农村信息需求与服务研究:国内外相关文献综述

本文总结了20世纪80年代以来国内外有关农村信息需求与服务的研究成果,比较了国内和国外相关研究在研究视野、方法和主要发现方面的异同。比较结果显示,世界不同地区有关农村信息需求的研究存在很多相似,这表明农村这一地域特性可能超越了文化因素,成为塑造农村信息需求的主要因素;它同时表明各国在设计农村信息服务时存在相互借鉴的可能。研究还发现,截止目前,我国在该领域的研究以决策支持研究和探索性研究（exploratory study）为主,较少提出理论创新成果,我国在这一领域对世界的理论贡献与我们拥有的庞大农村人口很不相称。     

国外老年人信息行为研究综述

论文综合归纳分析国外老年人信息行为相关文献,表明国外老年人信息行为研究内容包括信息查询行为研究、行为影响因素研究,其中信息查询行为研究又包括信息需求、获取信息的渠道和信息检索行为三方面,研究趋势是从宏观调查研究向微观具体、多角度的实验研究发展。最后,分析了目前国外老年人信息行为研究的特征和不足。     

Administration of Education Enterprise and Gaps in the Provision of Needed Information: The Case of Pakistan

This study is qualitative in nature and aims at assessing the information needs and seeking behavior of educational administrators and finding related problems. Interviews of a purposive sample and review of related literature are among the major research methods. The study is based on interviews of 13 educational administrators and 32 information professionals from Punjab province and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) of Pakistan. The results correspond with the previous studies conducted in other countries. The educational administrators' information needs and seeking behavior reflect a kinship with their work settings and information environment that highlights a need to understand problem situations as an ancestor to understanding how they seek and use information. The study has identified a gap in the provision of needed information which hinders the realistic planning and decision making process. It has also highlighted the need of a National Information System for educational administrators in Pakistan. As this is the first study on this topic in Pakistan, the results can be useful to design information services and facilities for educational administrators in Pakistan and other developing regions of the globe with similar conditions.     

Towards a heuristic frame for transferring e-government technology

This article addresses challenges in accomplishing technology transfer process involving the adaptation and implementation of e-government applications from a donor country to a recipient country. Here it is claimed that prior e-government research has overlooked existing technology transfer literature from the field of knowledge management. This work is aimed at addressing the underlying issues associated with the transfer of e-government technology, given different characteristics of donor and recipient organizations in terms of the socio-economic context and the dynamics of the technological infrastructure. Based on a review, interpretation, and synthesis of a broad range of both technology transfer, e-government and knowledge management literature, we extend the Information Technology Transfer Life-Cycle Model, as this well-known model was derived entirely based on empirical evidence. To this end, we propose a heuristic frame for e-government technology transfer. Finally, five propositions accrued from both the literature review and the proposed heuristic frame are set forth to be further tested, in order to better understand the process dynamics of e-government technology transfer between countries.     

Improving Bhutan’s academic libraries,recommendations from a situational analysis

Abstract

This paper reports from a survey of media exposure and level of knowledge among senior high school students at various locations in Indonesia. Government budgets for education have recently been dramatically reduced in Indonesia and increasing financial burdens are put on the households, like in many other poor countries. There is a tendency to increasing differences in quality of schooling among social layers and geographical areas. Main conclusions in this research are that information asymmetry exists as a problem in society and that type of school and location matter more than media exposure for students’ knowledge level. Students in public schools generally score significantly higher than those in private institutions. Also, students’ level of knowledge tends to fall with decreasing level of geographical centrality. Our policy recommendations include increased public investment in quality schooling for all.     

Risk factors in e-justice information systems

With the increase of the communication systems' bandwidth and with the dissemination of the information systems, the fields of information and communication technology application expanded in almost all directions. E-government in general and e-justice in particular are no exception and these areas suffered strong changes in the last decades. There is no democracy without a system of swift and transparent justice. Therefore, the introduction of information systems in the courts allows a decrease both in time and number of pending processes, boosting the efficiency of the services provided to citizens and to the society in general.     

Implementation of the Faxon Union List System by the Boston Library Consortium

The Boston Library Consortium has produced a union list of serials for many years as a crucial element in its broad resource-sharing program. In 1982, the Consortium agreed to work in an advisory capacity with the Faxon Company in the development of a new union list system, and to become the first test site for the system. Features of the system such as record format, data entry procedures, and editorial review options are discussed, along with considerations of training, documentation, administration, and staffing.     

A study of the information seeking behaviour of hospital pharmacists: empirical evidence from Greece

Background: Hospital pharmacists need access to high‐quality information in order to constantly update their knowledge and improve their skills. In their modern role, they are expected to address three types of challenges: scientific, organizational and administrative, thus having an increased need for adequate information and library services. Objectives: This study investigates the information‐seeking behaviour of public hospital pharmacists providing evidence from Greece that could be used to encourage the development of effective information hospital services and study the links between the information seeking behaviour of hospital pharmacists and their modern scientific and professional role. Method: An empirical research was conducted between January and February 2010 with the development and distribution of a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled in and returned by 88 public hospital pharmacists from a total of 286 working in all Greek public hospitals, providing a response rate of 31%. Results: The hospital pharmacists in Greece are in search of scientific information and, more particularly, pharmaceutical information (e.g., drug indications, storage, dosage and prices). The Internet and the National Organization of Medicines are their main information sources, while the lack of time and organized information are the main obstacles they have to face when seeking information. Conclusions: The modern professional role of hospital pharmacists as invaluable contributors to efficient and safer healthcare services may be further supported through the development of specialized libraries and information services within Greek public hospitals.     

农民信息需求与农村信息服务研究综述：2008年以来

文章分析了2008年以来农民信息需求与农村信息服务主题下的175篇文献,在描述其基本概貌的基础上,从研究主题和研究方法两个维度进行深入分析。结论发现：相关研究数量显著增长并稳定发展,研究重要性得到凸显;研究主题逐渐多元化,但依然相对集中;研究以描述性研究和定性研究为主,研究规范程度有待提高。     

信息检索交互模型研究

为了增强检索效率,信息检索系统必须对用户的信息搜寻活动提供更有效的支持,为达到这一目的,需要更好地理解用户同信息系统间交互的本质。信息检索交互模型能帮助分析、理解这些交互以及如何实现相应的支持。     

信息素养与文献利用

文献的情报价值有显在的，还有潜藏的，需要读者从广度和深度两方面开掘与利用。影响文献利用的主观因素是读者的信息素养，包括情报意识和情报技能两方面，综合体现为情报接受能力。在一定的文献信息保障条件下，读者的情报接受能力对文献利用率起决定性作用，因而必须强化读者的信息素养。以强化读者在文献利用中的自主能力。     

Information literacy instruction in four Vietnamese university libraries

This case study explored the perceptions of academic stakeholders about the development and delivery of information literacy (IL) programs in four universities, and identified elements necessary to establishing IL credit courses in Vietnamese higher education. The following research questions framed this study: 1) How do library administrators, instruction librarians, and faculty perceive the current implementation of information literacy instruction (ILI) programs for undergraduates studies in universities libraries in Vietnam? 2) What are the challenges to including IL as a credit course in the curriculum as perceived by library administrators, instruction librarians, and faculty? Respondents were purposefully recruited from four universities, including library administrators, instruction librarians, and faculty. Three online surveys were distributed to 537 individuals through Survey Monkey with 149 replies and a final receipt of 133 completed surveys. Interview and focus group data collection included 23 face-to-face interviews and nine focus groups. Findings showed IL is considered the domain of librarians and has not influenced Vietnamese campus culture. IL activities at four university libraries take the form of lectures, workshops, and basic IL skills modules. Few ILI activities are subject discipline-related. Respondents reported challenges to an ILI credit course revolve around the lasting impact of teacher-centered instruction and rote learning, misperceptions about the effect of IL on student learning outcomes, degree of support of IL by academic stakeholders, degree of faculty–librarian collaboration, and scarcity of resources. Recommendations are given for academic librarians in Vietnam implementing ILI programs and considering developing IL credit courses.     

关于文献信息与知识关系的一点看法

本文主要探讨了文献与文献信息的区别，以及文献信息、知识和客观知识三者之间的关系。     

The Role of Perceived Self-Efficacy in the Information Seeking Behavior of Library and Information Science Students

This study investigated the self-efficacy perceptions of Israeli library and information science students regarding their information seeking behavior. That is, it examined the judgments that participants make of their searching abilities. The study was based on Bandura's four sources of self-efficacy information: past performance or mastery experiences, vicarious experiences of observing the experiences of others, social feedback and affective states. An online survey presenting the Information Seeking Self-Perception Scale (IRSPS) was distributed and 205 students completed the questionnaire anonymously. Findings show that participants reported a high level of self-efficacy and that three of the four sources of self-efficacy information were significant in constructing their self-efficacy beliefs. Correlations between self-efficacy percepts and several socio-demographic variables revealed no gender-based differences. A significant correlation was found between age and degree and the sources with more influence. Older postgraduate students reported being more impacted by their mastery experiences, their affective states and social feedback. The implementation of the Information Seeking Self-Perception Scale (IRSPS) can be valuable when designing and implementing LIS academic programs for different groups of students.