关于我国基层图书馆的竞争性话语比较

文章列举对我国基层图书馆的意义和现实具有建构作用的不同话语,比较它们所建构的基层图书馆意义,分析不同意义可能产生的现实前景.指出:覆盖全社会的公共图书馆服务体系能否实现,将在很大程度上取决于这几种话语竞争的结果.     

新全球史观下的博物馆藏品研究

全球化时代的博物馆藏品研究应采取全球视角、对话式模型、全球学术流转,并寻找全球相关性、建立全球论坛,藉此挖掘其世界历史意义与价值,在“一带一路”建设新形势下,不断探索博物馆藏品传承和利用传统文化的新模式,谋求博物馆可持续的未来发展之路。     

图书馆学概念和理论体系的创新与转型散论

图书馆学概念和理论体系的创新与转型是21世纪图书馆学理论发展的一个鲜明的时代特征，它由社会发展和图书馆发展所决定的，符合图书馆学理论发展规律。同时，这种图书馆学概念和理论体系的创新与转型对于图书馆实践和改革具有十分重要的意义。     

Pore structure and the disruptive or cementing effect of salt crystallization in various types of stone

Abstract

The presence of soluble salts in stone does not always lead to decay. Salt crystallization can be disruptive or cementing depending upon the pore structure of the stone and the crystallization pressure that develops within the pores. In this paper pore measurements on six types of stone and calculated pressure values are used to explain the decay morphology, and to show the correlation between the observed alteration processes and the crystallization pressure, which depends upon the pore-size distribution.     

Resource allocation to government documents departments in academic libraries

Resource allocation to documents departments in academic libraries is not a purely rational process. This lack of rationality leads to wide variation in the local levels of support upon which the GPO depository system depends. This article demonstrates these variations and suggests how documents librarians may change the levels of support their departments receive from sources within and beyond their libraries.     

Contradictory Advice – A Basic Examination of Decision Making

Abstract

Librarians have many options in seeking advice when making management decisions. Sources for this advice include “common opinion,” which is generally accepted as true without proof; experts, who draw upon their experience; and researchers, who rely upon accepted scholarly practices. The resulting advice is often contradictory and recommends radically different strategies. The value of the advice for the manager often depends upon its congruence with library characteristics such as type, size, location, budget, technological sophistication, and degree of independence. The culture of the library and any organization to which it reports also help determine its appropriateness. Finally, the status of decision makers in the library, their motivations, and their levels of cognitive dissonance play an important role. Overall, rational decision making based upon objective factors is difficult to achieve in this Internet world where managers in a filter bubble can find justification for whatever they wish to do. The column concludes with a sample decision-making process that emphasizes rationality.     

馆社博弈——图书采购的新模式

针对市场经济给图书馆采购的外部环境带来的变化,文章提出了图书馆改变目前单独依靠经销商的采购方式,与出版社直接建立采购联系的一种新的采购模式.该文阐述了馆社合作的可行性和优势,并进一步阐述了图书馆与出版社合作的方法和对策.参考文献5.     

“Try to Walk With the Sound of My Footsteps”: The Surveillant Body in Contemporary Art

While the prevailing artistic response to surveillance has been sousveillance, the turning of surveillance against itself, this paper suggests that the usefulness of such responses depends upon granting power to the surveillance video camera as the roving eye of an elusive disciplinary body. This paper analyzes contemporary art works where the surveillant eye is met not with the returned gaze, but with interpersonal and embodied responses that challenge the dichotomized relationship between viewer and viewed.     

图书情报学期刊的分层结构：基于同行评议的实证研究

同行评议是保证科研健康发展的一种重要机制,学术评价在本质上离不开同行的判断.本文通过问卷法,采用同行评议的方式调查学术共同体对18种CSSCI图书情报学来源期刊的感知和认同,使用聚类分析展示期刊在"类"的层次上的差异.研究发现:同行将18种期刊明显地分为4个层级;<中文核心期刊要目总览>和CSSCI来源期刊均只能部分地反映同行的评议结果;CSSCI来源期刊的评价结果与同行评议结果一致性略高于<中文核心期刊要目总览>.     

Perceived party polarization,news attentiveness,and political participation: a mediated moderation model

Perception of party polarization has a positive impact on political participation. While past research suggests that such impact depends upon people’s information use, empirical evidence is lacking. We used a mediated moderation model to test the multiplicative effect between polarization perception and media use on political participation. The data for analysis came from a survey of 625 representative Hong Kong residents in 2015. Findings show that the impact of perceived party polarization on political participation is contingent upon one’s news attentiveness, and that internal political efficacy serves as a mediator that partially explains the interaction effect. Narrowed gaps in political knowledge, efficacy, and participation were observed between light and heavy news users as perceived party polarization rises. The implications of the findings with respect to political participation, role of news media use, and the formation of efficacy beliefs in the context of party polarization are discussed.     

Nondestructive Testing of Historic Structures

Nondestructive testing (NDT) of historic structures can be used for architectural archaeology, structural stability analysis, or materials characterization. Four types of physical probes are available: sound, penetrating radiation, visible light, and electromagnetism. Each of these can be utilized in several ways. Additional options involve hybrid techniques that combine probe methods. Widespread application in architectural conservation depends upon overcoming institutional barriers including the lack of standardization, fragmented decision-making, and restrictive contracting procedures that do not take into account the benefits of NDT.     

图书馆立法势在必行

图书馆立法是保障、指导、协调图书馆建设和促进事业发展的必由之路，是国家履行国际公约所应当承担的责任和义务，要大力宣传图书馆立法。籍以社会力量影响公共决策。要加强有关图书馆法的法律体系、图书馆自由权益制度、读者阅读权益制度、文献资源协作制度等方面的立法研究。     

Rhetorica ad Herennium: Commentary and translation of book I

Persons offer accounts of their actions in problematic situations to change the meaning of an event. This linguistic practice of accounting has been studied primarily for its functions—how accounts manage meanings. This line of research is extended by examining the procedures persons use to accomplish accounts. The reconfiguring of the event's context is the key to understanding how accounts change meanings. The view of context as hierarchically organized is drawn upon to construct a model of accounts. Accounts are accomplished by the procedures of: (1) specifying contextual objects, (2) organized by the actor's rules to warrant, (3) the reconfiguration of the hierarchical levels of context.     

WARNING—The Existing Media System May Be Toxic to Your Health: Health Communication and the Politics of Media Reform

Our physical health depends, at least in part, upon the health of our media environment. Unfortunately, the commercial media system produces countless messages that not only misinform Americans about their health but also actively promote unhealthy behaviors. Rather than taking the existing media system as a given, this commentary argues that health communication scholars should work with media reformers to transform the media system in ways that advance public health goals. In particular, the ongoing regulatory struggle over low-power radio provides an important opportunity for health communication scholars and media reformers to join forces.     

WARNING—The Existing Media System May Be Toxic to Your Health: Health Communication and the Politics of Media Reform

Our physical health depends, at least in part, upon the health of our media environment. Unfortunately, the commercial media system produces countless messages that not only misinform Americans about their health but also actively promote unhealthy behaviors. Rather than taking the existing media system as a given, this commentary argues that health communication scholars should work with media reformers to transform the media system in ways that advance public health goals. In particular, the ongoing regulatory struggle over low-power radio provides an important opportunity for health communication scholars and media reformers to join forces.     

The Story Behind an Organizational List: A Genealogy of Wildland Firefighters’ 10 Standard Fire Orders

To invigorate research on the dialectic between lists and stories in communication, this study recommends adding context back to text by focusing on the enduring problems these forms are summoned to solve. A genealogy of one significant organizational list, wildland firefighters’ 10 Standard Fire Orders, shows how a list's meaning resides less on its face and more in the discourses surrounding it, which can change over time. Vestiges of old meanings and unrelated cultural functions heaped upon a list can lead to conflicts, and can make the list difficult to scrap even when rendered obsolete for its intended purpose. Reconciling these layers of meanings and functions is thus not a technical problem but rather a rhetorical one. Implications for communication research are addressed.     

Reference Services:

Research on reference service is still in the beginning stage. Librarians must select appropriate methodologies and carefully analyze the data collected in order to evaluate and improve reference service. Good measures are valid, reliable, practical and useful; standards must also be carefully chosen because so much assessment of effectiveness depends upon subjective values. Data collection strategies include quantitative measures derived from the experimental sciences and qualitative measures derived from the social sciences, including familiar methods such as surveys, questionnaires, interviews and case studies. These measures are discussed in terms of their appropriateness for reference service evaluation with citations to published studies.     

Flying in a V formation: themes of (in)equity,reality, and togetherness in adult siblings’ narrative explanations of shared parental caregiving

Guided by communicated narrative sense-making, the present study explored the themes that characterize adult siblings’ stories about their experiences with sharing care of aging parents. Interviews with 20 adult siblings revealed the varied and emotional nature of their shared parental caregiving stories. Adult siblings primarily constructed meaning of their caregiving experiences by drawing upon three overarching narratives: (1) the narrative of (in)equity, (2) the narrative of ideal versus real, and (3) the narrative of interconnectedness. These findings highlight the need for adult siblings providing care for their parents to work together as a team, exercise empathy in their interactions, and express gratitude for one another’s contributions. Several practical applications are discussed that can help siblings manage and overcome the relational challenges associated with caring for a parent.     

Governing Sounds: Hate,Race, and Responsibility in Post-Apartheid Broadcasting

The bounds of permissible hate in post-apartheid broadcasting in South Africa have been shaped by the state's withdrawal from certain regulatory processes, as well as the emerging regulation by the Broadcasting Complaints Commission of South Africa (BCCSA). The BCCSA—established, financed, and operated by South Africa's broadcasting industry—filled the regulatory void not just by governing post-apartheid hate; the BCCSA has sought to govern the racial constructs upon which hate depends. With the state's withdrawal, BCCSA officials have configured hate and race in neoliberal ways, shifting responsibility for post-apartheid hate away from apartheid's beneficiaries and toward those apartheid was intended to subjugate.     

Linux for Academics,Part II: The Advantages of Free and Open-Source Software

The publication of the Library of Congress Class K (Law) schedule has complicated classification of law-related materials for the social science librarian. Published guidelines for the use of these schedules are essentially tautological, and many subject areas which overlap (especially in Classes H and J) are not amenable to traditional subject classification analysis. A factor which contributes to a growing division of materials in many libraries is the large bulk of law-related materials that were classified before the publication of the Class K schedules. This affects the choice of classification numbers for originally classified material. The decision to eliminate a division of related materials in a collection depends upon a number of interrelated factors.