test the above theory. One experiment, which proposes to detect neutrinos through both neutral and charged current interactions, is the Water Cherenkov Detector of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) at Ontario, Canada. Another Water Cherenkov Detector,the massive Super Kamiokande detector, has just become operational and the analysis of the data being collected from the detector are being reported in many conferences. The scientists at Kamiokande have very recently reported at the Neutrino ’98 Conference the exciting result that the neutrino does have a mass. They are now clear that they have reached a level of understanding in Neutrino Astrophysics, where neutrino oscillation solutions can be discussed.     

中微子在致密等离子体中的传播

1　Introduction　Howasupernovaexplodesisstillanunsolvedprob lemrelatingcriticallytothetransportofneutrinoswithinthestar.TheneutrinoheatingmechanismhasbeenaresearchfocusfortypeⅡsupernovaexplosionsinceitwaspresentedbyWilsonin 1982 [1,2 ] .Accord ingtotheircalculationtheoutgoingshockdoesnothaveenoughenergytoejecttheouterlayersofthesu pernova .Theshockwavestallsafterpropagating 10 0～ 30 0kmfromthecore .Immenselyhighenergyflux esofneutrinos (Lνe≈Lνe≈ 4× 10 52 ergs/s ,withνμ,νμ,νT,and…     

Neutrinos and our Sun — Part 3

In the concluding part of the article on Neutrinos and our Sun we discuss the detection of atmospheric neutrinos, their fluxes and zenith angle distributions. Here too one finds discrepancies with theoretical predictions. We discuss how the idea of neutrino oscillations helps resolve both the solar neutrino puzzle (discussed in Part 2) and the discrepancy observed in atmospheric neutrino fluxes. This is followed by a discussion of neutrino masses and the recent confirmation of the neutrino oscillations in the KamLAND experiment.     

Neutrinos and our Sun — Part 1

The elusive neutrinos have periodically yielded their secrets to man and at each such juncture major advances have been achieved in our understanding of the sub-atomic phenomena. These particles also carry invaluable information about the centre of the Sun where energy is generated through nuclear fusion. In Part I of this article, history of the discovery of neutrinos is traced, their properties and types are described. Also, the Standard Model which forms the basis of the structure of matter and of which massless neutrinos are an integral part, is described. The role of neutrinos in solar energy generation and the great ‘solar neutrino puzzle’ and its solution will be described later in the series.     

Neutrinos and our sun — Part 2

In this part we describe the chain of nuclear reactions that fuse protons into helium nuclei in the centres of stars. Neutrinos play an important role in the proton-proton chain and detection of these neutrinos is important for a direct insight into the processes taking place at the centre of the sun. Experiments for the detection of solar neutrinos and the emerging result from them, known as the Solar Neutrino Puzzle, are described. The puzzle refused to go away even with very carefully designed experiments. Its solution came from physics, by reviving the idea of neutrino oscillations, speculated many decades ago. Recent experiments have confirmed these ideas and have enriched our knowledge of these fundamental particles.     

Neutrino oscillations

The 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to two physicists-Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B McDonald, whose teams discovered that neutrinos, which come in three flavours, change from one flavour to another. This discovery is a major milestone in particle physics as it gives a clear evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model. Neutrino oscillation is a quantummechanical phenomenon whereby a neutrino created with a specific lepton flavour (electron, muon, or tau) can later be measured to have a different flavour. Historical development of the field in chronological order of experiments is briefly described in this article.