Teaching television: the effects of critical television viewing curricula

Recognition of the important role television plays in children's lives has led during the 1970s to the beginnings of an effort to modify television's impact on children by teaching them how to manage their viewing behavior, how to understand the medium, and how to evaluate its content (so-called, “critical television viewing skills”). The objectives pursued by critical viewing curricula are discussed, and it is argued that critical viewing is strongly related to critical thinking. A review of studies of the effects achieved by television curricula indicates that television curricula can be effective in increasing children's knowledge of the medium and in altering children's perceptions of television content. However, there is little evidence that curricula can modify television's effects on children's attitudes and behaviors, and curricular effects on children's viewing behavior at home have yet to be demonstrated. The research conducted is evaluated, and suggestions are made for future work in this area.     

Teaching cooperation on television

Conclusion The effects of media on the social behavior of young children is a topic to be treated seriously. Much of the literature has focused on negative outcomes. Little attention has been given to the intentional steps by which producers of children’s television can bring about positive social outcomes. The work of Stein and her associates is an exception (see Stein, 1972; Stein, Friedrich, & Vondracek, undated). It is not enough that we concern ourselves with reducing undesirable effects of television (e.g., removing the violence from Saturday morning cartoons). The means must be found to enhance desirable effects (e.g., positive forms of socialization). By defining and teaching social goals and measuring the results,Sesame Street has taken an important step in this direction. The research described in this paper was performed at Teaching Research, a Division of the Oregon State System of Higher Education, under a contract with Children’s Television Workshop, Inc. D. Lynn McDonald and Sherrill L. Whittemore were research assistants. Sandra Dawson, Sheryl Hirshon, Pearl Roossinck Paulson, Terry Toedtemeier, and Timm Tripplet worked on the project. H. Del Schalock of Teaching Research and Barbara F. Reeves, Patricia L. Hayes, and Edward L. Palmer of CTW provided many of the basic ideas. A complete technical report on the study is available (Paulson, McDonald, & Whittemore, 1973).     

论失独家庭的政府救助

失独家庭作为计划生育制度的必然遗患,成为了严重的社会问题。作为一个日益庞大的社会群体他们所面临的问题却始终难以得到解决。本文对失独群体的现状进行了浅显的分析,提出了他们现实中所面临的养老、医疗、返贫等多种问题,并从政府角度探讨了相应的解决措施。     

齿轮范成加工教具

针对教学过程中渐开线齿廓的形成过程难教难学的问题,设计制造了齿轮范成加工教具。该教具采用滚齿加工蜡制齿轮,可实现渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮和变位齿轮的加工,可用于范成法加工齿轮的演示教学和学生实验。     

EIKON: Teaching a high-school technology course with the aid of virtual reality

This paper presents EIKON, an integrated open educational environment used to support high-school technology courses. EIKON combines state-of-the-art information technologies, such as virtual reality, hypermedia and networking. Our pedagogical approach is constructivism and collaborative learning. Students using EIKON study the evolution of agricultural technology since the prehistoric times. The environment could be used as a starting point for the exploration of virtual reality microworlds and the discovery of multidisciplinary information, which relates to most of the courses taught in modern high-schools (history, geography, physics, chemistry, biology, environmental care, ecological awareness etc). A case study with a sample of nineteen information technology high-school teachers reports on content, pedagogical, and software quality issues. The results indicate competence of multimedia information, very good instructional design, and very good software quality. Especially for virtual environments, all the teachers declared ease of orientation, but only the 26.3% declared ease in navigation using the navigation controls provided by the software.     

美国联邦大学生资助政策对高等教育的影响

美国联邦大学生资助政策伴随国家和社会的现实需要而产生和发展,并在政策环境的影响下经过逐步改革而日趋完善。本文分析了联邦学生资助政策在扩大弱势群体的高等教育机会,在促进教育平等和社会公平等方面产生了积极影响,但也指出在不同群体高等教育入学机会和未来发展方面仍旧存在很大差距,就联邦学生资助政策而言,主要是学生资助资金不足以及学生资助体系以贷款为主所致。     

多媒体技术与课堂教学改革

多媒体技术在课堂教学中的应用已经非常广泛了,但是如何利用多媒体技术促进课堂教学改革却仍值得我们探讨,课堂教学手段和教学模式的变革必须适应教学要求,利用多媒体技术可以促进和深化课堂教学的各个方面的改革.