略论语言逻辑的对象、方法和意义

语言逻辑是在20世纪的指号学、语言学、逻辑学和语言哲学的基础上建立和发展起来的一门新兴、交叉学科。它是使用数理逻辑、模态逻辑和多值逻辑的方法来研究语言学的问题,特别是自然语言的问题;语言逻辑的研究对象包括语形学、语义学和语用学;语言逻辑的研究方法是形式化的分析方法,建立在形式化方法之上的语法学、语义学和语用学是当今语言逻辑研究最活跃、最有成就的领域;研究自然语言的逻辑,其首要的意义在于提高人们思维的逻辑性,丰富和发展逻辑科学,将语用学和语用逻辑应用于计算机语言和行为的分析等。     

逻辑和语言研究的交叉互动

逻辑和语言的研究分为句法、语义和语用几个领域。在语义领域,其主要理论有蒙太格语法、广义量词理论、话语表述理论、情境语义学和类型逻辑语法。这些理论自上世纪下半叶诞生起就呈现出逻辑和语言研究的交叉互动：尽管在形式语义学框架内逻辑始终强势影响着自然语言的研究,但自然语言的丰富性通过形式语义学的研究也一直作用于逻辑工具的创新。     

逻辑、语言和计算国际学术研讨会综述

由西南大学逻辑与智能研究中心和重庆逻辑学会主办,国际符号逻辑学会协办的逻辑、语言与计算国际会议暨第二届东亚逻辑、语言与计算学校于2012年8月25日至31日在西南大学成功举办。本次活动是继2010年在中山大学举行的“中欧逻辑、语言与计算冬令学校”之后的第二届活动,旨在对逻辑、语言和计算机科学的交叉研究领域开展研讨,促进跨学科、跨地区学术交流与合作,展示现代逻辑与数学、哲学、语言学、信息科学等学科的内在联系,训练和培养青年学者,发现人才。     

自然语言和逻辑语言:现代逻辑的延伸

现代逻辑作为分析自然语言的工具，认为自然语言的缺陷有：（1）表达式的层次结构不够清晰；（2）个体化认知模式体现不够明确；（3）量词管辖的范围不太确切；（4）句子成分的语序不固定；（5）语形和语义不对应。从自然语言的视角衡量逻辑语言，其不足有：（1）初始词项的种类不够多样；（2）量词的种类比较贫乏；（3）存在量词的辖域在公式系列中不能动态的延伸；（4）由于语境的缺失而使语言传达信息的效率不高。自然语言和逻辑语言到底是什么关系？若持偏激态度，各自都觉得对方不如己。视二者为一种互补关系，这种态度是可取的。于是。现代逻辑延伸到自然语言领域就有两大类工作可做：扬逻辑之长避自然语言之短，用严格精确的逻辑工具化解自然语言的缺陷问题：取自然语言之优补逻辑之拙．增加新的逻辑手段发展其理论。     

逻辑和语言(下)

(三)语言形式和逻辑形式一般谈语言表达思维时,往往只理解为语音形式表达思维内容的问题,但是,从逻辑的角度来看,更为重要的是语言形式(结构)与逻辑形式(结构)的关系问题,这是因为思维不仅有内容的方面,而且有形式的方面,而逻辑所研究的主要是思维的形式方面。思维中的命题形式或推理形式总是具体地表现在语言的     

逻辑和语言的关系

语言和逻辑的关系是对立统一的辩证关系。在这个关系中,语言是由思维决定的,但有它相对的独立性,并且以一定的形式反作用于思维。通过各种不同水平的语言和思维关系的研究,可以发现语言和思维相互关系中的复杂矛盾性。把语言和思维对立统一的任何一方面绝对化,是导致将语言和思维这两个不     

逻辑和语言(上)

(一)语言的基本职能传统的看法。认为逻辑是研究正确思维的形式、规律和方法的科学,由于思维与语言有密切的联系,所以,研究逻辑也必须对语言的基本职能有一定的了解。语言是一种最常见又极其复杂的社会现象。它随着人类的出现而出现,随着人类的发展而发展。人天天在说话,也就是说天天在运用语言,但不一定就对语言的本质有所认识。一般认为,语言具     

论演讲逻辑的对象和作用

逻辑学是关于思维形式结构规律的科学 ,主要是关于推理形式结构规律的科学。演讲逻辑是研究演讲中思维形式结构规律的科学 ,是理论逻辑在演讲中的具体表现和运用 ,主要是语言逻辑的具体表现和运用。研究学习演讲逻辑具有多方面的重要意义。     

言语交际逻辑初探

言语交际中处处有逻辑，言语交际中的逻辑现象是逻辑学的研究对象。语言逻辑是自然语言及其使用的逻辑，而言语交际的实质就是人们对自然语言的具体使用，那么，语言逻辑研究的也就是人们言语交际中的逻辑问题。可见，学好逻辑有助于言语交际；同样，语用学是专门研究语言的理解和使用的学问，语用研究必然要研究语言逻辑。因此，学好逻辑也有助于进行语用研究。     

值得重视的语言逻辑专著——简评《语言逻辑与言语交际》

胡泽洪同志的新著《语言逻辑与言语交际》已于1991年6月由湖南师大出版社出版。这是作者承担的国家社会科学基金项目《语言逻辑及其在社会交际中的应用》的主要研究成果。还在读研究生时,胡泽洪同志就选择了这一课题,几年来,他为此付出了艰辛的劳动。语言逻辑又叫自然语言逻辑,也称自然逻辑,这是一门新兴的、研究对象尚无定论的科学。面对国内外各种各样的语言逻辑观,本书作者通过大量的分析与借鉴,提出了自己关于语言逻辑的见解;“语言逻辑是关于自然语言的逻辑语形、逻辑语义与逻辑语用的系统研究,其实质就是关于言语交际的逻辑。”这是一种很有新意的、独到的语言逻辑观。全书的六章就是围绕着这一语言逻辑观而对自然语言进行研究的。通观全书,前后呼应、逻辑严密、见解新颖、自圆其说、自成体系。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

The Reader Response Approach to Teaching of English Literature

During interview with English majors, it was found that a majority of students expressed disappointment with their experience of English literature classes. Students' dislike of learning English literature appears to be the major problem of teaching English literature in China. Reader response approach is a good way to solve this problem. In this paper, I explain the rationale behind the reader response approach, such as its origin, definition, features, assumptions, and strategies. Then I illustrate how reader response approach works as a teaching strategy by presenting several teaching models. At last I evaluate its usefuiness for teachers and present the advantages of reader response approach in Chinese context.