Motivation and Morality: a response to John Wilson

Abstract

This report of children's concepts of fairness takes as its rationale that the tentativeness of contemporary moral education reflects a lack of precise developmental schedules, and that there is a need for research to examine recent outlines of growth before widespread adoption of them by teachers. The Damon hierarchy of development of children's sense of positive justice is examined for its usefulness in predicting fairness in behaviour, and reliability in age patterning of its stated levels of reasoning. In general, it is the attributes of the various situations in which distribution is carried out, rather than conceptual growth, that seems to determine behaviour. The changes occurring with age are more quantitative than qualitative, and do not accord with expectations based on the Damon analysis. The hierarchy's value as a developmental schedule for teacher guidance may be questionable.     

The Poverty of Empirical Research in Moral Education: Beyond John Wilson

Abstract

Goodlad and colleagues argue that teacher education curricula do not include rigorous discourse about the moral dimensions of teaching. This paper offers guidance for developing such curricula drawn from the author's experience devising and implementing a professional ethics curriculum for dentistry. Grounded in Rest's Four Component Model of Morality, the curriculum includes methods and measures for assessing (1) ethical sensitivity; (2) moral reasoning and judgement; (3) moral motivation and commitment; and (4) moral implementation outcomes as well as instructional strategies to facilitate their development. Evidence drawn from the extensive literature on the psychology of morality, and from outcome studies of the effectiveness of the dental ethics curriculum, illustrate that a curriculum of rather modest duration can influence ethical development in measurable ways.     

Maintaining the status quo—A response to Fred Wilson and John Wilson

This article concludes theInterchange debate on the author's own “A Possible ‘Orality’ for Science?” (Interchange, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 227–244). The author contrasts two movements in science education: Science for Scientists and Science for All. The author maintains that we need to review the language of science to the end of producing a more palatable school science curriculum for all of our pupils.     

论本科生德育和研究生德育衔接问题

高校研究生和本科生德育的有效衔接是高等教育发展过程中出现的新情况、新问题,也是开展德育理论研究的新思路、新视角。当前德育衔接存在“各自为政”的短视现象,缺乏可持续性。依据科学发展观的指导思想和大学生思想政治教育“精致化”的总体原则,促进本科生与研究生德育工作的自然衔接应坚持“以人为本”原则、科学原则和全面、协调、可持续原则。     

教育与道德

道德是人们具有社会效用的行为应该如何的非权力规范,是自律与他律的统一。在一般意义上,教育即对道德的自觉追求;在终极意义上,教育即道德。它们共同揭示了一个深刻的道理:教育的领域是道德的领域。     

“做人”的教育和做“人的教育”

成功的学校教育,离不开"做人"的教育和做"人的教育"。"做人"的教育,对于学生而言,就是将他们培养成为有文化的人。做"人的教育",对于学校而言,其一是用"家"的理念来经营学校方方面面的工作:其二面向学生,尽量让其做主,对教师做到尊重和放手。     

Education and Morality in Africa

This paper examines briefly the major concepts in education and morality in Africa, focusing on the moral education of the African child. This is with particular reference to the child's obligations and duties to self, family, local community and the nation. It is argued that education today has been reduced to no more than schooling, which focuses mainly on literacy and numeracy. The politicization of institutionalized education in post-colonial Africa has led to an explosion in the schooling process, a high turnout of unemployed youths, and a questionable abandonment of the major values of indigenous education. It is recommended that in the new millennium, what is good in African indigenous education should be synthesized with the valuable aspects of Western culture. This would ensure that we move closer to the standard of morality and life in the traditional African education system.     

大学生个体道德的发生论

大学生的个体道德是以道德的内在需要为主要特征的，随着道德主体意识的不断增强，道德自律日趋重要，如何建立个体的主体道德，实现个体道德主体的意志自由。是大学生追求一切自我完善的根本。     

道德需要及其在道德教育中的运用

需要是人们活动的一个动因，道德需要是人们进行道德活动的驱动力，在社会转型期道德教育的效果不尽如人意主要在于忽视了道德主体的内在因素－－道德需要，要提高道德教育的实效就必须把道德培养 道德需要的基础上，充分发挥道德主体的主观能动性。     

浅析素质教育中的德育教育

德育是素质教育中的“重中之重”，加强德育教育符合时代的需要，素质教育的成败关键在于加强德育教育。     

Review Article: John Wilson as moral educator

Abstract

John Wilson's work as moral educator is summarized and evaluated. His rationalist humanistic approach is based on a componential characterization of the morally educated person. Such a person consistently manifests a unity of reflection, feeling, belief, and acting under the logically structured rubrics of PHIL, EMP, GIG and KRAT, and exemplifying the formal features of ‘moral opinion’. The rationale and conceptual status of the components is discussed, as is the view that the concept of education entails that teachers be moral educators. This involves cultivating autonomous rationality with respect to the unconscious, motivation, day‐to‐day moral decision‐making, and the emotions; in the latter case there are extensive applications in religious education. Finally, certain weaknesses and pre‐eminent strengths of Wilson's position are indicated, and comparisons briefly made with the views of McPhail, Peters, Frankena and Kohlberg.     

Indigenizing Education and the Phenomenology of Place

In this essay Justin Pack responds to Vine Deloria, Jr., and Daniel Wildcat's call to “indigenize education” by exploring what that entails both in his own life and for his teaching. Recognizing the power of place in Native American metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics is essential to the project of indigenizing education, according to Pack. He recounts how reading Deloria and Wildcat's Power and Place: Indian Education in America as a graduate student radically changed his perception of and relation to place, instilling in him the insight that knowing the history of a place is key to gaining a sense of one's connection to place. This realization, in turn, influenced Pack's approach to teaching. He came to understand that passing his changed perception and experience of place along to his students helped their development of critical thinking skills by exposing them to a metaphysics radically different from Western epistemology and ethics and by opening a path for them to recover a deeper sense of what it means to be in a place. Ultimately, Pack's aim in the essay is to demonstrate the potential for teaching Native American philosophy to function as a disruptive force in the classroom.