Teacher as Researcher,Teacher as Scholar,and Teacher as Leader

ABSTRACT

Too often, because of the static nature of schools and the dominant existence of high-stakes testing, professional learning for teachers is determined by administrators or policy and is facilitated by those who are not part of the school community using prepackaged programs. These initiatives run counter to authentic teacher inquiry where teachers enhance their understanding of students and learning and, ideally, develop new teaching practices (Borko, 2004; Cochran-Smith & Lytle, 1999, 2009; Darling-Hammond, 1997). In this article, we focus on how teachers participating in action research begin to position themselves as teacher leaders.     

Jack and Mike

One day Jack comes to Mike’s house and says,"Mike,you have so many good books.Can you lend me a book to read?"Mike doesn’t want to lend a book to his friend,and he says,"Why do you want to take my book home?You can read it here in my house."     

Teacher as Tragic Ironist

In this article Karl Hostetler portrays teachers as tragic ironists whose existence is prone to “playful disruptions of the soul,” when the meaning and value of ideas pertinent to teaching — including “teaching” itself — become puzzling, prompting a reassessment and reinvigoration of those ideas. In developing his concept of tragic irony, Hostetler draws particularly on Jonathan Lear's A Case for Irony and the Greek tragedies Oedipus Tyrannus and Medea. According to Lear, the aim of irony is “to inject a certain form of not‐knowing into polis life.” Relatedly, Hostetler observes, a frequent theme in classical Greek tragedy is the misery that can result from purporting to “know.” Tragedy and irony, he argues, can be particularly powerful and unsettling avenues for introducing uncertainty. He further contends that teachers as tragic ironists maintain a measure of uncertainty about their craft, not only recognizing that they do not know everything, but sometimes questioning whether they know anything. In a culture that tends to valorize certainty, Hostetler concludes, this is an essential attitude in the practice of and discourse about education.     

The Teacher as Thinker

The authors explore how and to what extent students use their textbooks. Data was collected through a survey regarding when reading is primarily done, how the textbook is used for studying, and which specific study strategies the students used. The results indicate that students know it is important to read, know the professor expects them to read, and know it will impact their grade, yet most students still do not read the textbook. Finally, we also examine what students feel would motivate them to increase their usage of the textbook.     

Teacher as Conceptual Artist

Teachers in arts education frequently struggle with their professional identity. When asked, arts teachers often answer that they believe that their main responsibility is education at the expense of understanding themselves as artists. The Mexican‐American artist and teacher Jorge Lucero questions whether an occupation as teacher necessarily impedes a creative practice. The finding that both progressive pedagogy and conceptual art share certain characteristics forms the basis for his concept of ‘teacher as conceptual artist’. In short, Lucero proposes that a teacher’s practice, in and beyond the classroom, simultaneously can be his or her creative practice. This qualitative intervention study explored whether or not the concept of teacher as conceptual artist holds the possibility to narrow down the gap between teacher and artist identities. The intervention consisted of a three‐day project led by Lucero in which nine arts teacher students were familiarised with modes of operation as a conceptual artist. In the three following months, these students implemented lessons in primary and secondary education based on those modes. Prior to the project, ‘elicitation‐interviews’ were used to explore how students perceived their professional identity and at the end of project semi‐structured interviews were conducted. The findings suggest that through the modes of operation as a conceptual artist, students who mainly identified as an artist were able to integrate a teacher identity in their artist identity, but the modes of operation also gave students who withheld their artist identity from the classroom an opportunity to live their artist identity in the classroom.     

Developing as Teacher Educator-Researchers

This self-study explores the role of collaboration in the development of three new faculty members as teacher educator-researchers. The research finds that protocol-structured dialogue about artifacts of classroom practice promotes understanding of the complex relationships among teachers, student, content, and context. We also report on the manner in which examination of instructional practices led us to important epistemological shifts in our beliefs about the nature of teaching and learning. The article concludes by presenting a five-step dialogical model for self-study that supports the development of sustainable collaboration.     

论教师主体与研究型教师

传统教师观的实质是教师主体旁落的、师生主体分离的、工具性和制度化的。新教师观有诸多定位 ,但教师作为研究者是其中最为重要的角色之一。由此 ,传统教师观的分析与批判、研究型教师的角色与定位、研究型教师的特征与发展等问题均成为当前教师教育研究和教师专业成长的重要内容     

浅谈英语专业教师兼任班主任工作

高校专业课教师兼任班主任工作,可以更好地将教书育人结合起来。本文分析了英语专业教师兼任班主任工作的角色定位,及其在学风建设方面的作用,探讨了英语专业教师兼任班主任时,如何更好地将专业教育与德育教育协调统一起来。     

The Scientist as School Teacher

Many scientists, driven by the teaching impulse, idealism, or the wish to see science thrive in the United States, take up one or another form of school teaching or participate in programs designed to enhance science teachers' knowledge of science and science teaching skills. Funding is available, from governmental and private sources, to support innovative programs designed to increase the supply of well-trained science teachers. The provision of new funds to support graduate programs in fundamental science that provide a separate track for graduate students who choose a career in teaching, in preference to a career in the laboratory, is a particularly promising development. It is essential that such programs include proper training in pedagogy. Above all, the Nation must recognize the need to provide proper long-term salary support for science teachers in the public schools countrywide, if any of the programs to improve teaching is to succeed.     

倾听--教师教学的一门艺术

我们的教师大多从学校学习时就学会了读、写、讲——但从未学习过如何倾听。倾听也是所有教学技巧中最被忽视的一个环节。     

Alignment as a Teacher Variable

Essay scores generated by machine and by human raters are generally comparable; that is, they can produce scores with similar means and standard deviations, and machine scores generally correlate as highly with human scores as scores from one human correlate with scores from another human. Although human and machine essay scores are highly related on average, this does not eliminate the possibility that machine and human scores may differ significantly for certain gender, ethnic, or country groups. Such differences were explored with essay data from two large-scale high-stakes testing programs: the Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Graduate Record Examination. Human and machine scores were very similar across most subgroups, but there were some notable exceptions. Policies were developed so that any differences between humans and machines would have a minimal impact on final reported scores.     

把教师视作学校的顾客

现在越来越多的学校开始关注学习者的需求,更有甚者还提出了“学生和家长是我们的上帝”。但是,有多少管理者曾想过教师也是学校的顾客呢?学校是提供教育服务的机构。机构要有效运作的话,学校就必须激发起教师的积极性和工作热情,最终达到让学生、家长乃至整个社会满意的目的。那么学校首先得向教师提供令他们满意的服务,为其创造适合其成长的专业生活环境。从这种意义上来说,不仅学生、家长是顾客,教师也是学校的顾客。这是一种新型的顾客观。一、新顾客观的内涵根据这种新顾客观,我们可以将“顾客”进行分级,如下表所示:教育的顾客这种顾…