Mic Check: Occupy Wall Street and the Space of Audition

As used by Occupy Wall Street, the human microphone played a central role in the formation of an auditory space that was animated by the principles of direct democracy that guided the movement. However, the practice also allowed the occupiers to confront and subvert the monopoly on amplified public speech that the government of the City of New York had possessed for nearly eighty years. This paper presents a brief history and analysis of the city's regulation of sound devices, locating the human microphone in a larger struggle over the rights to public speech and assembly.     

社交媒体格局下传统媒体如何担当“船桥上的瞭望者”——析美媒“占领华尔街”运动报道

2011年秋季美国爆发的"占领华尔街"运动,由社交媒体组织发起并积极跟踪报道,相比之下,美国传统主流媒体表现颇为被动,在运动初起时并不重视。总的来看,传统媒体对这一事件的报道呈现由弱变强的趋势,这是美国传统媒体运作模式的特点与缺陷使然。从"阿拉伯之春"到"美国之秋",网络媒体(社交媒体、视频网站)上位,以快捷的传播成为人们的首选信息源,并成为社会集体行动的组织者。面对这一现实,传统媒体需要加强议题设置、强调理性化表达、深挖报道深度,方能在现代传播中继续担当"船桥上的瞭望者"。     

“Not exactly a model of good hygiene”: theorizing an aesthetic of disgust in the Occupy Wall Street movement

This article explores the pathologizing of social protesters by theorizing an aesthetic of disgust in Occupy Wall Street media coverage. By cataloguing the hygienic deviance of the Occupy movement, I aim to illuminate an important countermobilization technique that disciplines and contains the grotesque function of the Occupy encampments. Examining media coverage of the Occupy movement, I show how aesthetic dimensions—including visual and olfactory sensations related to the bodies of the protesters and their encampments—were used to establish a relationship among hygienic deviance, moral impurity, economic failure, and ultimately the disposal of the protesters. I close by connecting an aesthetic of disgust to larger conceptual issues related to the viability of social protest in an era of neoliberal governmentality.     

Pepper Spray Cop and the American Dream: Using Synecdoche and Metaphor to Unlock Internet Memes’ Visual Political Rhetoric

Social media are increasingly important in protest movements for communication and organization. As such, scholars should consider these ephemeral messages as a tool for understanding such movements’ rhetoric. This article draws on Kjeldsen’s method for the critique of visual political rhetoric and adds consideration of intertextuality, synecdoche, and metaphor to demonstrate a method for the rhetorical analysis and a critique of Internet memes as visual, political rhetoric. The Pepper Spray Cop meme arising from Occupy Wall Street is presented as a case-study example. The article considers the centrality of the intertextual nature of memes as a unique form of visual rhetoric in activist contexts and contributes to the literature on user-generated and activist rhetoric.     

Surveillance/Discipline/Resistance: Carly Fiorina under the Gaze of The Wall Street Journal

This essay examines how news discourses of former Hewlett Packard CEO Carly Fiorina shaped her professional persona throughout her tenure with the company. At a time when only eight out of the Fortune 500 companies had female CEOs, she was often identified as the most powerful female CEO in the United States. This high-profile position brought with it much media attention and focus on her gender, her performance, and her “visibility.” Through a Foucauldian analysis of The Wall Street Journal, I illustrate how Fiorina's public identity was shaped and disciplined through the popular press and explore the opportunities for resisting certain subject positions. This analysis reveals the complex relationships between organizations and broader social discourses that involve gendered workplaces, glass ceilings, and even the role of the visual in organizational life.     

Re-Animating Joseph Beuys' “Social Sculpture”: Artistic Interventions and the Occupy Movement

Since making its presence felt in September 2011, the Occupy movement has drawn upon aesthetic-affective techniques and cooperative structures developed in socially engaged art practices from the mid-twentieth century onwards—such as Joseph Beuys' notion of “social sculpture”—as resources for producing new social compositions. These practices extend the concept of art into a social plastic form that reshapes and re-forms our subjectivities, the way we communicate, our social structures and by extension, the world we inhabit. At the same time, before the mass evictions of Occupy took place across North America, the movement placed a heavy emphasis on visibility and space. Its short-term strategies and successes were largely owed to the seizing of a particularly opportune moment in a highly visible space that provided a symbolic frame for “Occupy Wall Street as event.” This paper explores the possibility that the eviction of Occupy from its encampments was not the disaster bemoaned by many of its participants—or the failure celebrated by its detractors—but a renewed opportunity for social composition.     

Occupy All the Dispositifs: Memes,Media Ecologies,and Emergent Bodies Politic

This article assesses Occupy Wall Street as an amalgamation of mediated processes of subjectivation associated with marginal popular culture (memes, meme-platforms, Anonymous operations). This accumulation, I argue, is part of a broader convergence of agencements, of subjectifying processes that took place on and offline, in and out of concentrated occupied zones. OWS gives us one example in response to Toni Negri's call for a genealogy of dispositifs of subjectivation from the perspective of resistance. In addition to examining the accumulation of mediated subjective apparatuses, I propose we think of OWS as an ecology, one that engenders an antagonistic response by a militarized biopolitical state subject (itself an accumulation). I end with some preliminary thoughts on OWS' recomposition after the state's decompositional dispositifs.     

科技查新发展问题的矛盾分析及对策研究

本文采用矛盾分析理论分析了影响科技查新事业发展的各种因素,提出了基于矛盾分析的科技查新服务建设和服务深化的具体举措和建议。     

高校图书馆员与读者矛盾的心理分析

本文试用社会心理学中有关“社会态度”和“社会沟通”理论，对高校图书馆员与读者之间发生的一些矛盾进行分析，同时提出解决的思路。     

Social Media,Subjectivity, and Surveillance: Moving on From Occupy,the Rise of Live Streaming Video

This article seeks to critically examine the practical application of live streaming video at use in contemporary resistance movements, particularly the work of CUTV during the Quebec Student Strike of 2012. With a brief comparison to the use of social media—and even live streaming—in the Occupy movement, this article demonstrates the differences, and sophistication, of live streaming video in the Quebec Spring. Specifically, this article seeks to understand the ways in which political actors and digital technologies form unique assemblages (in the Deleuzian sense), which can both operate as mechanisms of power as surveillance technologies for police forces or, if used carefully and critically, can open up nodes of counter-power, disrupting state surveillance, surveilling the police themselves, and providing the space for the construction of subjectivity on the part of political actors in the streets.     

长城保护维修工程中考古工作的方法与对策研究

近年来,随着长城保护理念的日益深入,考古工作与长城保护维修工程的结合更加紧密.但在实践过程中,有些长城保护维修工程和项目存在考古参与程度较低、定位不明确等问题.本文对既往长城保护维修工程中的考古工作进行总结和分析,指出考古工作的参与程度越来越受重视,是新时期长城保护理念发展的必然趋势;以箭扣南段长城151-154号敌台...     

Street art conservation in Athens: Critical conservation in a time of crisis

Street art, public murals, and graffiti are forms of contemporary art which flourish in the urban environment. The current socioeconomic and political crisis in Greece has rendered Athens a living city canvas that attracts artists, art lovers, young people, tourists, journalists, and photographers. The conservation of street art in extreme outdoor conditions is a new area of interest for conservation research and practice. Since 2010 the Conservation of Wall Paintings Laboratory of the Department of Conservation of Antiquities and Works of Art (CAWA) of the Technological Educational Institute (TEI), Athens has been engaged in a project to explore ethics, carry out documentation, and initiate new research into street art and its conservation. Since 2012, Street Art Conservators (St.a.co.), a team comprising academics, conservators, and students from CAWA has worked in the streets of Athens for the preservation of street art. The protection and conservation of street art require the creation of a critical mass of people who are interested in the study and preservation of street art, co-operative conservation work and research, and the documentation and digital mapping of street art as an alternative means for its preservation.     

Conserving a boundary: The conservation and management of a Berlin Wall mural

In 1991, five segments of the Berlin Wall, first painted by renowned contemporary artists Thierry Noir and Kiddy Citny, were bought at auction, transported to the USA, and placed in an outdoor environment that severely advanced the deterioration of the painted surface and reinforced concrete substrate. This paper discusses aspects of the conservation treatment and management plan for these painted segments of the Berlin Wall. The strategy and criteria for the conservation program were defined by a multidisciplinary team that comprised conservators, concrete specialists, and engineers; the deliberations of this team also led to an appropriate treatment and management plan. The choice to intervene at a minimal level meant treatment was restricted to stabilization rather than restoration or reconstruction of deteriorated areas. Additionally, the team decided to reinstall the pieces indoors to reduce future deterioration.     

基层图书馆建设实践与反思——以北京市街道(乡镇)图书馆“一卡通”专项工作为基础

基层图书馆是新时期公共图书馆服务体系建设的重点关注对象。文章以北京市街道(乡镇)图书馆"一卡通"专项工作为基础,通过梳理总结北京市基层图书馆的服务效益和建设难点,以明晰其在"十四五"时期的发展方向,并为基层图书馆事业发展研究提供数据支撑。     

From Wall Street to Wellington: Protests in an Era of Digital Ubiquity

The Occupy movement is said to represent a new generation of post-Seattle protests, driven by social networking, and breaking from organizing practices in previous eras. This study analyzes the Occupy Wellington protest to shed light on the role of protests in an era of digital media ubiquity. Based on the participant observation as well as 76 brief interviews, the study explores how activists used digital media, and examines the broader institutional logics that shaped organizing dynamics at the protest. The analysis discusses digital media saturation and the multiple institutional logics that activists drew from in their organizing, including collective action, connective action, aggregation, and networking. We argue that digital ubiquity marks the onset of a profound hybridity rather than an abrupt change in activist organizing practices.     

我国图书馆远程技术与近距离运行机制的矛盾

我国图书馆远程技术与近距离运行机制的矛盾●袁昱明ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅａｄｖａｎｃｅｄｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓｂｒｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｍｓｏｃｉａｌｉｚａ－ｔｉｏｎａｎｄｂｅｉｎｇｏｆｌｏｎｇｄｉｓｔａｎｃｅｔｏｔｈｅｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｅｒｖｉ...     

公共图书馆馆员与读者矛盾的心理分析及解决对策

在读者服务工作中,馆员与读者之间的矛盾随时存在,它对图书馆功能的实现具有消极作用。从"社会态度"和"社会沟通"理论的角度分析公共图书馆馆员与读者之间存在的矛盾,并提出具体可行的应对措施。     

缓解高校图书馆急剧增长的藏书量与馆舍不足的矛盾之探讨

就各高校图书馆普遍存在的藏书量激增与馆舍不足的矛盾,进行了分析、探讨,对缓解此矛盾提出了一些建议。     

A comparative study of wall painting materials and techniques used in fifteenth century Austria by Frederich of Villach and his followers

One of the most important artistic circles in the first half of the fifteenth-century in Austria was the so-called ‘Older Villach's workshop’, founded by Frederic of Villach, a painter who was considered a master of fresco technique. A technical study was made of a number of wall painting cycles by the workshop of Frederic of Villach, first, to gain a broader knowledge of the painting techniques employed, and second, to allow comparison with a further group of wall paintings in Slovenia, which are stylistically related to this workshop and have been studied previously. Of special interest were artworks attributed to Frederic's son Johannes of Ljubljana and a number of other anonymous painters that show important similarities to Frederic's works. Samples of plasters and pigments were analysed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. An important difference in the composition of plasters was discovered between the selected artistic groups. The palette used comprised predominantly earth and other mineral pigments. The construction of the paintings from incisions and preparatory drawings to the final modelling is basically similar and shows workshop connections. The principal painting technique was a fresco. The results contribute to a wider knowledge concerning the materials and techniques employed in gothic wall paintings in the Alpine region and offer new information that can be used to inform the future conservation of these selected wall paintings.