科技论文中X射线衍射数据的规范表达

指出并讨论晶体结构X衍射实验数据的表示中存在的各种问题,给出其中某些参数的物理意义,以及相应数据的规范表示形式.     

X-ray computed tomography for non-destructive analysis of early Medieval swords

The analysis of early Medieval swords is of great significance due to the eminent position of the find category in the study of the early Medieval period. X-ray computed tomography is a non-destructive analytical method permitting the collection of data that otherwise could only be gathered with considerable effort and much damage to the object. Beyond the usual morphological and dimensional parameters, the method allows for the fast and accurate gathering of knowledge about the construction and manufacturing processes of sword blades and can also be applied to block-lifted swords. Preservation condition and related artifacts caused by beam hardening may be limiting factors; however, in most instances interpretation of the data remains possible.     

Identification of cellulose nitrate X-ray film for the purpose of conservation: Organic elemental analysis

Cellulose nitrate was widely used as a film base for photography, cinematography, and radiography in the first half of the twentieth century. Its stability is inherently poor and subject to environmental storage conditions. The risk of fire and the cross-infection effect on the cellulose acetate film stored at the same location necessitate that cellulose nitrate is identified within collections and stored separately. Not only medical archives, but also museums using radiography in their research may hold a sizeable amount of historical X-ray films. The Natural History Museum, London has been using film for X-radiography since before World War II. This suggests that some of the X-ray materials in its collections have a cellulose nitrate rather than ‘safety’ (cellulose acetate or polyester) film base. X-ray sheets rarely contain information related to their composition so science-based identification methods must be used. We propose the determination of nitrogen content in the film by organic elemental analysis (OEA) as a reliable method for the identification of films (X-ray, photographic, or cinematographic) with a cellulose nitrate base. Though it is a destructive method, the sample size required is small (<1?mg). This method does not require any sample preparation apart from weighing the samples and wrapping them in tin foil. OEA proved to be more accurate than the ‘float’ test in trichloroethylene and quicker and more straightforward to perform than infrared spectroscopy.     

Egyptian Sarcophagi and Mummies in the San Diego Museum of Man: Some Technical Studies

Nine ancient Egyptian sarcophagi of the twenty-fifth to twenty-sixth dynasty, one Ptolemaic Hawk Mummy, and one Amarna fresco were examined in the collections of the San Diego Museum of Man. Binding media, pigments, wood identification, deterioration and alteration products were identified. The pigment palette represents the basic suite of ancient Egyptian pigments: charcoal black, red ochre, yellow ochre, Egyptian blue, green earth, calcite, and gypsum. In the case of the Hawk mummy, oxammite was identified as a degradation product, together with magnesium phosphate, the first identification of oxammite in ancient artefacts. In a child’s coffin, realgar and orpiment were additionally identified. The binding media for practically all of the coffins studied was confirmed as gum Arabic with only one example of gum tragacanth found from a wall plaque from Amarna. Wood identification showed that Ficus sycomorus had been used, rather than the assumed cedar of Lebanon for coffin manufacture. One unidentified species of shrubby wood was also found. Some of the coffins had been restored, with one having a completely repainted face, in rutile, and the child’s coffin has an attached foot-box with modern screws. Possible indications of ancient reuse were found during the study.     

基于关键词共现的可视化技术的精神病专科医院文献主题分析

应用关键词共现的方法对全国发文量居前5位的精神痛专科医院发表的论文进行关键词词频及共现关系分析,并采用社会网络分析软件Ucinet形成可视化的共现网络图,对文献的内容进行挖掘分析。发现这5家医院在精神疾病的研究方面的侧重点各有差异。     

The terracotta modelli of Palazzo Venezia in Rome: Investigation of the constituent materials for fundamental knowledge and to aid conservation decisions

This work presents the results of the investigation carried out on a group of terracotta sculptures (modelli) (sixteenth to eighteenth century) belonging to the extraordinary collection of Palazzo Venezia in Rome. The study, the diagnostic analysis, and the conservation work, were possible thanks to the grant supplied by the Getty Foundation of Los Angeles and by the bank Intesa San Paolo. The terracotta modelli had a practical function as they were of great use as sketches to the creation of the final masterpieces or as models for restoration. As a consequence, the terracotta models allow reconstructing the creative process of artists and restorers, fundamental to outlining the ancient workshop production. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, micro-stratigraphic investigation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy were chosen as useful techniques to study the morphology and composition of the surface-painted layers. Usually the surfaces were painted in order to simulate the materials of the sculpture for which the model was created, for example lead white was used to obtain a white surface simulating marble. But, often the models were re-painted to make them more attractive for the antique trade. So, several pigments have been found on the surfaces such as zinc white, Prussian blue, chrome yellow, and mono-azo pigment. In some cases, the characterization of the surface paintings was particularly important to the final decision about removing or leaving the surface paint in place.     

英文论文中使用中国地图存在的问题及解决对策 ——基于代表性地学期刊的论文分析

自全覆盖排查整治“问题地图”专项行动开展以来,国家版图意识空前提高,但英文论文中还是存在许多中国地图使用不规范情况。本文主要针对2018—2020年Web of Science核心合集中地学相关期刊,经过严密的调查方法设计,控制问题地图类型分类精度和效果,采用知识图谱法,借助VOSviewer、Endnote等工具,核查其中包含中国地图论文在疆域完整性和制图规范性方面是否存在问题。结果表明:58.3%的论文包含问题地图;71.1%的问题类型集中在重要岛屿表达,漏绘、错绘南海诸岛及钓鱼岛、赤尾屿等重要岛屿占比较高;从国家共现关系及机构合作网络来看,论文所属机构主要来自中国,其次,美澳两国问题地图论文占比较高且联系密切。本文从版图意识、审核机制、基础数据3个方面探寻问题地图的形成原因,并从创作源头、审核过程和监督力度3个角度提出拟解决办法,以期能够引导公众对英文论文中中国地图使用不规范情况给予关注并尽早解决这一问题。     

基于论文和专利的区块链技术研发状况分析

作为比特币的底层技术,区块链近年来已经脱离比特币发展成为一种新型的分布式、去中心化、 去信任化的技术方案。本文检索了区块链技术的相关论文及专利数据,采用文献计量学方法,对国内 外区块链技术的基础研究及技术创新状况从发展趋势、主要研发人员及机构、技术热点等多个角度进 行了分析研究,希望能对我国区块链技术的发展及产业布局提供参考。     

师范院校图书馆读者文献资源需求调查与分析

论文对读者获取文献信息能力及阅读需求等方面进行了调查与分析。     

A relatedness analysis of government regulations using domain knowledge and structural organization

The complexity and diversity of government regulations make understanding and retrieval of regulations a non-trivial task. One of the issues is the existence of multiple sources of regulations and interpretive guides with differences in format, terminology and context. This paper describes a comparative analysis scheme developed to help retrieval of related provisions from different regulatory documents. Specifically, the goal is to identify the most strongly related provisions between regulations. The relatedness analysis makes use of not only traditional term match but also a combination of feature matches, and not only content comparison but also structural analysis.Regulations are first compared based on conceptual information as well as domain knowledge through feature matching. Regulations also possess specific organizational structures, such as a tree hierarchy of provisions and heavy referencing between provisions. These structures represent useful information in locating related provisions, and are therefore exploited in the comparison of regulations for completeness. System performance is evaluated by comparing a similarity ranking produced by users with the machine-predicted ranking. Ranking produced by the relatedness analysis system shows a reduction in error compared to that of Latent Semantic Indexing. Various pairs of regulations are compared and the results are analyzed along with observations based on different feature usages. An example of an e-rulemaking scenario is shown to demonstrate capabilities and limitations of the prototype relatedness analysis system.

New insights on the corrosion of ancient bronzes using X-ray powder diffraction: The importance of paratacamite,sampleite, and connellite

Research employing X-ray powder diffraction shows that clinoatacamite as the phase which should be predominant in the chloride-induced corrosion of ancient bronzes is not necessarily the dominant copper trihydroxychloride species at all, since mixtures are common, and other phases such as paratacamite or the dubious mineral phase anarakite have relevance to the corrosion products or patina of bronze antiquities. The potential reasons for this are discussed and related to the compositional parameters of ancient bronzes as well as the burial environment. Paratacamite is still identified, even in the absence of zinc, which is supposed to be the major stabilizing influence on the paratacamite lattice. X-ray power diffraction has been employed in the examination of a range of ancient bronzes from Chinese, Egyptian, Ecuadorian, Lydian, Albanian, Palestinian, and Greek contexts. This study has revealed that, far from being exotic novelties, the occurrence of both sampleite and connellite as important corrosion products of ancient bronzes has been underestimated in the published literature. Many occurrences of sampleite are related to the decomposition of contiguous human remains rather than to arid environmental factors which is the explanation for the occurrence in a geological environment, but in a burial environment other factors come into consideration.     

基于数据仓库和OLAP的图书借阅分析系统的设计

数据仓库和联机分析处理是构建决策支持系统的关键技术.本文实现了基于学生借阅信息的数据仓库的设计,首先用DTS工具实现了异构数据转换,解决了大数据量的数据转换及联机分析处理问题,在这个数据仓库上建立了多维数据集,确立了分析维度和度量.从多个维度与不同粗细粒度出发对学生借阅信息进行了多层次的分析,实现对学生借阅信息的联机分析处理和辅助决策支持.     

基于信息服务生态链的图书馆信息流转

基于信息服务生态链理论在图书馆领域的研究,探讨图书馆信息服务系统中信息流转方式、特点。通过分析图书馆信息流转效率的衡量标准,提出优化图书馆信息流转效率的有利措施。     

我国期刊集群的研究进展与发展态势——基于共词分析方法

期刊集群是国际期刊业的重要发展趋势,也是提升我国期刊整体水平的正确方向,理解和把握期刊集群的研究热点和发展态势是做好期刊集群理论创新和实践应用的关键问题。基于共词分析法,研究我国期刊集群领域学术论文的整体概况、高频     

Drivers and barriers affecting usage of e-Customs — A global survey with customs administrations using multivariate analysis techniques

The adoption of e-Customs platforms to simultaneously ensure regulatory compliance and to facilitate trade is a major strategic issue for governments and customs administrations worldwide. It ensures a more cost-efficient usage of resources while preserving a smooth flow of goods across international borders. Hence, customs administrations are challenged to favor the introduction of IT systems that may enhance the ability to improve information sharing with the business sector, as well as with other governmental agencies. This is often not a straightforward process. As many experts point out, e-Government development projects fail commonly due to the lack of thorough understanding of administration requirements as well as barriers for implementation. Hence, the purpose of this study is to understand what factors enable or hinder the exploitation of e-Customs platforms. By means of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), a theoretical framework is developed to identify drivers and barriers for usage of e-Government/e-Customs platforms. Thereby, a survey instrument was developed and data was collected in occasion of a World Customs Organization (WCO) Annual Council meeting, which was joined by around 400 customs delegates and officers from 178 WCO member administrations. A total of 94 questionnaires have been collected and analyzed, which gives an approximate response rate of 23% (46% considering only the 178 member administrations). The analysis of data has been performed by a combination of multivariate techniques and ANOVA. Results show that factors like cost-savings and ease of use significantly influence the usage of e-Customs platforms. On the contrary, cost-efficiency and usefulness of e-Customs platforms have no significant impacts. From the perspective of barriers preventing adoption, this paper identifies two main factors: 1) technical constraints and costs and 2) quality and trust. Both these factors significantly influence adoption of information sharing, in the context of business-customs communication.     

从编委的高发文和高被引看药学期刊编委的贡献

以CNKI中国期刊全文数据库中的引文数据库为数据源,选取国内10种高影响因子药学期刊,对各刊2003年至今的高发文作者、高被引作者以及高施引期刊等进行分析,探讨编委对期刊被引频次的贡献。认为编委是科技期刊优质稿源强有力的保证。     

TOP 10研究前沿中高被引学术论文特征分析及启示——基于ESI数据库

为深入把握研究前沿,并了解其中高被引论文的特征,以ESI 数据库中(数据截至2017 年6 月底) 全球最受关注的前10 位(TOP 10) 研究前沿中的高被引论文(共计486 篇) 为样本,利用Excel 2010 对其涉及学科、来源期刊特征、作者地域分布3 个方面进行了统计分析,希望能为国内期刊在追踪前沿学术论文,以及提升论文影响力方面提供参考.