图书馆学概论(四、五、六章)

怎样理解图书馆事业的一般含义? 图书馆是搜集、整理、保管和利用书刊资料,为一定社会的政治、经济服务的文化教育机构。从社会意义上说,这些孤立地行使其职能的单个图书馆,还不能算是已构成了图书馆事业。图书馆事业这个概念代表的是一个体系,即社会共同使用图书的体系。只有当社会上各种类型图书馆的数量、质量、规模、发展速度和组织形式发展成为联系紧密的图书馆整体时,才能构成社会的图书馆事业。它是由许多个体图书馆所组成的图书馆群体,又是与社会政治、经济、文化诸因素紧密联系的社会文化现象。从广义上说,图书馆事业是社会上各种图书馆的数量、质量、规模、发展速度、组织建设以及图书馆工作与图书馆学的总称。     

图书馆经济来源分析

任何一个图书馆都必须有一定的物质基础和维持其活动的经济保障。我们把各种能够为图书馆提供人力、物力和财力的渠道统称为图书馆的经济来源,这不仅决定着图书馆事业的发展速度和规模,而且决定着图书馆资源的利用效益。图书馆的经济来源是多种多样的,都以不同的方式发挥着各自的作用。然而由于我国图书馆事业长期为单一经济来源,在图书馆学的研究中比较忽视这方面的研究,对经济来源的多种形式的认识     

中国图书馆事业六十年发展的成就与问题实证分析

文章利用历年统计数据进行了实证分析,表明建国60年来中国图书馆事业取得了巨大成就,图书馆数量、馆藏量、业务规模、经费投入等获得了几十倍甚至数百倍的增长.但是,中国图书馆事业发展也存在一些突出问题,主要表现为图书馆数量的增长大幅滞后于经济规模的增长;图书馆支出在国家财政支出的比重持续下降;新增馆藏购置费在图书馆总支出中的比重不断下降;图书馆的工作绩效出现下滑趋势等,最后从加强立法、保障投入、创新管理等方面提出了建议.     

基于用户使用率的图书馆综合实力研究

图书馆的综合实力受到规模、投入资金、发展历史、队伍建设等诸多因素影响,通常情况下与自身规模成正比。但图书馆的使用率并不完全与图书馆规模成正比,该指标能更好地反映读者对图书馆的利用程度、依赖程度,图书馆的规模和用户的使用率是图书馆最准确的综合实力的体现。     

图书馆多元化服务机理探究

社会需求导向、范围经济和规模经济的协同效应是图书馆开展多元化服务的经济学理论解释，而社会竞争和国家投入不足是图书馆需要开展多元化服务的现实原因。目前图书馆存在七大多元化服务形式，发挥着五个方面的作用。在多元化服务中，还要注意四个方面的策略。     

论区域图书馆区位设置与规划

从空间角度看,区域图书馆区位设置与规划跟图书馆功能发挥密切相关,能有效提高区域层面图书馆整体服务效率.文章所指区位不仅仅指区域地理位置、区域经济等要素,同时指图书馆读者和文献资源等要素的位置和空间范围,是系统观指导下图书馆各要素在区域的综合集成.个体图书馆区位设置.指以服务人口等确定图书馆规模和位置,合理设置内部空间结构.区域图书馆整体规划,指客观分析区域区位,系统规划区域内图书馆的设置数量、不同规模和类型图书馆的组合结构等.我国图书馆的现代化发展中,技术对图书馆区位设置的影响日益显现,国家宏观调控和区域图书馆自主探索有机结合,尤其是东莞等沿海区域图书馆区位设置与规划取得了宝贵的经验.     

高校图书馆“以人为本”特色服务研究

经济的发展,加强了人们对知识的渴求;政府的大力支持,使高校图书馆迅速发展,并逐渐形成规模。通过论述高校图书馆在新环境下如何做到"以人为本",提出创新在共建和谐图书馆中的重要作用。     

经济学方法在图书馆实践中的运用

在图书馆事业中运用经济学办法的必要性和特殊性运用经济学方法的意思是将图书馆事业列入社会经济体系,将经济处理的方法变为图书馆干部思维和工作方式的不可分离的组成部分。运用经济学方法的必要性,在相当大的程度上是由于现代图书馆事业规模愈来愈大,成本愈来愈高。在规模宏大的优越性增长的同时,出现了一些图书馆实际工作中不能不考虑到的问题和矛盾。主要矛盾之一是,随同规模的扩大,依靠粗放的因素而发展的可能性急剧减少,于是图书馆事业的进一步发展过程在较大程度上依靠其自身强化之间的矛盾。     

图书馆应如何为当代经济建设服务

在深化改革中,我国的经济建设进入到关键的转折时期。作为情报信息中心的图书馆,应如何更好地发挥情报职能作用,更直接地为当代经济建设服务呢?本文就此问题做一点探讨。一、要发展内涵、强化图书馆自身的职能作用长期以来,由于国家对图书馆情报事业的投资基本呈上升趋势,图书情报事业在规模上得到了较快的     

科学·经济·实用——高职院校图书馆建筑问题探讨

从图书馆建筑的层高、规模、建筑模式的选择、综合布线和生态化等几方面,阐述了高职院校在建造图书馆过程中,如何根据自己的校情馆情,科学合理地处理好经费投入的有限性和发展需求的无限性的矛盾,建造出具有高职特色的科学、经济和满足现实及未来适用性的现代化图书馆。     

Architectures of Knowledge and Literary Tradition: A History of the Almanac in Croatia

ABSTRACT

The history of the almanac in Croatia is reconstructed through primary research in bibliographic and archival sources. The almanac is a vehicle for knowledge communication in informal contexts, engaging both oral tradition and literary forms traceable to medieval literacy and ways of structuring knowledge. The history of the almanac in Croatia reflects the changing context of the book trade, literacy, and the evolution of language. Four main stages are identified: (1) the beginning of the annual almanac in the seventeenth century; astrological almanacs reflecting the sensibility of the Baroque period; (2) the Enlightenment's stimulation of almanac publishing in the spirit of contemporary secular reforms in agriculture and education; (3) nineteenth-and twentieth-century almanac trade, showing complex and overlapping networks for the production, distribution and appropriation of printed almanacs;(4) roughly the end of World War II, when the almanac slowly moved out of the role of a popular mass medium and into specialized niches represented by regional, diaspora, and religious almanacs.     

How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing

Some key questions for publishers in today’s market are: Could Amazon’s recent merger and acquisitions strategy create a disruptive or paradigm shifting business model in the publishing industry? Do their recent actions post mergers and acquisitions illustrate a predicable pattern of behaviour that publishers can strategize around? This paper will explore these questions and look at some of the possible reasons behind Amazon’s business practices and the possible consequences to publishers.     

Germany's New Culture of Welcome—Our Libraries are an Essential Part of it

ABSTRACT

German authorities are expecting more than 1 million refugees by the end of 2015. These people come to Germany to seek protection and assistance and to build a new life, therefore it is important to welcome them and to assist them in their integration as soon as possible. This situation creates a versatile and perfectly fitting opportunity for cultural and educational programs, including libraries, which can play a vital role in this integration process. The key to integration is the knowledge of the German language, and the most important challenge now is to teach the necessary language skills to as many asylum-seekers as possible.     

Syndicating Rich Bibliographic Metadata Using MODS and RSS

Abstract

Many libraries use RSS to syndicate information about their collections to users. A survey of 65 academic libraries revealed their most common use for RSS is to disseminate information about library holdings, such as lists of new acquisitions. Even though typical RSS feeds are ill suited to the task of carrying rich bibliographic metadata, great potential exists for developing applications that can exploit metadata exposed to Web services via RSS. Using the MODS metadata format, entire catalog records can be seamlessly embedded in RSS 2.0 feeds. Existing tools, such as Library of Congress Java toolkits and XSLT stylesheets, can facilitate this process, while a new XSLT stylesheet may be used to create the RSS feeds complete with MODS records. As an example of the added functionality these MODS/RSS feeds can offer, records from a MODS-enriched RSS feed can be ingested into a non-RSS application such as Zotero. As more emerging library technologies use Web services architectures to handle data objects, the ability to syndicate catalog records will become more critical to providing innovative library Web services.     

Researching Initiatives and Referenda: A Guide for Nevada

SUMMARY

The Nevada Constitution provides voters with the ability to propose new statutes, amendments to existing statutes, and amendments to the State constitution through the initiative petition process. Voters can also approve or disapprove of existing statutes through the referendum petition process. Both require the circulation of a petition to collect a minimum number of signatures before the Secretary of State will place the measures on the ballot for the general election. As with other topics of law, Nevada has a profound shortage of research resources on initiatives and referenda, but State law and government Web sites provide enough information to allow for significant research.     

Putting Ariel to Work at the University of Texas at Austin: A Case Study

SUMMARY

This article is a case study of Ariel use at the University of Texas at Austin. The author divides the history of Ariel use into three distinct stages: resistance, full implementation, and enhanced. For each stage the advantages and disadvantages of using Ariel are discussed. The author concludes that using Ariel saves both money and staff time and permits faster delivery of documents than other methods.     

Ariel in a High-Volume Environment: How CISTI Has Integrated Ariel into Its Document Delivery Business

SUMMARY

CISTI, the Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information, is one of the world's largest document delivery suppliers, and was among the first to be fully automated. The revolutionary Intel-liDoc system, developed during the years 1993 to 1995, provided for end-to-end automation of the document delivery process, which has enabled CISTI to improve its service and accommodate growth. From the beginning Ariel was, and remains, an integral part of IntelliDoc. This article describes how Ariel has been integrated into IntelliDoc and into CIS-TI's services, showing the benefits to CISTI and to its clients.     

利益相关者视角下的图书馆电子借阅服务研究

[目的/意义] 以图书馆提供电子借阅服务过程中所涉及的利益相关者为研究对象,厘清各利益相关者的利益关系,提出建立基于社会平衡机制的图书馆电子借阅服务系统的主要路径。[方法/过程] 介绍图书馆电子书和电子借阅的发展现状,引入利益相关者理论分析作者、提供商、图书馆与用户之间的利益关系。[结果/结论] 研究发现图书馆电子借阅服务涉及作者与提供商的商业利益、图书馆提供信息资源的权利和用户获取知识的权利,不同利益主体存在既冲突又合作的关系;图书馆电子借阅服务系统不够成熟,产生明显的资源供需失衡问题。提出以下建议:完善法律制度,维护公共利益;扶持电子书产业发展,规范市场行为;建立许可协议标准模板,保护各方利益;控制采购成本,促进电子书资源利用;发挥电子书优势,促进电子书阅读推广。     

Reading Among Young Russians: Some Modern Tendencies

This article is a preliminary summary of the results of a huge study of reading among urban high school students (ages 14–17) in many regions of Russia. It considers such aspects of the topic as: the place of reading in the structure of high school students' life plans and leisure activities; their motives for reading, their preferences, and the amount they read; the level of their culture of reading and information seeking; and the influence of family, peers, libraries, and the Internet on their reading habits.