复合事件及其概率

基本事件为不可分解的事件 ,复合事件为可分解的事件 .如果复合事件是由两个基本事件或三个基本事件组成 ,怎样求其概率呢 ?本文作了比较详细的论述     

关于或有事项若干问题的分析

或有事项作为特殊的不确定性事项，是不确定性会计的重要内容。或有事项的确认和披露是当前会计理论和实务中的一大难点。要正确理解和运用财政部发布的《企业会计准则——或有事项》，必须明确或有事项与未来事项、估计事项及资产负债表日后事项的区别；正确理解负债、预计负债和或有负债之间的关系；正确区分或有事项的各种可能性及其会计处理；正确核算因或有事项确认的负债及相关的资产。     

Growing up in an intact vs. non-intact family and the transition from school to permanent work: A gender approach for Spain in 2000

This paper explores the influence of marital disruption and family environment on three major events that mark the transition from adolescence to young adulthood for children between the ages of 16 and 25, these being leaving school, entering the labor market and obtaining permanent employment. This is a gender approach, given that the two sexes experience the process in different ways.The duration models that estimate the timing of events reveal that the factors which favor education (i.e., intact family, parents’ education, mother more educated than father, mother never worked for pay) produce a higher-performance work path, and vice-versa (i.e., family disruption, number of siblings, caring for grandparents). The comparative gender analysis shows that daughters receive more education, are less likely to obtain a permanent job and, at the same time, they are more sensitive to the family environment and produce a positive externality on both brothers and sisters.     

浅谈事件的关系及运算

事件的关系及运算主要运用在用简单事件表示复杂事件的问题中,本文从如何用概率论的语言来理解事件的关系及运算方面谈一些看法。     

全概率公式的推广与应用

全概率公式是概率论中很重要的公式,在概率论的计算中起着很重要的作用．对全概率公式进行仔细地分析,用例子说明了它的用法及它所适用的概型;为了解决实际问题的需要。我们将全概率公式进行了推广,用例子说明了推广的全概率公式在实际应用中所适用的概型比全概率公式的更广．     

回到教育事件本身——复杂性理论视域中的教育规律研究

复杂性理论把不确定性纳入研究视域,揭示了矛盾意义、概率意义特别是混沌意义上的规律观,揭示了有序与无序之间对立、竞争以及互补的复杂关系,打破了传统哲学教科书规律观被“必然性王国”统治的局面。从有序与无序的结合揭示教育活动的规律,即回到教育事件本身,揭示教育活动中有序、无序、组织和相互作用的四元联立关系,将使教育规律的研究更贴近现实、更彻底、更有说服力。     

Knowing Your Limitations

This article reflects on whether probability statements can usefully be made about one‐off exceptional events.     

Teachers' self‐efficacy in bullying interventions and their probability of intervention

Teacher intervention is an important factor in stopping bullying. Several studies indicate that teachers who believe they are capable of stopping bullying intervene more often in bullying. But this finding has only been based on hypothetical situations. It remains unclear if these results can be replicated in bullying interventions that the teachers actually performed. In addition, some studies claim that self‐efficacy is only connected to teacher intervention in direct forms of bullying, rather than indirect forms. In the current study, teachers' self‐efficacy in bullying interventions and the probability that they will intervene is investigated using self‐reported real‐life bullying situations in a sample of German teachers. Results show that teachers who feel more confident in dealing with bullying report intervening more often in bullying episodes they observed. Teacher training should include discussions of real‐life experiences to promote teachers' self‐efficacy beliefs and increase the probability of teacher intervention.     

浅析新闻事件流行语的语言特点及心理动因

近几年,基于新闻事件而产生的流行语不断涌现,这类流行语在语音、词汇、语法等方面都有不同程度的变异,产生了不同的修辞效果,同时,新闻事件流行语也是一种"狂欢式"的话语表达,体现了普通大众的狂欢心理和游戏心态。     

关于粗糙集的若干注记(Ⅰ)--粗糙集与Stone代数

粗糙集理论是处理和表示不准确信息的极为有效的数学工具 ,也是对其他处理不完备信息的理论和方法 (如 ,可能性理论 ,证据理论 ,模糊集理论等 )的补充 .研究了粗糙集理论与Stone代数的关系 ,并给出与粗糙集和条件事件密切相关的Stone代数的同构定理 .     

High points of learning behind bars: Characteristics of positive correctional education experiences for incarcerated girls

In California incarcerated juveniles are legally mandated to attend school while behind bars. Previous research shows that the quality of education people receive behind bars can increase their educational attainment, improve the probability of other positive life chances, and lowers the likelihood of recidivism. As we interviewed incarcerated girls, they described their corrections-based educational experience as overwhelmingly positive. This paper examines why girls viewed these experiences so positively. Small classrooms, student-teacher relationships and interactions, and meeting the girls’s housing and food needs, each contributed to their positive outlook. Ultimately, being behind bars allowed them to access a more intimate, favorable educational experience.     

概率论与数理统计中“骰子”问题的概率探讨

概率论与数理统计的教学中,在计算古典概率时,排列组合与生成函数等是常用的重要工具.通过若干实例,给出了古典概率中的＂骰子＂问题的基本事件数的不同计算方法,从而得到关于＂骰子＂问题的较为全面的古典概率的计算方法.     

一道概率习题的解法探讨

本文针对一道概率习题,依托分类的思想方法,借助对立事件,给出了多种解法。     

求解古典概型中“配对”问题的概率

在计算古典概率时,排列组合是重要工具。文章以古典概型中"配对"问题的概率为例,采用一题多解的形式,给出了基本事件数的计算公式。     

We Can Still Learn About Probability by Rolling Dice and Tossing Coins

Rolling dice and tossing coins can still be used to teach probability even if students know (or think they know) what happens in these experiments. This article considers many simple variations of these experiments which are interesting, potentially enjoyable and challenging. Using these variations can cause students (and teachers) to think again about the statistical issues involved – and learn in the process.     

What do they do at home? The literacies of children living in residential care in Malaysia

This paper presents an ethnographic study of the out of school literacy practices of children living in residential care in Malaysia. Although residential homes generate much publicity, especially during the festive seasons, not much is known about the children living within the confines of these homes. Even more lacking is research on their literacy practices, despite the embeddedness of literacy in the everyday lives of these children, which includes formal schooling, after‐school tuition classes and devotion sessions with volunteers.     

Demarches de resolution et de simulation face au probleme de la ruine d'un joueur

Prior to large experimentations on the teaching of probability theory, it appeared useful to observe some students working for a fairly long time. This observation should make more precise the difficulties of an important aspect when solving probability problems: the modelling aspect. Does systematic use of simulation produce miracles as it is sometimes said? Are the students naturally sensitive to a frequentist approach of probability theory? This paper contains some results on these questions, for example we pointed out for some students an obstacle to the frequentist approach. The results permit to conceive how using simulation for teaching could contribute to an improvement of students' approach to probability.     

试论危机事件对中国共产党发展的影响

中国共产党从诞生之日起，就历经了许多危机事件的考验。正是在应对各种危机事件挑战的过程中，中国共产党获得了相应的进步。危机事件对中国共产党发展的影响主要体现在三个方面：危机事件的非常状态锤炼了中国共产党人的特殊品格；危机事件的发展变化推动了中国共产党社会价值观的不断变迁；危机事件提供的特殊舞台促进了中国共产党领导水平和执政能力的提高。     

从一则谚语例谈小概率事件

在中国五千年的文化长河中,流传着许多谚语、典故,它们体现出了很强的哲学思想,人们往往对这谚语、典故的正确性深信不疑.其实,这些谚语、典故从数学角度来讲,说的是一些小概率事件.只要我们掌握了小概率事件的理论解说,就可以诠释它的哲学思想,认识小概率事件的现实表现,科学地选择好的小概率事件,避开不好的小概率事件,以便趋利避害.     

试析《史记》和《汉书》中的人物自作诗

汉代史著如《史记》、《汉书》常引用传中人物自己所作的诗歌来增加表达效果,这些自作诗产生于特定的历史场合,很好地体现了人物在特定场合中的心境情绪,具有史家笔法不能达到的表达效果。人物自作诗多由"事象"感发,大部分是悲剧人物在困境中发出的悲鸣。史著中引用的诗歌往往能与历史叙事相互交融,起到诗史互证的作用。