积极德育理念对高职院校德育工作的启示

当前高职院校的德育工作中存在着重管理轻引导、重说教轻体验、重理论轻实践的问题,受积极心理学内涵及理念的启示,在高职院校中引入积极德育的教育理念有助于培养学生的道德主体意识、提升学生的道德体验认同、增强学生的道德行动意愿,因而对高职院校德育工作的改善有重要意义。     

Pride as moral motive: moral pride and prosocial behaviour / El orgullo como motivación moral: orgullo moral y conducta prosocial

Moral pride, namely the pride generated by morally positive behaviour, can foster prosocial behaviour. To demonstrate this, two quasi-experimental studies were conducted with nine- to 11-year-old children. Study 1 analysed the effect of the pride felt after engaging in prosocial behaviour, in four classrooms from two different schools (N = 94). Study 2 analysed the effect of the pride generated by the evocation of a past example of one’s own prosocial behaviour, in four classrooms from another school (N = 77). The hypothesis was supported in Study 1 but not in Study 2. Interesting correlations were found between dispositional moral pride (measured using a scale designed ad hoc) and other relevant variables in the moral field: intention to engage in prosocial behaviour, habitual prosocial behaviour and dispositional empathy. In general, these studies attest to the importance of moral pride, both dispositional and that felt in a specific situation, in moral life.     

A Moral Experience Feedback Loop: Modeling a system of moral self-cultivation in everyday life

This systems thinking model illustrates a common feedback loop by which people engage the moral world and continually reshape their moral sensibility. The model highlights seven processes that collectively form this feedback loop: beginning with (1) one’s current moral sensibility which shapes processes of (2) perception, (3) deliberation, (4) decision-making, (5) embodying action, (6) reflection on self-evaluation and other’s responses, and (7) consolidation into one’s moral sensibility of the lessons learned. Improvements on previous models of moral engagement include (1) recognizing moral sensibility as the grounding for moral engagement, (2) articulating a systems approach and (3) illustrating a feedback loop that brings the moral protagonist full-circle leaving her with a slightly changed moral sensibility with which to engage the next moral context.     

连接“道”与“人”的桥梁——老子“天德观”思想及其德育价值

老子思想中,与“道”最密切的概念是“德”.“德”是“道”化生万物过程中的最初产物,是纯朴未散、有质无形的“炁”,也是畜养万物、决定万物发展方向的支配性力量.明确了“道”与“无”、“德”与“一”在老子哲学体系中的对应关系之后,老子思想中“天德”的意义和地位才能突显出来.“天德”是人德的内在决定力量,人在婴儿阶段都曾丰厚地拥有过,而随着人的成长,“天德”不断消耗,人也愈难与之相应.“天德”支配善恶又超越善恶.“德”的系统性和“道法自然”的总原则决定了“天德观”视野下道德的开放性.老子“天德观”有助于重树道德信仰,呼唤德育“修身”范式的实质性回归,并指向了德育生活化的灵魂所在.     

时代性 实践性 辩证性 系统性——论江泽民以德治国方略的特点

江泽民以德治国的思想是在发展社会主义市场经济的历史背景下提出来的，它既吸取了中国传统文化中德治思想的精华，又和传统社会的德治在内涵上有重大的差别，更不同于封建专制下的“人治”。市场经济是法制经济与道德经济的统一，是自利与利他的统一。道德是法律的基础，法律是道德的保障。要把依法治国与以德治国辩证地统一起来，把道德建设作为一项系统工程来抓，特别要把“从严治官”放到首要的位置。     

Revitalizing human virtue by restoring organic morality*

Most of human history and prehistory was lived in economic poverty but with social and ecological wealth, both of which are diminishing as commodification takes over most everything. Human moral wealth has also deteriorated. Because humans are biosocially, dynamically, and epigenetically shaped, early experience is key for developing one’s moral capital. When early experience is species-atypical, meaning that it falls outside the evolved developmental niche (EDN), which is often the case in modern societies, biopsychosocial moral development is undermined, shifting one’s nature and worldview to self-protectionism. Individuals develop into self-regarding shadows of their potential selves, exhibiting threat-reactive moral mindsets that promote unjust treatment of other humans and nonhumans. Humanity’s moral wealth can be re-cultivated by taking up what indigenous people all over the world know: that a good life, a virtuous life, is a one that is led by a well-cultivated heart, embodied in action that includes partnership with nonhumans. Moral educators can help students to revamp their capacities with self-calming skills, the development of social pleasure and communal ecological imagination.     

Moral stress in teaching practice

The purpose of this article is to study whether moral stress is a phenomenon relevant to teaching practice and which may make a significant contribution to understanding why teachers repeatedly reported feeling burdened by work. Moral stress can be caused by acting in conflict with one’s own conscience, e.g. when one knows the right thing to do but institutional constraints make it difficult to act in a way that is consistent with one’s morals. The method used in this study is critical incident technique focusing ethical dilemmas in teaching. The findings add a phenomenon to previous research of moral stress in other professions; moral stress can be caused not only by external regulations, but also by internal moral imperatives in conflict with one another.     

Moral self-determination: The nature,existence, and formation of moral motivation

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses three basic questions about moral motivation. Concerning the nature of moral motivation, it argues that it involves responsiveness to both reasons of morality and the value of persons and everything else of value. Moral motivation is thus identified as reason-responsive appropriate valuing. Regarding whether it is possible for people to be morally motivated, the paper relies on Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to show how moral motivation is a likely product of education that is need-supportive in modeling appropriate valuing and engaging students in the kinds of reasoning that are essential to moral motivation. Virtuous motivation that inclines people to engage in morally motivated acts is equated with being morally self-determining or achieving the right kind of integrated motivation. SDT shows how people come to be morally motivated, and the paper concludes that an identified aspiration to be virtuous may play a significant role.     

Moral Education in a Plural Society: Malaysia

Abstract

Moral education is being phased into the state‐approved curriculum in Malaysia and is designed for non‐Muslim pupils in the school population. The stated aim of the curriculum is the development of a ‘morally‐mature’ person who will be able to make independent judgements in a moral conflict situation. This paper gives an account of the processes involved in the evolution of the moral education programme, while commenting on issues that impinge most centrally upon it.     

Located in the thin of it: Young children’s use of thin moral concepts

One important socio-cultural medium through which young children’s moral understanding is cultivated is parent/child discourse. Of particular interest to us was young children’s use of basic (‘thin’) evaluative concepts (good, bad, right and wrong), which are ubiquitous in everyday discourse and serve as a potential bridge from the non-moral to the moral domain. We investigated 14 2–5-year-old children’s (and their parents’) use of thin evaluative concepts and found that while they frequently used good and bad to morally evaluate other people’s and their own psychological/dispositional states and behaviors—as well as, less frequently, to highlight relevant standards, expectations and rules—they did not use right and wrong. In contrast, a sample of US written and spoken public conversation revealed that adults did. Reasons for this are discussed, along with the frequency of different types of moral evaluations, differences between children and their parents, and age-related trends.     

传统道德中的生命意义解读——论“生命·实践”道德体系的构建

学校德育的实效性问题仍是当前学校道德教育中一个重要难题.文章在分析当前学校道德教育理论与实践中存在问题的基础上,提出学校道德教育问题的实质是在长期的学校道德教育中,道德的意义被异化,道德教育被视为一种知识教育,忽略了道德作为人的一种生存方式所具有的内在主体性和动态生成性,其后果是导致了道德价值观念形成与道德行为中的生命意义的缺失.作者通过对中国传统文化中道德意义的追述,充分肯定传统文化中"道"与"德"的动态转化及"天之大德日生"所孕含的丰富生命意识,提出在新的历史时期应重新审视与理解传统文化中的道德内涵,以现代意义铨释传统道德,以"生命·实践"为目标构建新的道德教育体系,重建道德教育生命基础.     

Education and the overcoming of evil

Abstract

In this essay, I try to make sense out of Kant’s unusual concept of grace, particularly as regards its uneasy relationship to education within the context of the effort to overcome evil. The key to the puzzle, I argue, lies in what I call ‘moral receptivity’. Part of education’s job is to make us morally receptive to grace by preparing us for its possibility.     

高校道德教育的知识化倾向及其回归

道德教育不同于知识教育,它传授的不是合理性和科学性的知识,而是培养学生养成一定的道德品质以及与此相应的行为方式。而高校道德教育中"主知观念"引导下的主知性道德教学虽有其自身合理性,但是大大缩小了道德教育的空间,简化了道德教育过程。这种价值取向下的道德教学以客观普遍化的知识割裂了道德教育与现实生活。高校道德教育要进一步发挥育人效果,必须从道德教学观念上、内容目标上和方法上进行转换,价值取向转向"主德"道德教育。     

试论体育教学中如何进行德育渗透

德育是教学中的一项重要内容,特别是体育教学,更具有德育渗透的优势.本文试图从体育教学中探索德育渗透的独特意义、原则、内容、形式,以促进学生德智体全面发展.     

中学英语教学中的德育渗透

德育是学校教育的重要内容之一，英语教学中首先可通过学习目的教育，使学者明白英语的重要性，其次，可结合教材内容进行思想品德教育，和情感教育，把智育和德育有机地融合在一起。     

The promotion of moral ideals in schools; what the state may or may not demand

The content and boundaries of moral education the state may require schools to offer is a matter of contention. This article investigates whether the state may obligate schools to promote the pursuit of moral ideals. Moral ideals refer to (a cluster of) characteristics of a person as well as to situations or states that are believed to be morally excellent or perfect and that are not yet realised. Having an ideal typically means that the person is dedicated to realising the type of situation or person to which the ideal refers. Therefore generating student enthusiasm for moral ideals may be an effective way to realise a morally excellent society. This article defends the position that schools may be required to promote the recognition of ideals that all reasonable citizens endorse. Reasonable citizens will not, however, accept that the state obligates schools to promote the pursuit of moral ideals.     

论道德位能的存在形态及意义

道德位能是道德能够产生社会效用的内在动因,揭示道德位能的内在规定性,可以透过纷繁复杂的道德社会效用现象,准确地把握道德社会效用的本质,并可以依此对道德的社会效用进行量化评价。     

Putting emotion into the self: a response to the 2008 Journal of Moral Education Special Issue on moral functioning

This paper takes as its starting point the Journal of Moral Education Special Issue (September, 2008, 37[3]) ‘Towards an integrated model of moral reasoning’. Although explicitly post‐Kohlbergian, the authors in this Special Issue do not, I argue, depart far enough from Kohlberg’s impoverished notion of the role of the affective in moral life—or when they do so depart, they incorporate emotions as mere intuitive thrusts in an essentially polarised two‐system view of the moral self. Prior to that complaint, I sketch an account of two contrasting self‐paradigms: a ‘dominant’ cognitive, anti‐realist (constructivist) paradigm and an ‘alternative’ realist and emotion‐based one. I explore the implications of the latter paradigm, which I endorse, for our understanding of the ‘emotional self’: a self imbued with and constituted by (potentially rationally grounded) emotions. I finally contrast that understanding with the one permeating the Special Issue and elicit some educational implications of the alternative paradigm.     

杜威德育思想与我国德育变革

杜威德育思想的核心可以概括为以“道德的教育”培养“道德的人”。“道德的人”就是民主社会中的“有用的好人”,“道德的教育”就是培养个体有效参与社会生活的能力的教育,是承担学校社会责任的教育。杜威德育思想对我国德育原理的启示就是在“充分承担各种社会关系所赋予的责任”意义上重新阐释“道德人”概念,在“德育即教育的道德维度”意义上对既有的德育实体性概念进行批判与重构,将“德育首位”看作“将教育的社会属性放在学校教育规划的首位”,将“学科德育”理解为“通过学科教学增强学生理解和参与社会生活的能力、智慧和情感”,从而在整体上反思学校教育的德性基础。并且,杜威思想也提示了我国德育实践变革的学校教育整体德性改造路径。     

个体道德认知发展理论及对学校德育的启示

道德是人类社会永恒的追求。文章在分析皮亚杰和科尔伯格的道德认知发展理论及其研究的基础上,着重探讨科尔伯格将理论运用于学校道德教育实践提出的采用道德讨论策略和公正团体策略促进儿童道德判断水平发展的方法。据此提出中国学校德育应该摒弃只对有关道德知识的讲授和灌输,应加强学生自身的主体建构,改善其道德认知的结构,提高其道德行为的水平以发展其道德品格。