数字出版：我们如何清醒面对？

信息技术的发展使出版业发生了巨大的变化,传统的纸质出版面临数字出版的严峻挑战.本文系统地分析了出版行业走向数字化的背景,在商业模式、服务方式、技术、市场、版权等方面所面临的变革和存在的各种问题,以及为全面迎接数字出版时代的到来所需要做的准备.     

漫谈主题征文来稿的标题制作

针对各行各业、不同地区经常开展的主题征文活动来稿中存在的标题雷同或类似、冗长或滥用副题、平淡乏味或不恰当等问题,分析了造成上述问题的原因;结合<我与科协>征文活动,探讨了修改或重新制作主题征文来稿标题的4项原则;指出征文活动组织者应高度重视来稿的标题制作,在应征通知中要提醒作者精心制作个性化文章标题,以切实提高征文活动的水平、质量和效益.     

A journal club is an effective tool for assisting librarians in the practice of evidence-based librarianship: a case study

OBJECTIVE: To establish a journal club for librarians, which aimed to develop appraisal skills and assist in the application of research to practice. METHODS: Fourteen health librarians were invited to attend a journal club. Each month a librarian was responsible for preparing a scenario, choosing a research paper, and selecting a checklist. The paper was appraised by the club, and a critically appraised topic (CAT) prepared. Six months later, a questionnaire was sent to all librarians. RESULTS: Six out of 14 librarians attended the journal club and five out of six returned the questionnaire. All five agreed that attending the journal club helped them develop appraisal skills, write a CAT and be more critical of research. Four agreed they always identified a research paper first, then formulated a question. One librarian agreed that applying results to their own practice was difficult, one disagreed and three were neutral. CONCLUSION: Journal clubs can be effective at developing appraisal skills and writing a CAT, as well as increasing the reading of library research. Librarians still need assistance in identifying and using questions directly from their own practice. The journal club has helped some librarians to apply evidence to practice, but others find the research is not always directly relevant.     

How Students Research: Implications for the Library and Faculty

This paper presents qualitative findings about the search behaviors and research habits of students interviewed at six college and university campuses in the US. Our findings suggest that students’ strategies are influenced by both their non-academic search experiences as well as the broader academic context of their research tasks. Their behaviors suggest an on-going negotiation of these influences, evidenced by the ways they incorporate Google into their research strategy while still closely adhering to faculty instruction for using library resources. Students bring a strong sense of self-reliance to the research process, yet they still experience many barriers and pain points accessing library resources. We have included recommendations for librarians and faculty who, by better understanding the journey of an academic researcher, can work in concert to reduce the barriers and increase the success of students’ research efforts.     

The system of measurable indicators for scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation: methodology and design

The vectors for the transformation of scientific-technological and industrial policy pursued by industrially developed countries in the post-crisis period between 2011 and 2016 are analyzed. It is shown that the economic reindustrialization strategy has been selected by the United States and the European Union as the main vector for the modernization of scientific and technological policy, limiting the export of the most advanced breakthrough technologies outside the leading countries. It is argued that the scientific and technological internationalization trend has been increasingly replaced by the policy of “technological colonization.” A system of measurable indicators for scientific and technological areas is proposed. It allows one to compare, rank, and justifiably select the most promising scientific and technological areas for the development of new industries in the Russian Federation involving minimum risks and barriers. The results of the testing of the system are presented. Using the system of measurable indicators is expected to provide evidence for decision making for concentrating intellectual, financial, organizational, and infrastructural resources on the development of priority areas that are key to addressing the large challenges facing the Russian Federation.     

On-Line Literature Searching as a Research Method:

Database searching permits the user to conduct certain types of research beyond the mere gathering of information. An example is provided by conducting a study of geographic bias in the print media using Magazine Index. Though there are limitations in conducting such research the potential exists for using on-line databases as a powerful research tool.     

How and Why of User Studies: RLG's RedLightGreen as a Case Study

SUMMARY

This article documents a lifecycle approach to employing user-centered design, covering both qualitative and quantitative data gathering methods in support of using this approach for product design, usability testing, and market research. The author provides specific case studies of usability studies, focus groups, interviews, ethnographic studies, and web log analysis. The article supplies practical advice and tools for those interested in exploring user-centered design concepts for web-based tools and services in archives, libraries, and museums.     

How it's Done: Using Hitch as a Guide to Uncertainty Reduction Theory

Courses: Communication Theory, Interpersonal Communication, Introduction to Human Communication

Objective: Students will apply Uncertainty Reduction Theory to initial relationship development in the film Hitch     

“If it is too inconvenient I'm not going after it:” Convenience as a critical factor in information-seeking behaviors

In today's fast-paced world, anecdotal evidence suggests that information tends to inundate people, and users of information systems want to find information quickly and conveniently. Empirical evidence for convenience as a critical factor is explored in the data from two multi-year, user study projects funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services. The theoretical framework for this understanding is founded in the concepts of bounded rationality and rational choice theory, with Savolainen's (2006) concept of time as a context in information seeking, as well as gratification theory, informing the emphasis on the seekers' time horizons. Convenience is a situational criterion in peoples' choices and actions during all stages of the information-seeking process. The concept of convenience can include their choice of an information source, their satisfaction with the source and its ease of use, and their time horizon in information seeking. The centrality of convenience is especially prevalent among the younger subjects (“millennials”) in both studies, but also holds across all demographic categories—age, gender, academic role, or user or non-user of virtual reference services. These two studies further indicate that convenience is a factor for making choices in a variety of situations, including both academic information seeking and everyday-life information seeking, although it plays different roles in different situations.     

The Internet as a Reference and Research Tool:

Reference and research uses of the Internet are discussed through review and comparison of traditional and new criteria for the evaluation of reference and information sources in the context of electronic reference environments. A modular outline for teaching reference uses of the Internet is presented for Internet educators. Also reviewed are typologies of information queries; issues pertinent to public policy, information integration and multi-media environments and contexts; and optional enhancements to the module designed.     

Advancing communication as a science: Research opportunities from the federal sector

The centrality of communication in health promotion is described in Healthy People 2010: Objectives for Improving Health, which noted that "health communication can contribute to all aspects of disease prevention and health promotion." In this paper we build on this argument by suggesting that communication science can be advanced by pursuing a "big-science" strategy where important and challenging questions about the role of communication in modern life are studied through rigorous research designs and research findings are applied to addressing significant social issues and problems. A significant dimension of a "big-science" strategy is the pursuit of programs of research using longitudinal designs and large samples with adequate controls. Given that such large-scale studies necessarily involve funding, we review some major funding initiatives and programs in different agencies of the federal governmental.     

Advancing communication as a science: Research opportunities from the federal sector

The centrality of communication in health promotion is described in Healthy People 2010: Objectives for Improving Health, which noted that "health communication can contribute to all aspects of disease prevention and health promotion." In this paper we build on this argument by suggesting that communication science can be advanced by pursuing a "big-science" strategy where important and challenging questions about the role of communication in modern life are studied through rigorous research designs and research findings are applied to addressing significant social issues and problems. A significant dimension of a "big-science" strategy is the pursuit of programs of research using longitudinal designs and large samples with adequate controls. Given that such large-scale studies necessarily involve funding, we review some major funding initiatives and programs in different agencies of the federal governmental.     

企业集团ERP系统研究——以重庆索特集团为例

重庆索特集团是以制盐业为主多元化经营的企业集团 ,是重庆市五十强企业之一 ,对重庆市及全国的经济发展起着重要的作用 ,我们承担了建立其ERP系统的科研任务 ,本文是对该项目的阶段性总结。深入分析了ERP(EnterpriseResourcePlanning)系统的本质和目标 ,创造性地建立了索特集团ERP运作系统 ,这对于索特集团的资源整合和高效管理有重要影响 ,对其它企业建立ERP系统有指导作用。     

Availability of accessible publications: designing a methodology to provide reliable estimates for the Right to Read Alliance

OBJECTIVES: To establish reliable estimates of the proportion of books available in formats accessible to visually impaired people; to recommend a practical method of updating the estimates. METHODS: The project had two stages. Stage one estimated the overall availability of all categories of books. The British National Bibliography (BNB) for 1999-2003 was chosen as the sampling frame. A sample of 2069 titles over the 5 years was selected using a systematic sample design. These titles were then checked for availability against the catalogues of four major producer/suppliers of materials in accessible formats. The second stage involved checking the availability of books in six genres; about 400 titles for each genre were examined. RESULTS: Of the titles selected for the overall estimate, 92 (4.4%) were found to be available in one or more accessible formats. Availability of titles in accessible formats varied greatly between categories. Adult fiction had the highest number of available publications (26.3%), least represented were cookery (1.9%) and gardening (1.8%). CONCLUSIONS: This study provided baseline figures and a methodology for the Right to Read Alliance to monitor their progress in campaigning for more books to be accessible to visually impaired people.     

正确的判断如何得到确认——以“广告新闻”讨论为例

本文以历史上“广告新闻”的讨论为例,从一个侧面回顾并分析了上个世纪80年代中国新闻学研究的大致状况。本文认为,正因为我们长期以来没有关于市场经济条件下传媒运作的任何经验,才会出现这样低层次的讨论,这其实是社会思想封闭的恶果。