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This paper proposes a new perspective for higher education policy research. It introduces the concept of policy object to designate the discrete preoccupation(s) of a policy text (e.g. a new governance regime, a quality system, or new degrees) and suggests that actor conceptualisations of the policy object intersect with other elements in the policy process to shape enactment and outcomes. First, the policy object concept is described. It is argued that the policy object does not have an objective existence and two concepts are proposed to explain it: ontology and enacted ontology. The former refers to what actors believe the policy object is, a socially-construed context-determined conceptualisation, whereas enacted ontology refers to what the policy object becomes further to enactment under the influence of ontology. Second, the paper presents the findings of a comparative study of master degrees further to the Bologna process in different national and institutional settings to illustrate the policy object approach. This research puts forward arguments to suggest that the policy object could be an important variable to consider in policy research. This somewhat different lens, inviting fine-grained attention to a specific policy object (its ontologies and enacted ontologies), could bring additional insight into policy outcomes.  相似文献   

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提高教师质量正在成为各国教育改革的重要课题。我们的邻国日本,在20世纪80年代提出了关注“指导力不足教师”的理念,试图通过解决不胜任教师问题来提升教师的整体素质.在政府的推动下,各地教育委员会纷纷建立了针对“指导力不足教师”的管理体制。本文试图对“指导力不足教师”的概念、现状和制度建设中存在的问题进行系统梳理,以期为我国解决同类问题提供有益的参考.  相似文献   

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Earlier research had shown that in some Russian schools, pupils were significantly more highly motivated to learn in school than in some American and English schools. Further inquiry was conducted to ascertain to what extent such high motivation might be attributed to schooling-related factors. It is suggested that Russian schools exhibit a 'pedagogical nexus' - a set of linked, interactive and mutually reinforcing influences on pupils' motivation to learn within and because of the schooling process- in which continuity of school, class and teacher - inter-generational continuity; closeness of home-school relations; readiness and preparation for schooling; the articulation of a national curriculum in school texts and in a critical pedagogics; the extent and character of inter-relation between lesson, textbook, homework and assessment; and the role of memorisation in learning - play highly inter-related and mutually attuned roles. It is argued that the terms of explanation of an unfamiliar education system cannot be reliably used for the identification of isolable practices for transnational export to other systems. Explanations of unfamiliar systems can, however, raise powerful and pointed evaluative questions of general interest.  相似文献   

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本文笔者在考察了日本、澳大利亚两国参加“重塑教育”项目学校的教育信息网络建设、教师专业化发展等方面后,将获得的经验进行了总结并对项目的进一步开展提出了建议。  相似文献   

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The millennium round of the General Agreement on Tradein Services (GATS) underlines issues relating to the regulationof education as an internationally traded service. Transnationaleducation is a key component of such trade. Southeast Asia issomething of a laboratory in the development and regulation oftransnational education. The region combines high demand, keencompetition among providers, and host country regulatory regimesranging from relatively laissez faire to strongly interventionist.This paper examines the approaches of three Southeast Asiangovernments – Hong Kong, Malaysia and Australia – to theregulation of transnational education within their borders. Ineach case the authors provide background on the higher educationsystem, describe the regulatory approaches to transnationaleducation, and analyse the motivations behind regulation. Boththe neoliberal approach of the WTO to trade in educationalservices, and critiques of this approach, are outlined. Theauthors conclude that any attempts to promote global standards orquality principles for transnational education must address themyriad concerns of governments, including consumer protection,advancing national goals and protecting the local system.  相似文献   

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Irrespective of how the roles, tasks, and responsibilities of principals have evolved due to educational change and reform, the school principal still holds the key to achieving school effectiveness. Over the last few decades, extensive studies have been conducted on the role of the school principal. Most scholars, researchers, and school reformers have discussed the role of the school principal as the school leader, school manager, key decision maker, facilitator, problem solver, chief executive officer, chief learner, marketer, team leader, and agent of change (Edmonds 1979; Clark, Lotto, and Astuto 1984; Smith and Purkey 1983; Gamage 1990, 1996a, and 1996b; Barth 1991; Sergiovanni 1987; Thomson 1993; Caldwell 1994; and Cranston 1996). These studies, however, provided only limited information about the profiles and professional development of school leaders who are meeting the new challenges in 21st-century schools.

In recent years, as a result of increased collaboration and communication among educational institutions in various nations, a series of research projects to examine and compare aspects of school leadership, including professional education and experiences of school leaders, have been conducted. This paper presents the profiles and entry perspectives of Australian and Japanese school principals, and information on preservice and in–service training programs related to professional development. Implications for changes in university-level professional development programs, and selection and training of school principals in both Australia and Japan are examined.  相似文献   

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《Africa Education Review》2013,10(1):106-122
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In this article the Sub-Saharan Africa region's attempt to implement open and distance learning collaboration programmes, in line with the ideals of the World Declaration on Education for All (WDEFA), are discussed. The discussion is based on an analysis of the WDEFA policy; participation in, minutes and reports of the Multi-Channel Learning Base (MCLB) initiative; and a brief review of the literature on policy and ODL collaboration. The conclusions drawn from this analysis are that: the WDEFA was a useful policy on international collaboration for meeting basic learning needs; the MCLB initiative, though laudable in having shared in three regional activities of ODL experience in Sub-Saharan Africa and having developed a regional ODL programme of action, was unsuccessful in implementing collaborative programmes in the region. The reasons for the MCLB's failure relate to unrealistic timeframes, lack of resources, preference for national rather than international programmes, and the proposed location of the MCLB.  相似文献   

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This paper examines the impact of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) on transnational higher education in four countries: New Zealand, Australia, Singapore and Malaysia. The GATS is a multilateral agreement through which WTO members commit to voluntary liberalisation of trade in services, including education. Transnational (or offshore) education refers to education that is delivered by an institution based in one country to students located in a different country. Two of the countries considered, New Zealand and Australia, have made commitments under GATS to allow relatively unrestricted cross-border provision of education in their countries, while the other two countries, Singapore and Malaysia, have made no such commitment. There is currently considerable activity in renegotiating countries’ commitments to GATS as part of the Doha round of WTO negotiations, and simultaneously bilateral free trade agreements are being proposed between countries in the region. In this context, this paper examines the practical impact that GATS has had on these two countries that have made commitments regarding education, and the likely impact that similar commitments by Malaysia and Singapore would have on the tertiary education systems in those major importing countries.  相似文献   

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澳大利亚职业教育e-lerning发展政策概况与启示   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文主要从政策背景、目标、内容和重点、发展策略和行动计划及研究支持等多个角度,对澳大利亚政府制定的几个阶段性的e-elarning发展政策进行了概述,然后通过纵向和横向等多个层面的概括分析,得出值得借鉴的几点启示.  相似文献   

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政策执行必须有一个良好的环境。受客观、主观因素的影响,农村政策执行中产生的一些问题,影响了政策执行效力。从政策系统的角度分析农村政策执行影响因素,可为解决农村政策执行中出现的问题提供新的参照。  相似文献   

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The study examined the process of policy implementation of lifelong learning for the elderly in Thailand, covering four main regions within the country. The study empirically compared inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes of policy implementation in the north, south, northeast, and central regions of Thailand and captured the rigor of policy implementation. Using qualitative research methodology, the study showed that each region had established a networking model among stakeholders differently, with distinct actors as focal points in promoting the policy. North and south were the two regions where the elderly were most active and had contributed substantially in terms of inputs. They had also steered the process of policy implementation through close collaboration with sub-district administrative offices and the establishment of their respective associations for the elderly. The other two regions depended on support from the central government and regional branch of the office of non-formal and informal education. The sharp contrast between the regions led to the conclusion that the direction and pro-activeness in promoting lifelong learning policy for the elderly people in Thailand yielded different policy outputs and outcomes; that policy outputs and outcomes remained at the discretion of key actors within each locality; and that policy output and outcome were also not completely dependent on the top-down direction provided by the national government.  相似文献   

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The development of a counsellor education program and the implementation and dissemination of counselling services in Dutch schools is treated in this article as an example of educational innovation in a country with a centralized system of decision-making in educational matters. Advantages and disadvantages of the pivotal role of the government in the determination of educational policy are discussed with respect to the counselling movement.  相似文献   

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吴举宏 《生物学教学》2009,34(12):24-25
本文主要介绍了在中学生物学课堂教学演示中有关对象与背景的艺术处理、设计与过程的优化处理、重点与难点的彰现处理、意外与事故的紧急处理等策略。  相似文献   

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府际关系是研究政策执行的一个重要视角,它能够更好的理清政策执行的脉络,发现政策执行时容易遇到的问题,本文就对府际关系进行简要概述,从府际关系的角度分析我国在政策执行时遇到的问题,针对存在的问题,提出相应的解决办法,以期给予相关机构和部门在政策执行方面一些有益的理论支撑。  相似文献   

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As of April 1 of 2004, Japanese national universities became National University Corporations (NUCs hereafter). While the reform was implemented in a wave of initiatives for restructuring government activities, it reflected to an extent the current global trend toward marketization of higher education. Examination of this reform will not only help understand the current reforms in Japan, but also illuminate some of the fundamental issues that the higher education systems in the world are facing. In this article, I shall outline the historical and political backdrops of the reform (Sect. 1), outline the basic construct of the NUC (Sect. 2), examine the process of implementation and the issues revealed in the process (Sect. 3), and discuss basic problems involved in this scheme.  相似文献   

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