农村中学课余体育训练的组织与管理

农村中学体育是我国体育事业的基础,是我国学校体育不可或缺的组成部分。为了更好更有效地促进农村中学课余体育训练的开展,本研究通过农村课余体育训练的组织、管理等方面入手,分析其原由,并提出对策,以期能够为我国农村中学课余体育训练的开展提供一定的理论与实践参考。     

学校课余体育训练社会化模式研究

在有关学校课余体育训练模式研究的基础上，对二年来我省学校课余体育训练社会化的实施与进展的情况进行了跟踪调查与分析，结论认为：①社会化将是学校课余体育训练体系完善的重要途径。②学校课余体育训练社会化不能一蹴而就，应有一个逐渐推向社会的过程。③学校要善于利用自身的优势加强与社会的联系，相互支持，优势互惠。④学校课余体育训练在社会的参与下，应结合社会对未来多元型人才的要求，为培养出高素质体育后备人才作出贡献。     

体育教育

G807,G812.42 9801544对农村学校课余体育训练的现状和发展对策的探讨[刊,中,A]/张盂琳,李明生∥第五届全国体育科学大会论文摘要汇编.-1997.-485(XH)农村体育∥训练∥学校体育∥现状∥趋势∥课外体育长期以来,研究学校课余体育训练理论及重点大多是在城市中小学,而对于农村学校课余体育训练的研究及论述较少.据统计,我国参加奥     

高校开展课余体育训练的教育学依据与目标定位

从学校是培养各级各类人才的基地、奥林匹克运动的宗旨、课余体育训练对人才培养的特殊作用3个方面论述了学校开展课余体育训练的必要性；同时还提出了我国开展课余体育训练的目标定位是在全面推动学校体育的基础上，培养高水平的学生运动员。     

开展课余训练、竞赛，促进学校体育工作全面发展

开展课余体育训练，为国家培养优秀体育后备人才，为搞好中小学课余体育训练工作，天津市教委印发了《天津市培养体育后备人才学校标准和体育竞赛管理办法》，重点扶持了一批具有较好基础和条件的学校，鼓励他们加入到课余体育训练行列中。经教育部批准，我市已有国家级培养体育后备人才试点校16所，市级培养体育后备人才学校高中校47所，初中校94所，小学校188所，另外还有172所市级体育项目传统学校，316所区县级体育项目传统学校。这些学校，为提高中小学课余体育训练水平，发挥了重要作用。     

关于高校办“体校训练”的研究和实践

课余体育训练是学校体育的一个组成部分,是实现学校体育教育目标的基本途径之一。正如《中共中央关于进一步发展体育运动的通知》强调指出：要重点抓好学校体育,在增强学生体质的同时积极开展课余体育训练。在我国社会主义市场经济体制形成过程中,教育和体育的改革正在深入发展,对学校课余体育训练也提出了新的要求。我国学校课余体育训练的现状与世界体育强国相比,存在较大的差距,今后如何进行改革是本文所要研究的重点。１我国学校课余体育训练的现状１、开展课余体育训练的学校数量据专家调查资料称,在１９４２５８所中小学中有１…     

中小学课余体育训练市场化模式探究

在市场经济日益完善的今天,学校课余体育训练也遵循市场规律来进行,能使学校体育训练更健康、更有序的发展。针对当前中小学课余体育训练的现状,结合我校课余体育训练经验,认为通过构建课余训练的市场化模式即:学校提供平台,引进具有专业体育技能的社会人员进行训练,体育教师参与组织管理的这样一种模式来保障学校课余训练的进行。     

农村小学课余体育训练现状与对策

本文通过文献资料法、访谈调查法、总结经验法等对区属四所农村小学课余体育训练进行调查与分析,发现目前农村小学课余训练存在观念陈旧、生源短缺等问题。为此,结合多年在农村校开展课余体育训练的经验,试图探索农村小学体育课余训练的现状与对策,为农村小学课余体育训练工作提供一些参考。     

我国学校课余体育训练经验及改革对策

总结了《关于开展课余体育训练，提高学校体育运动技术水平的规划》颁布15年来学校课余体育训练所取得的成绩、经验及存在的问题，并提出改革的建议与对策。     

信息台

<正> 中国体育科学学会学校体育专业委员会与国家体委群体司定于93年第四季度召开全国学校课余体育训练论文报告会。征文范围如下: 一、关于在社会主义市场经济体制下,深化学校课余体育训练改革的研究。二、关于学校课余体育训练地位、目的、特点及功能的研究。三、关于学校课余体育训练与竞技体育、群众体育的关系以及为“奥运战略”服务的研究。     

有关高原训练中强度训练问题的探讨

以我国体能类项目存在的问题为切入点,提出在高原训练中加强高速持续跑能力和冲刺跑能力训练的客观依据,使高原训练平原化,从训练理念上纠正因高原PO2降低带来的训练强度难以达到平原训练相似强度的观念,并在实践的基础上提出高原训练"耐力是基础,速度是关键,素质是保证"的总体思路.     

Strength training: isometric training at a range of joint angles versus dynamic training

Strength training with isometric contractions produces large but highly angle-specific adaptations. To contrast the contractile mode of isometric versus dynamic training, but diminish the strong angle specificity effect, we compared the strength gains produced by isometric training at four joint angles with conventional dynamic training. Thirty-three recreationally active healthy males aged 18 - 30 years completed 9 weeks of strength training of the quadriceps muscle group three times per week. An intra-individual design was adopted: one leg performed purely isometric training at each of four joint angles (isometrically trained leg); the other leg performed conventional dynamic training, lifting and lowering (dynamically trained leg). Both legs trained at similar relative loads for the same duration. The quadriceps strength of each leg was measured isometrically (at four angles) and isokinetically (at three velocities) pre and post training. After 9 weeks of training, the increase in isokinetic strength was similar in both legs (pooled data from three velocities: dynamically trained leg, 10.7%; isometrically trained leg, 10.5%). Isometric strength increases were significantly greater for the isometrically trained leg (pooled data from four angles: dynamically trained leg, 13.1%; isometrically trained leg, 18.0%). This may have been due to the greater absolute torque involved with isometric training or a residual angle specificity effect despite the isometric training being divided over four angles.     

间歇训练法在散打训练中的应用

介绍了间歇训练法的原理、功能及其类型、特点,着重从3个方面分析了间歇训练法在散打训练实践中的应用。     

Strength training: Isometric training at a range of joint angles versus dynamic training

Strength training with isometric contractions produces large but highly angle-specific adaptations. To contrast the contractile mode of isometric versus dynamic training, but diminish the strong angle specificity effect, we compared the strength gains produced by isometric training at four joint angles with conventional dynamic training. Thirty-three recreationally active healthy males aged 18?–?30 years completed 9 weeks of strength training of the quadriceps muscle group three times per week. An intra-individual design was adopted: one leg performed purely isometric training at each of four joint angles (isometrically trained leg); the other leg performed conventional dynamic training, lifting and lowering (dynamically trained leg). Both legs trained at similar relative loads for the same duration. The quadriceps strength of each leg was measured isometrically (at four angles) and isokinetically (at three velocities) pre and post training. After 9 weeks of training, the increase in isokinetic strength was similar in both legs (pooled data from three velocities: dynamically trained leg, 10.7%; isometrically trained leg, 10.5%). Isometric strength increases were significantly greater for the isometrically trained leg (pooled data from four angles: dynamically trained leg, 13.1%; isometrically trained leg, 18.0%). This may have been due to the greater absolute torque involved with isometric training or a residual angle specificity effect despite the isometric training being divided over four angles.     

Strength training

Introductory textbooks commonly state that Golgi tendon organs (GTOs) are responsible for a reflex response that inhibits a muscle producing dangerously high tension (autogenic inhibition). Review of the relevant data from animal studies demonstrates that there is wide variability in the magnitude of, and even the presence of, GTO autogenic effects among locomotor hindlimb muscles, and that data on GTO effects under conditions of voluntary maximal muscle activation are lacking. A single available study on GTO function in humans, during a moderate contraction, surprisingly shows a reduction in autogenic inhibition during muscle‐force production. Further, it is not possible to find experimental evidence supporting the idea that strength training may produce a decrease in GTO mediated autogenic inhibition, allowing greater muscle activation levels and hence greater force production.     

Strength training

Literature concerning the theoretical role of spinal reflex circuits and their sensorimotor signals in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) muscle stretching techniques was examined. Reviewed data do not support the assertion commonly made in PNF literature that contraction of a stretched muscle prior to further stretch, or contraction of opposing muscles during muscle stretch, produces relaxation of the stretched muscle. Further, following contraction of a stretched muscle, inhibition of the stretch reflex response lasts only 1 s. Studies examined suggested that decreases in the response amplitude of the Hoffmann and muscle stretch reflexes following a contraction of a stretched muscle are not due to the activation of Golgi tendon organs, as commonly purported, but instead may be due to presynaptic inhibition of the muscle spindle sensory signal. The current view on the complex manner by which the spinal cord processes proprioceptive signals was discussed. The ability of acute PNF stretching procedures to often produce a joint range of motion greater than that observed with static stretching must be explained by mechanisms other than the spinal processing of proprioceptive information. Studies reviewed indicate that changes in the ability to tolerate stretch and/or the vis‐coelastic properties of the stretched muscle, induced by PNF procedures, are possible mechanisms.     

浅析念动训练在健美操教学训练中的应用

通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法、对比实验法针对念动训练在健美操教学训练中的应用进行对比实验,结果表明：念动训练这种心理学训练方法在健美操教学中具有优越性,对加深对动作的理解有着非常重要的作用,建议教师在健美操教学的各阶段中合理安排念动训练,提高教学效果。     

运动训练过程中若干训练理念甄别

采用文献研究法、比较分析法和逻辑分析法,对运动训练过程中训练理念的意义以及六对训练理念的本质和要求进行了甄别分析.研究结果表明:在专项化训练过程中,要提倡与运动员水平相适应的早期专项化,反对早期成人化;提倡高度专项化,反对全面专项化;在一定条件下提倡负荷专项化,避免专项负荷大量化;重视运动训练的全面化,更要重视训练的整体化.运动训练要在技术规范化的基础上发展个体化特点;在遵循训练原则的基础上,强化指标量化调控.     

浅论射击运动员在心理训练中注意品质的培养

注意是人的心理活动对一定客体的指向和集中,是一种不单独存在的心理活动,这种指向客体的稳定性、持久性、分配、转移、范围等指标,就是衡量注意的品质因素。一个优秀的射击运动员应具备良好的注意品质,注意品质是属于非智力因素的一种,也要进行艰苦、长期的训练,才能获得。     

对训练周期理论与板块训练理论的再审视

对训练周期理论和板块训练理论进行了比较后发现,两种理论的冲竞占、主要集中在高水平运动员是否适应新的参赛机制和高水平运动员专项能力提高的生物适应性以及训练理论模型适用的训练范围上;而对两种理论的辨析与思考,得出了训练理论与训练实践脱节的原因是训练理论模型的非真理性和训练理论模型的经验化。