Exploring the role of gratitude in the professional experience of pre-service teachers

The burgeoning body of empirical research in the area of positive psychology points to the beneficial effect of gratitude on factors that could be relevant to some of the challenges faced by pre-service teachers. Although the topic of gratitude has also long been discussed in other fields, there has been a noticeable absence of mention in teacher education research, and in education more broadly. The present article presents a theoretical framework for considering gratitude in the context of pre-service teachers’ professional experience. It then outlines a small qualitative pilot study of outcomes reported by six pre-service teachers when they consciously applied gratitude in their second practicum. The practicum was undertaken in a variety of primary- and secondary-school settings. Each participant reported positive effects in the areas of improved relationships, enhanced wellbeing, and improved teaching outcomes. Although this was a small exploratory study, the findings align closely with wider empirical work on gratitude. We propose that the outcomes reported by participants in this small study point to the value of further research on the role of gratitude in educational contexts and of considering practices of gratitude in teacher education pedagogy.     

Taxing times: an educational intervention to enhance moral reasoning in tax

This paper outlines the development and implementation of an online educational intervention designed to enhance moral reasoning in higher level tax students. Before decisions are made about how to behave ethically, cognitive moral reasoning takes place. The importance of education in developing morally sensitive individuals who use principled moral reasoning has been widely acknowledged. The literature contends that moral reasoning might be enhanced through certain forms of intervention studies. An online educational intervention designed to enhance moral reasoning in tax was developed and empirically tested for effectiveness through the use of a pre- and post-test and focus group feedback gathered from students. Students' contributions to ethical discussions were analysed to determine their perceptions of salient issues concerning ethics in tax. This paper will inform future educators and researchers designing effective ethics interventions.     

心理健康、道德行为与德育工作

心理健康、道德行为与德育工作有着密切的关系，这为德育工作者从新的角度去开展工作提供了启示。     

Purpose as a moral virtue for flourishing

Positive psychology has significantly influenced studies in the fields of moral philosophy, psychology and education, and scholars in those fields have attempted to apply its ideas and methods to moral education. Among various theoretical frameworks, virtue ethics is most likely to connect positive psychology to moral educational studies because it pursues eudaimonia (flourishing). However, some virtue ethicists have been concerned about whether the current mainstream concept of positive psychology can apply directly to moral education because it focuses on subjective aspects of happiness, but not its objective and moral aspects. Thus, I will consider whether the concept of purpose, which was investigated recently by a group of psychologists and emphasizes both subjective and objective aspects of happiness, can address this issue. I will examine whether purpose is a moral virtue contributing to flourishing, consider if its nature is possibly a second-order virtue and whether it is distinguishable from other second-order virtues.     

儿童心理理论与儿童道德发展研究

从儿童心理理论角度思考道德心理的两个方面问题:一是从儿童心理理论看个体道德发展,如:道德发展中的自我中心主义、自律道德、观点采择、移情和道德情绪归因判断等;二是从儿童心理理论看道德心理研究方法的深化和内容的扩展。     

Neural correlates of moral sensitivity and moral judgment associated with brain circuitries of selfhood: A meta-analysis

The present study meta-analyzed 45 experiments with 959 subjects and 463 activation foci reported in 43 published articles that investigated the neural mechanism of moral functions by comparing neural activity between the moral task conditions and non-moral task conditions with the Activation Likelihood Estimation method. The present study examined the common activation foci of morality-related task conditions. In addition, the study compared the neural correlates of moral sensitivity with the neural correlates of moral judgment, which are the two functional components in the Neo-Kohlbergian model of moral functioning. The results showed that brain regions associated with the default mode network were significantly more active during morality-related task conditions than during non-morality task conditions. These brain regions were also commonly activated in both moral judgment and moral sensitivity task conditions. In contrast, the right temporoparietal junction and supramarginal gyrus were found to be more active only during conditions of moral judgment. These findings suggest that the neural correlates of moral sensitivity and moral judgment are perhaps commonly associated with brain circuitries of self-related psychological processes, but the neural correlates of those two functional components are distinguishable from each other.     

小学思想品德课堂教学的几点体会

学校教育要把德育工作放在首位，把它看成素质教育的重中之重．小学思想品德课堂教学要做到转变观念，重视德育；使德育工作无处不在；让学生身体力行，亲身体会；家校配合，协调发展。     

Vygotsky and moral education: A response to and expansion of Tappan

Despite increasing studies and applications of Vygotsky’s theory of learning and development, little has been written connecting Vygotsky specifically to moral education. The most comprehensive attempt at formulating such an account is given by Mark Tappan. I critically evaluate Tappan’s account before raising several problems for his approach. I then offer suggestions for resolving these issues by turning to research in socialization theory and recommending additional sociocultural artifacts that can supplement moral education.     

The role of gratitude in enhancing the relationship between doctoral research students and their supervisors

While increasing attention is being placed on the crucial importance of a positive supervisor–student relationship, few studies have investigated how to enhance this. Our paper investigates the effect of gratitude practices, proposing it brings both focus and intentionality to the student–supervisor relationship resulting in better research outcomes and, by implication, a positive impact on attrition rates. Recent research has demonstrated that increased attention to gratitude can enhance relational well-being, but only a few studies investigate the role of gratitude in the higher education context. This qualitative case study explores the impact of gratitude as an intervention, following eight Ph.D. students and their two supervisors, in the schools of physical sciences, and medicine over a six-week period of focused attention on practices of gratitude. Findings revealed that all participants noted a positive impact in the areas of communication, social and emotional well-being, as well as on the research process itself.     

促进知行合一加强道德建设

道德认知与道德行为相统一,是道德建设的关键,在现实生活中,相当一部分道德主体的道德认知与道德行为之间存在着较大的落差,就在道德建设中如何促进知行合一的问题进行一些探讨很有必要.     

从积极心理干预研究探讨主观幸福感的提升途径

回顾了积极心理干预对主观幸福感影响的研究情况,从干预活动的开发、干预活动的效果及持续时间,到影响干预活动的变量等方面综述了三个著名的干预活动：“描述未来理想自我”“记述感恩事件”和“帮助他人”.在此基础上提出了使用积极心理干预时需要注意的问题.     

网络德育：道德自律的觉醒与道德人格的重塑

网络道德教育的落脚点和归宿是促使道德生活主体的道德自律意识的觉醒，并在此基础上重塑主体性道德人格。这是人的主体性的道德人格发展的历史性、内在性和现实性的必然要求。觉醒和重塑的途径即要从外在的影响因素方面考虑，又要从内在的主体意识发展方面入手。     

关于中职学校师生共建积极心理的思考

文章分析了中职学校目前德育教育现状及对积极心理学溯源和内涵进行阐释,提出师生共建积极心理的若干思考,并阐述其意义。     

Teacher loyalty of elementary schools in Taiwan: the contribution of gratitude and relationship quality

Gratitude was an important missing factor in the extant relationship quality and relationship loyalty model. We introduced gratitude into the model of relationship quality and relationship loyalty. Two hundred and eighteen teachers from elementary schools in Taiwan were used to conduct an empirical research. The results show that teachers' gratitude has positive direct effects on teachers' trust, satisfaction and commitment. Teachers' trust has no significant effect on behavioural loyalty but has a significant effect on attitudinal loyalty. However, teachers' satisfaction has no significant effect on attitudinal loyalty but has a significant effect on behavioural loyalty. Teachers' commitment has a significant effect on behavioural and attitudinal loyalty. The mediating role of commitment implies that it (1) partially mediates the relationship between teachers' trust and attitudinal loyalty, and fully mediates the relationship between teachers' trust and behavioural loyalty; (2) partially mediates the relationship between teachers' satisfaction and behavioural loyalty, and fully mediates the relationship between teachers' trust and attitudinal loyalty.     

道德价值实现:假设、悖论与智慧

人类迄今文本伦理思想的对象都是人的“利己心”,具有假设价值论的特征。经验主义在肯定和高扬人的“利己心”的同时,运用假设的方式将道德价值实现引向尊重社会道德规则;德性主义贬斥人的“利己心”,力图以假设的道德本体权威将道德价值实现诉诸于人们的“自警”和“自觉”,由此而构成一种整体性的假设体系,在其指导下,社会道德规则具有虚拟的形式主义倾向,道德价值实现的结果必然出现道德悖论。中国传统儒学本质上是德性主义的义务论,克服其引起普遍化道德悖论的弊端,需要在道德权利与道德义务、价值判断与逻辑判断相统一的意义上倡导道德智慧。     

思品课与课外阅读

在思想政治课教学中,教师为了激活课堂气氛,提高课堂实效,常常运用多种教学方法,却达不到预想的教学效果。本人认为,造成课堂教学收效甚微的原因是多方面的,其重要原因在于学生的课外阅读量少,且阅读质量低,知识面狭窄,学生的情感、认知、思维和教师的情感、认知、思维很难产生和谐与共鸣,导致师生互动窒息,从而影响教育教学质量的提高。     

建构与创新：思想政治教育Z心理学理论

思想政治教育Z心理学作为思想政治教育心理学中一个全新的概念和理论构架,实现积极心理学和消极心理学在思想政治教育学科的有机统一,为思想政治教育心理学开拓新的理论视野和提高思想政治教育接受效果提供有益的参考价值。     

学校道德社会化构成要素研究:进展与困惑

Moral socialization of students consists of five elements: process, subject, agent, content and pattern. This paper discusses the studies of the former three: their progress and perplexities, covering the following puzzles: “Why does the youth socialization take longer time?” “Are there any critical periods in student socialization?” “How do we identify over-socialization?” “Is ‘Education is student-based’ a scientific statement?” “How do we assess the contribution percentages of the four key agents of student socialization?”     

Exemplarism in moral education: Problems with applicability and indoctrination

ABSTRACT

This article introduces an account of moral education grounded in Zagzebski’s recent Exemplarist Moral Theory and discusses two problems that have to be solved for the account to become a realistic alternative to other educational models on the market, namely the limited-applicability problem and the problem of indoctrination. The first problem raises worries about the viability of the account in ordinary circumstances. The second charges the proposed educational model with indoctrinating students. The main goal of this article is to show how an exemplar-based account of moral education can handle both problems without compromising its structure and upshot.