试论虚构性叙事与非虚构性叙事的差异性

叙事是与人类一起产生的,所有社会、所有集团,都有自己的叙事作品. "叙事"又称"叙述",也就是"讲故事".用"讲故事"的方式向读者提供的信息更容易被人们所理解和记忆.由叙述所产生的生成物,即叙事作品也就种类繁多,数目巨大.法国著名学者罗兰·巴特说:"世界上叙事作品之多,不计其数;种类浩繁,题材各异……叙事遍布于神话、传说、寓言、民间故事、小说、史诗、历史、悲剧、正剧、喜剧、哑剧、绘画、彩绘玻璃窗、电影、连环画、社会杂闻、会话.而且,以这些几乎无限的形式出现的叙事遍存于一切时代、一切地方、一切社会."[1]也就是说,叙事是国际性的,它跨越历史、跨越文化,且无时不在、无处不有.     

小议小说中叙事时间顺序的变形

保罗·利科曾经说过:"文学是时间的艺术."可见,时间对于小说叙事的重要性.而小说叙事时间的变形又为小说提供了更为广阔的叙事空间.作者按照自己的意愿安排作品中的时间顺序,使作品产生特殊的叙事效果,体现出不同的生命体验和生命意识,从而使读者转换思考和感受的角度,关注叙事的不同侧面,给读者带来不同的阅读体验.本文将用叙事的视角,透过时序的变形,探讨叙事文学中叙事时间为叙事带来的明显的叙事效果上的增强与消解,以及由此带来的叙事所体现出的生命意识、生命价值与生命感受的不同倾向.     

底层叙事的广阔空间

提起底层叙事,有人说,那空间太狭窄了,写写苦难而已,粗制滥造,缺乏文学性。其实,只要认真读一读近年来底层叙事的文学作品就会发现,从底层叙事的作品内容来看,不仅有苦难叙事,还有超苦难叙事、非苦难叙事;从底层叙事的作品形式来看,运用多种新的叙事方式,并以丰富多彩的民族化磁石予以磁化：底层叙事有广阔的空间。     

《五色石》叙事艺术简论

《五色石》是清代拟话本小说中的代表作之一。作者对全书的内容、每篇作品的形式和结构等都做了精心的安排,在叙事艺术方面有较高的成就。＂说书体＂的叙事方式、＂补天＂的叙事策略、＂转折性＂的叙事技巧,是这部小说的基本特点,这些都增强了作品的艺术感染力。     

鲁迅小说《故乡》的叙事时间新探

叙事时间对叙事作品有着至关的重要性。鲁迅小说《故乡》的叙事时间高屋建瓴,匠心独运。其叙事时间的处理对于小说情节结构的安排、作家审美意识的张扬、人物情绪的表达、作品整体氛围的突出起到了巨大的作用。此外,小说在闪回、闪前卓有成效的运用方面对主题意蕴的生成也产生了重大影响。     

转达未知世界的信息:科幻作品的交际模式

科幻作品叙事最初使用两种传统的叙事形式:旅行叙事和历史叙事。按其物质规则,科幻作品也意识到科学发现在向这些传统发起挑战,并最终证明传统的叙事手法是不足的。科幻叙事向读者转达过去或将来未知世界的信息时,情况更是如此。某些科幻叙事,即使在与血肉之躯的读者相关的叙事受众极度错位的情况下,继续违背事实地依赖传统形式,对问题视而不见。而另一些科幻叙事,比如本文中所讨论的这些,两者均意识到了由于时空错位所产生的问题,显然在寻求开辟新的叙事模式来应对这些问题。科幻作品中的“新颖性”,通常是指主题与内容。主题与形式是不可分割的,但是我们也希望结合由科学产生的新的时空情境,说明科幻作品如何证明原有层次的高度创造性。     

伍尔夫《到灯塔去》的叙事策略

英国现代主义小说家弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫,对传统的全知全能型叙事模式进行大胆革新,并创造一系列叙事技巧来构建其小说世界。其作品《到灯塔去》表现出非常独特的创造性和开拓性。从叙事的时间艺术、多视角转换和间接内心独白3个层面来分析探讨《到灯塔去》的叙事策略及其产生的艺术效果,可以看出作品堪称意识流叙事的经典之作。     

《后巷说百物语》的叙事策略

日本小说家京极夏彦的名作《后巷说百物语》是一部具有特殊魅力的"妖怪小说",通过对小说的叙述策略进行深入分析,理解作品独特的叙事空间和叙事视角,也揭示了作品深厚的文化内涵。     

汉乐府的叙事角度

汉乐府叙事诗所采用的叙事角度多为第一人称及第三人称叙事视角,也有不少作品根据情节设置的需要转换视角,不同的叙事角度产生不同的审美效果。     

《永别了,武器》的叙事审美

海明威是20世纪最伟大的小说家之一,他于1954年获得诺贝尔文学奖。他的许多小说深受读者喜爱,其中《永别了,武器》就是一篇具有世界影响力的作品。海明威擅长运用各种叙事技巧,《永别了,武器》就充分展示了他的多维叙事艺术。通过分析《永别了,武器》中的叙事时序和人称,揭示该作品的叙事审美价值。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…