Comparative study of faculty evaluation of teaching practice between Chinese and U.S. Institutions of higher education

Along with the “massification” of higher education in China since the late 1990s, the issue of quality and excellence appeared at the top of China’s higher education agenda. Since faculty evaluation of teaching is one of the major approaches adopted by China’s higher education sector to pursue quality and excellence, it is valuable to examine the effectiveness of faculty evaluation of teaching practices adopted by the Chinese higher education institutions (HEIs). Study of current literature reveals some similarities and differences between the faculty evaluation of teaching policies and practices between Chinese and American higher education sectors. This paper examines the specific practices adopted by some top-tier Chinese HEIs and American elite colleges and universities, summarizes and analyzes the major differences and similarities of faculty evaluation of teaching practices between these two countries’ top-tier HEIs, and discusses the applicability of the American models to the Chinese setting of higher education. Finally, a set of best practices regarding faculty evaluation of teaching are proposed for Chinese HEIs.     

新中国成立70周年高等教育国际化研究的可视化分析

高等教育国际化作为发展高等教育的重要内容,始终是研究者关注的重点。为厘清新中国成立以来高等教育国际化研究的发展状况,运用CiteSpace软件对CNKI数据库中1949—2019年相关文献进行可视化分析,发现70年来高等教育国际化研究产生了数量可观的研究者;研究机构以教育类机构为主,高校是主要阵地;研究热点关注人才培养、留学生、经济体制、中外合作等;研究热点大体经历了五个不同发展阶段,主要是从单向学习借鉴模式为主演变为双向互惠、均衡流动为主;但机构间和作者间的合作程度不高。新时代中国高等教育国际化发展应更加注重机构和人员之间的深度合作、更加聚焦国际化的内涵发展和质量提升、追求更高水平更可持续发展方向,为做强中国高等教育、服务国家现代化建设、提升中国国际影响力,更好助力服务人的全面发展、民族复兴、强国建设和文明互鉴、人类进步作出新贡献。     

An analysis of reform in administrative system of Chinese higher education

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the administrative system of higher education then was characterized as “centralized”, “Tiao and Kuai” were segmented (some higher education institutions were directly administered by provincial governments, and some were affiliated to the relative administrative departments of the state) and higher education institutions (HEIs) were government-run. The reform in the administrative system of higher education launched in the 1980s broke down the segmentation of “Tiao and Kuai”, and changed it into a new administrative system emphasizing the role of the provincial governments (“Kuai-oriented mode”). Thus, HEIs gained more autonomy and tremendous changes have taken place in the relation between HEIs and the government. However, weakening the government’s administrative control over HEIs and readjusting government-HEIs relations are still the main concerns in reforming the administrative system of Chinese higher education. __________ Translated from Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Social Science), 2005 (4)     

高等教育普及化语境下的评价反思

就中国高等教育的质量建设而言,评价有功,但绝非万能,当高等教育进入普及化时代之后,教育评价的方向、方式和方法亦需相应调整,必须规避盲区,明确标的,分辨因果,调整重心,评判有据,谨慎作为。既知其可为,亦知其不可为。面对有生命的教育活动和动态的院校行为,必须知道有的评不了,有的不能评,有的无需评,有的小心评。去繁就简之后,教育评价方能够规避副作用而更好地践履其推动教育进步的使命。     

高职教育校企协同创新体系的构建

高职教育校企协同创新是推动我国职业教育"产教融合、校企合作"改革工作走向深入的重要举措。分析当前高职教育校企协同创新中面临的问题,从校企协同创新的主要特征入手,构建以文化融合作为协同创新的基础,以组织管理融合作为协同创新的保障,以目的融合作为协同创新的动力的高职教育校企协同创新体系。     

论中国城镇化背景下的中欧关系发展

中国城镇化的探索和实践是人类历史上史无前例的创举,健康有序的城镇化不仅有利于中国自身的发展,给中国经济增长注入强大动力,而且具有世界性意义,尤其是能够为中欧合作开辟新的平台。一方面,中国能够借鉴欧洲发达国家城镇化历程的积极经验,学习其先进技术,推动自身城镇化的健康发展;另一方面,中国的城镇化意味着巨大的内需,能为中欧贸易的发展带来巨大机遇。而需注意的是,在学习和借鉴西方经验和技术的同时,中国应从实际情况出发,走一条适合本国国情的城镇化之路。     

‘Widening Access’ to higher education: the reproduction of university hierarchies through policy enactment

Patterns of participation in higher education (HE) in the UK, as elsewhere, have been marked by social inequalities for decades. UK Governments have responded with a plethora of policies and agendas aimed at addressing this broad social issue. However, little is known about how higher education institutions (HEIs) interpret and ‘enact’ these policies in relation to institution-specific contexts. Drawing on concepts from policy sociology this paper examines how HEIs in one nation state, Wales, enact its Government’s policy on ‘widening access’ to higher education. Interviews with a range of ‘policy actors’ along with analyses of institutional ‘widening access’ policy documents, reveal divergences between HEIs in how this policy agenda is interpreted and delivered. These differences reflect institution-specific contexts – not least their internal politics and assumptions about the type of students they admit, but also their interests and priorities in relation to their positions within a global, marketised, HE system. The implications of this for the reproduction of university hierarchies in the UK, as well as social inequalities more generally are brought to the fore.     

农村小学学校效能及其影响因素研究——学校效能综合模型在我国的运用

本研究借鉴Creemers学校效能综合模型探索中国农村中小学学校效能的影响因素。本研究以学生学校适应性为学校效能的一个替代指标,于2006-2008年对我国西部地区的甘肃、宁夏、四川、云南、广西等5个省份的73所农村小学、2864名学生进行调查,使用多水平模型对农村小学学校效能的影响因素进行分析,结果发现:(1)不同学校对学生学校适应性的影响存在显著差异;(2)学校因素对学生的学习方法、师生关系以及自我评价等方面影响较大;(3)学校生源质量对学生学校适应性发展的影响更大;(4)课堂教学方式对学生学校适应性提高有积极影响。     

Retrospective and Prospects for China’s International Educational Exchange in the 40th Anniversary Year of Reform and Opening Up

International exchange is an important part of China’s educational opening up, cooperation, and connection with other countries. It also serves as a unique strategic resource, helping to develop and consolidate mutual political trust, diplomatic exchange, economic and trade relations, cultural exchange and educational cooperation between China and other countries in the world, thereby enhancing China’s international image. We have seen positive contributions made to our progress towards peace among peoples, and noted the irreplaceable role played by China. International educational exchange is an important part of global international student flows. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially in the 40 years of reform and opening up, China has experienced a development process in education from language students to students at all levels and from quantity to quality. The change in the type of international students studying in China and of Chinese students studying abroad reflects the Chinese spirit and the broadening the appeal of China’s programs. It can be interpreted as the fulfillment of the “Chinese Dream,” contributing to national revitalization. The trade imbalance between exporting countries and destination countries in international educational exchange has been reduced.     

Towards Building Direct Educational Partnership: The Foundation of Shanxi University in 1902

The foundation of Shanxi University is a prime example of the collaborative efforts in higher education between the Chinese and British in late Qing China (1842–1912). Both sides made compromises, with the Chinese adapting their ideas of educational sovereignty, and the British agreeing to work under the supervision of the local government. Such a collaboration was made possible by the individual personalities of the two founders and their visions for China’s higher education. The dual structure of the university, with one department to teach Chinese learning and the other to teach Western learning, showed that, at a local and personal level, these officials and missionaries opted for direct cooperation, despite the myriad changes and upheavals following the Boxer Movement. In addition, by allowing foreign missionaries into critical roles in a government university, the principle of ti-yong dualism was gradually being adapted. The formation of Shanxi University not only demonstrates the dynamics of the Sino-Western educational relationship and the roles individuals played in it, but also stimulates reflection on China’s contemporary cross-border partnerships in higher education     

The History of EU Cooperation in the Field of Education and Training: how lifelong learning became a strategic objective

In 2007, the EU is celebrating both the 50th Anniversary of the Treaty of Rome and the 20 years of existence of its flagship programme, Erasmus, thus recalling that the EU is more than its economic, agricultural or monetary policies and that it develops also as a community of peoples. Education has a key role to play in this respect. This article provides an insight into how community cooperation in the field of education developed since its inception at the beginning of the 70s. It analyses more specifically how this cooperation and the one in the field of training evolved over the years, first in parallel and then in a more integrated manner, in particular from the 90s onwards, to form what is now a common platform to support lifelong leaning and the 2010 goals set by the Lisbon Strategy.     

概念建构与实践探索：转型期应用型本科的反思

应用型本科的提出具有显著的问题性特点,是我国高等教育结构优化和高等教育比较研究综合而来的特定概念。伴随着概念建构,一批高等学校掀起了一股应用型转型的实践探索。应用型本科概念建构和实践探索具有明显的类型学特征,主要运用思辨研究和理想类型法,以优化高等教育结构和描绘高等教育结构关系为指向。从高等教育理想结构上看,应用型本科是现阶段我国本科层次高等教育的主要培养目标,但实现从话语层面到实质转型仍需艰难的过程。我们应该以超越的情怀对待应用型本科及其争议,以理性与自由的现代性态度鼓励高等学校走向自觉自醒的发展道路。     

中外合作开办高等教育课程的政策与现状分析

中外合作办学已经成为我国教育事业的一个组成部分。然而,我国高等教育领域中的中外合作办学现状如何呢?这是国内外教育机构都十分关注的话题。本首先介绍了我国中外合作办学的管理和条例,这些规定也适用于香港、澳门和台湾;进而以国内25所高校与境外147个教育机构的116项合作办学项目为例,概括了中外合作办学的五种形式：境外课程、境外资历;双方课程、境外资历;双方课程、双方资历;境外课程、境外资历、国内证明书;双方课程、国内资历、境外证明书,并对每一种形式的教学方式进行举例说明;最后,作综合讨论了三个相关主题：优质的境外远程教育学历课程进入内地市场的挑战;未来教育的新模式对中外合作办学形式的挑战;香港高校与内地合作办学的独特优势。     

推进欧盟职业教育一体化的“达芬奇计划”探析

面对经济全球化和教育国际化的挑战,欧盟各成员国对于职业教育与培训重要性的认识达到了前所未有的高度。自20世纪90年代中期开始,欧盟启动了著名的里奥那多·达芬奇计划(Leonardo da Vinci Programme)(简称达芬奇计划),其目的在于推动成员国范围内的职业教育一体化进程,通过区域合作增强实力,提升欧盟国家职业教育在国际上的整体竞争力。达芬奇计划的实施取得了一些成效,但也存在不少有待解决的问题。     

The role of mass media in education policies: a Chinese case study

The role of mass media in education policy processes is increasingly complex, but research on its contribution is far from adequate. This study uses the higher education quality assurance policies issued in China at the beginning of this century to explore the roles played by mass media in the creation and implementation of education policies. Mass media’s current influence on Chinese education policies mainly includes promoting policy agenda setting, enhancing policy legitimacy and monitoring the process of policy implementation. However, its role in constructing a platform for public discussion and improving policy design needs to be strengthened.     

欧盟科学教育改革探析

欧盟于世纪之交开始实行新一轮科学教育改革。在这次科学教育改革中,欧盟始终以终身学习的大教育观为出发点,以"提高公民科学素养"和"促进所有学生科学兴趣"为主要目标,重视基础学校的科学教育质量,并力图实行几大科学教育的重要任务,为全体公民提供平等、开放、民主与包容的科学教育环境。欧盟在科学教育方面的新举措值得我们关注与借鉴。     

欧盟基础教育政策的主要内容、实施路径及影响

欧盟基础教育政策由宏观条约宪章、周期战略、教育与培训的战略框架（十年规划）,以及学校教育质量、幼儿教育与护理、学生关键能力、辍学和移民儿童教育等政策组成。这些政策主要依托夸美纽斯计划而得以实施。欧盟基础教育政策的实施增强了教育的欧洲维度,促进了教育公平,提高了教育质量。欧盟基础教育政策在制定和实施过程中,扩大欧盟对基础教育的干预力度和基础教育对欧盟一体化的影响力度,通过合作联动欧盟所有成员国基础教育,为全球化、区域化的教育问题提供典范。     

我国高职教育发展中几对矛盾的探析——来自新加坡高职教育的启示

我国高职教育存在着规模扩张与资源配置的矛盾给教学质量带来影响,校企合作双方利益不对等影响企业的积极性,教育主管部门的评估与第三方认证对高职教育的作用力明显不平衡,这些矛盾影响着高职教育发展的速度与质量。探析并借鉴新加坡高职教育中的成功经验,如＂双轨制＂教学运行模式、校企共赢的多方位合作机制、官方评估与专业机构认证共同促进教育教学管理的方式,对促进我国高职教育内涵式发展大有益处。     

Managing neo-liberalism with Chinese characteristics: The rise of education markets and Higher education governance in China

Reviewing the massification of higher education in China in the last two decades, this article critically examines how the education markets have emerged and developed in China through engagements with three major minban HEIs for addressing different development needs of the country. More specifically, this article discusses 1) the rise of minban (people-run) higher education developed by different local social forces; 2) the invitation of overseas universities to co-develop transnational education programmes for meeting citizens’ pressing demands for higher education; 3) the engagements of leading institutions from overseas for research capacity advancement. Through the analysis of these different types of non-state-run HEIs, we would appreciate how the Chinese government has skilfully transformed its higher education systems through the tactical adoption of neoliberal practices for education market formation in the country. The present article also reflects upon the unique university governance model in China, clearly revealing how state-university relationship has been affected by the unique and strong historical, political, and institutional traditions of the country.     

Quest for building world-class universities in South Korea: outcomes and consequences

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the Korean government’s policies for building world class universities (WCUs) and their implications for Korean higher education institutions. Primarily through an extensive literature review, but also through a discussion of field interviews and the experiences of one of the authors as a public official in education policy making, this study examines the Korean government’s policies to establish WCUs, as well as the outcomes and consequences of these policies. Using the framework suggested by Salmi (The challenge of establishing world-class universities. The World Bank, Washington, DC, 2009), the study seeks to answer the following research questions: (a) What policies has the Korean government implemented to build WCUs since the late 1990s? (b) How has the government’s quest to build WCUs transformed the Korean higher education system? Specifically, how have HEIs in Korea responded to the policies implemented? (c) What issues and challenges has the Korean higher education system confronted in its quest to build WCUs?