优化德育环境实现德育可持续发展

德育工作与国家前途命运系于一身,要实现德育工作可持续发展,必须正视校园环境内普遍存在的作弊现象和只见分数不见人的畸形师生关系,家庭环境中家长认识上的误区和言行方面的误导,社会经济环境、多媒体污染.整治德育环境,真正形成学校、家庭、社会共同参与的德育格局,还孩子们整个洁净晴空.     

To give or not to give: children's and adolescents' sharing and moral negotiations in economic decision situations

This study interconnects developmental psychology of fair and moral behavior with economic game theory. One hundred eighty-nine 9- to 17-year-old students shared a sum of money as individuals and groups with another anonymous group (dictator game). Individual allocations did not differ by age but did by gender and were predicted by participants' preferences for fair allocations. Group decision making followed a majority process. Level of moral reasoning did not predict individual offers, but group members with a higher moral reasoning ability were more influential during group negotiations and in influencing group outcomes. The youngest participants justified offers more frequently by referring to simple distribution principles. Older participants employed more complex reasons to justify deviations from allocation principles.     

构建和谐高校提高大学生思想道德素养

高校作为我国未来社会建设人才的储备基地,在整个社会体系当中占据着重要的作用地位。要落实党中央所提出的科学发展观,构建和谐社会,就必须要将和谐高校的构建作为一条关键性的途径。构建和谐高校,必须要以大学生的思想道德素养为基础与前提,虽然大学生的思想道德教育一直以来都是教育工作者所研究的重点,也始终受到了来自国家与社会的重视,但是就当前大学生的实际思想道德素养而言,还存在着诸多需要改进之处。为进一步提高我国高校大学生的思想道德素养,本文首先对和谐高校构建与大学生思想道德之间的关系,以及当前大学生的思想道德现状进行了分析,然后就提高大学生思想道德教育工作有效性的措施提出了部分探讨性建议,以期对我国和谐高校的构建起到促进作用,并最终推动我国和谐化社会的建设进程。     

To see or not to see: analyzing difficulties in geometry from the perspective of visual perception

In this paper, we consider theories about processes of visual perception and perception-based knowledge representation (VPR) in order to explain difficulties encountered in figural processing in junior high school geometry tasks. In order to analyze such difficulties, we take advantage of the following perspectives of VPR: (1) Perceptual organization: Gestalt principles, (2) recognition: bottom-up and top-down processing; and (3) representation of perception-based knowledge: verbal vs. pictorial representation, mental images and hierarchical structure of images. Examples given in the paper were mostly taken from Gal's study (2005) which aimed at identifying and analyzing Problematic Learning Situations (after Gal & Linchevski, 2000) in junior high school geometry classes. Gal's study (2005) suggests that while this theoretical perspective became part of teachers' pedagogic content knowledge, the teachers were aware of their students' thinking processes and their ability to analyze and cope with their students’ difficulties in geometry was improved.     

生存还是毁灭

"生存还是毁灭。"除《圣经》以外,这六个字是整个世界文学中最著名的六个字。这六个字是哈姆雷特喃喃自语时所说的,而这六个字也是莎士比亚作品中最有名的几个字,因为哈姆雷特不仅道出了自己的心声,也道出了所有在思考的人的心声。生存还是毁灭——是活     

网络舆情视野下的大学生德育创新

伴随着互联网的迅猛发展,网络舆情的影响力日益增强,网络舆情逐渐显现出来多元性、突发性、隐匿性等特点,对高校大学生的思想和行为产生了多方面的影响。因此,正确利用网络舆情开展德育教育,并在此基础实现内容、手段和体制的创新,是高校德育的挑战。     

The effects of students' academic,financial, and demographic variables on time to the doctorate

The time taken to earn doctorates is of major importance to administrators and faculty. By using stepwise multiple regression techniques, this study predicted time to doctorate from the available demographic, academic, and financial variables and determined the significance of each variable on time to the doctorate. The data for this study came from the National Research Council's Doctorate Records File extract prepared for UCLA. This institution is particularly appropriate for a study of this kind, since it annually awards over 400 doctorates in over 75 different majors. Its doctoral recipients represent the range of academic fields of study. The results of this study indicated that source of support was the most important variable in predicting time to doctorate. Following source of support were postdoctoral plans, number of dependents, sex, and field of study. Together these variables explained a significant amount of variation in the criterion variable.     

The susceptibility of student evaluation of lecturers to situational variables

To investigate the effect of a number of situational factors on student evaluations of lecturers, a teacher rating form (TRF) was administered to 326 first-year students taking an Introduction to Economics course. A comparison was made of the responses of the following subgroups among the students: full-time versus part-time students; students asked to sign their responses versus those whose responses were left anonymous; students told that their responses were just for feedback to the lecturer versus those told that their responses would be used for promotion, tenure, and salary decisions about the lecturer; students told that the TRFs were sponsored by the student association versus those told that the TRFs were sponsored by the staff association. The factors of sponsor identity (staff or student association) and use of ratings (feedback or decisional) had significant effects on TRF scores; but the effects of the factors of anonymity and full- versus part-time were insignificant. These results are taken as suggestive evidence that conditions of administration can modify student responses to TRFs and that they should be as uniform as possible if TRFs are to be used to compare lecturers.     

To refer or not to refer: Evaluation for special education

The authors are with the School of Education, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL.     

Instructional objectives: What effects do they have on students' attitudes towards integrated science?

The effect of instructional objectives on students' attitudes towards integrated science was investigated in this study. The sample consisted of 291 class one (seventh grade) students who were pretested before being exposed to the experimental situations. There were two experimental groups (objective and no objective) and a control group. A posttest was administered after the completion of the treatment. Results showed that the experimental groups had more favorable attitudes towards integrated science than the control group; the no objective group had better attitudes than the objective group. There was no significant effect due to the type of school or sex of the students. Implications for science teaching are considered.     

博士生学术道德意识建构及学术道德教育的启示

在道德问题日益凸显的今天,违反学术道德的现象也成为备受社会瞩目的现实问题.本研究利用数字化教学平台,以学术研究后备群体——博士研究生为研究对象进行实证分析,发现该群体对学术不端行为的认识,包括学术底线、学术正义和学术自觉三个层面.因此今后在构建博士生的学术道德教育体系时,应该以该群体对学术不端行为的三个层面的认知架构为基础,逐步纠正博士生对学术不端行为的认识,以降低他们未来实施学术不端行为的可能性,为社会培养具有高尚学术道德水平的学术队伍.     

化学漫画:情境教学的新视角

本文以＂酸雨的形成和危害＂为例,介绍从生活经验出发以漫画以独特的艺术形式创设情境,促进学生主动学习。