新高考改革背景下考生择校行为可视化分析——以M大学为例

新高考改革倒逼高校更加关注“用户需求”。通过采集某师范大学新生数据构建可视化模型,发现存在三类特征差异较为明显的新生“典型画像”。基于画像,可以制定不同群体的精准招生宣传措施并提供不同阶段的个性化服务。根据细分市场提供精准信息服务成为研究热点和行业共识。精准服务的前提是对细分市场用户群体特征的分析,把握潜在目标群体的择校动机,较好地回答“向谁宣传”“宣传什么”的问题。研究的创新在于探索根据新高考改革背景下择校行为的理论研究制定具体校本招生宣传政策的数据分析方法。     

Professor Paul Horst's Legacy: A Differential Prediction Model for Effective Guidance in Course Selection

The role of testing in determining college admissions and the impact of that testing on high school students are commanding increasing attention. There is emerging evidence that admissions decisions made solely on the basis of high school record can serve the college as well or better than decisions based, at least in part, on scores obtained on admissions tests. Further, though there is a recognized need for guidance, the tests in current use for admission provide limited information for helping students in making course selections that would make the best use of their abilities. This article reviews an alternative, long neglected and little known, for testing at the high school-college interface that would meet this need. Testing to provide differential prediction of college performance, as proposed by Paul Horst, focuses on allowing students to make the best match between their achievements, interests, and goals with the undergraduate programs of study available to them.     

“双高”建设背景下的高职院校图书馆信息服务

针对目前高职院校图书馆存在的信息服务内容单一、无法满足学校发展需求的问题,提出在“双高”建设背景下,高职院校图书馆在信息服务方面要加强信息资源体系建设,提升馆员服务能力,开展用户信息教育,开设专题信息服务,不断提升高职院校图书馆在“双高”建设中的信息服务能力。     

坚持价值性和知识性相统一,探究思政课教学方式的转变——以2020年天津市普通高中学业水平等级性考试思想政治卷为例

根据新时代思想政治理论课要“坚持八个相统一”的重要原则,以及思想政治课要“坚持价值性和知识性相统一”的重要原则,对教学实践改革进行相关阐述;以天津市2020年天津市普通高中学业水平等级性考试思想政治试卷为例,阐释了“坚持价值性和知识性相统一”与考生水平表现标准的关系;以典型试题为例,分析了在课堂教学及考试评价中“坚持价值性和知识性相统一”的实践和理论价值;根据《中国高考评价体系》的核心要义,基于高中思想政治课堂教学实践和高中新课程评价改革的需要,为高中思想政治复习课提出转变教学方式的思路及具体教学建议。     

Predicting school weapon possession: A secondary analysis of the youth risk behavior surveillance survey

As school psychologists are asked to help schools evaluate the level of violence risk posed by specific students, they need to fully consider the technical adequacy of any test or procedure that is proposed to “predict” future violent behavior or conditions. In this article, we contribute to this discussion by examining responses of 40,435 students from the 1993, 1995, and 1997 administrations of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey. Student self‐reported school risk behaviors and experiences are used to “predict” recent weapon possession on school campuses and to illustrate the use of receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the performance of a test for prediction purposes. An index of nine school risk behaviors was moderately correlated (r = .36) with school weapon possession. However, when the accuracy of using this school risk index to predict weapon possession is evaluated, it is found that the area under the ROC curve was approximately .75, a moderate‐to‐large effect size but still demonstrating inadequate prediction at the individual student level. Further, there were twice as many frequent weapon carriers with zero school risks than with 7–9 risks, suggesting that attention directed toward violence risk profiles may promote inattention to another group of students who engage in potentially high‐risk behaviors at school. It is argued that school psychologists should consider school violence appraisals within a developmental, long‐term model. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Understanding inclusive STEM high schools as opportunity structures for underrepresented students: Critical components

Inclusive STEM high schools (ISHSs) can be viewed as opportunity structures for students underrepresented in STEM. By opportunity structures, we mean an education that provides not only access to high quality STEM curriculum and instruction or “opportunity to learn,” but also the capacity to create learning environments where students can build STEM social capital and the dispositions, knowledge, skills, and networks to be successful in STEM college majors and careers. This is a cross‐case analysis of case studies that describe the design and implementation of eight “exemplar” ISHSs. Beginning with 10 hypothesized critical components, we found evidence for all 10, but present in unique patterns of prominence, depending on the school context. Further inductive analysis located an additional four emergent critical components that complete the picture of how these successful ISHSs were able to achieve their goals. Importantly, across schools, four components stood out as foundational: a flexible and autonomous administrative structure; a college‐preparatory, STEM‐focused curriculum for all; well‐prepared STEM teachers and professionalized teaching staffs; and supports for students in underrepresented groups. Although many of the critical components found in the ISHSs are also found in the school reform literature, these schools also had characteristics unique to STEM education. This paper is important in understanding STEM high schools as opportunity structures and as a school reform alternative that can help solve equity and social mobility gaps in STEM.     

流行文化与传统文化交叉视域下高中英语写作训练初探——以重庆市合川中学直升班为例

以十六年英语高考全国Ⅱ卷及所授课班级作文写作训练方式为研究对象,总结出以“流行文化高级短语”“传统文化长句识记”“微写作”“复句速记”“板书练习”为主的作文写作训练方式。     

“双高计划”背景下专业群的组建逻辑与建设策略——以小学教育专业群为例

高水平专业群建设是实施“双高计划”的重要抓手,是专业建设顺应经济社会发展和产业结构调整的必然要求。作为高水平专业群建设的小学教育专业群,是师范院校建设的特色和亮点,其组建的逻辑机理包含了学校与专业的共生逻辑、群内专业的共性逻辑、牵头专业与群内专业的共进逻辑,从而形成资源共享、互惠共生的小学教育相关专业建设的新生态。在小学教育专业群建设过程中,通过培养“一专多能”人才、优化课程结构、重构课程内容、打造创新团队、探索协同机制等策略,构建小学教育专业群发展的良性生态,彰显类型教育的办学理念和特色,着力培养“下得去、留得住、教得好”的农村小学教师。     

The relative responsiveness of concrete operational seventh grade and college students to science instruction

Numerous persons have suggested that instruction should match the developmental level of the learner. Are “concrete operational” college students developmentally the same as “concrete operational” seventh grade students thus in need of identical instruction? Matched concrete operational seventh grade and college students were given identical classroom instruction in probabilistic and correlational reasoning. The college students performed significantly better on posttest measures which appeared to require greater processing of information while significant differences did not exist on less difficult items. Level of cognitive development, field independence, and fluid intelligence correlated moderately with posttest performance for the seventh grade students. Field independence and fluid intelligence correlated moderately with posttest performance for the college students but not pretest knowledge of specific biological concepts and cognitive level. It was concluded that college students are more responsive to instruction due either to (1) greater amount of experience or (2) greater information processing capacity. Implications for science teaching are discussed.     

A Review of “Sacred Strategies: Transforming Synagogues From Functional to Visionary”

In this article the author suggests that a vision of the “ideal” underpins all educational work. The complex web of interactions and activities that make up school culture must be studied in order to find “ways in” to effecting change and approaching the ideal. Religious school culture may be especially complex, built as it is on both religious and academic ideals and often operating within a secular common culture. The author proposes a model for studying religious school culture, based on a vision of what the “idea” school culture might look like.     

DETERMINING THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF OCCUPATIONAL COURSES

Administrators, instructors, students, and employers need to know the essential concepts taught in occupational courses. In particular, instructors require this information in order to avoid some common teaching traps and to avoid establishing a series of cumulative deficiencies for their students. To provide this information, community college accounting instructors performed a forced Q‐sort of 56 accounting concepts. The high level of agreement on the Q‐sort was evidence for a “community of preference.” Lists of the essential and least important concepts were developed from this community of preference. The Q‐sort appears to be an efficient and effective “method” for determining what emphasis instructors should place on course content items.     

Examination of Indices of High School Performance Based on the Graded Response Model

We examined summary indices of high school performance (coursework, grades, and test scores) based on the graded response model (GRM). The indices varied by inclusion of ACT test scores and whether high school courses were constrained to have the same difficulty and discrimination across groups of schools. The indices were examined with respect to skewness, incremental prediction of college degree attainment, and differences across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic subgroups. The most difficult high school courses to earn an “A” grade included calculus, chemistry, trigonometry, other advanced math, physics, algebra 2, and geometry. The GRM‐based indices were less skewed than simple high school grade point average (HSGPA) and had higher correlations with ACT Composite score. The index that included ACT test scores and allowed item parameters to vary by school group was most predictive of college degree attainment, but had larger subgroup differences. Implications for implementing multiple measure models for college readiness are discussed.     

Predictors of university academic performance in Colombia

This chapter describes the available information about the prediction of college performance in Colombia (South America). Before graduating from high school, students must take a national examination which includes 400 questions grouped into four major areas: sciences (biology, chemistry, and physics), social sciences, language (verbal aptitude and Spanish), and mathematics (mathematical attitude and mathematical knowledge). ICFES scores are used as a major criterion for university admission. Existing research suggests that the correlations between ICFES scores and GPAs tend to be quite small and vary widely from one academic program to another. Other variables (e.g., high school grades) are better predictors of college GPA, quite likely because the same set of personal and socio-cultural variables are needed for both high school and college success.     

Revisiting the occupational aspirations and destinations of Anglo-Australian and Chinese-Australian high school students

Evidence from Australia lends support to the “Asian high achieving syndrome” in Chinese-Australian students and “self-deprivation syndrome” in Anglo-Australian students. Applying ethnographic case studies approach for doctoral thesis the author collected data on a longitudinal basis from homes and school of these students. All of these students attended the same school located in a predominantly middle class suburb of Perth Metropolitan area in Western Australia. Chinese-Australian families had settled in Perth from Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong, whereas Anglo-Australian families had been residing in Perth for three generations. Impetus to revisit these students (now young adults with their own families) 10 years later came from an urge to test the validity of the prediction the author had made in the concluding chapter of his doctoral thesis. The author had claimed that “if Anglo-Australian parents keep on dwelling in the era of 1950s and 1960s and do not change their laid-back attitude about education, their children could eventually be under-privileged in their own country”. Ten years later, the author undertook a follow-up study on these young adults from six of the eight original families in order to find out their occupational destinations and future aspirations. Data for the follow-up study were collected from these young adults and their parents. These research cases were interviewed twice, each time approximately for two hours and their parents were interviewed once for two to three hours. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of the follow-up study which reveals a remarkable relationship between the attitude towards schooling and academic performance with their subsequent occupational destination.     

The science support scale: Its appropriateness with high school students

Implementing the idea that more emphasis should be placed on student achievement in the affective domain is contingent upon the concurrent development of suitable instruments for the assessment of prescribed criteria. One such instrument, the Schwirian Science Support Scale (Tri-S scale), was reported in a recent NSTA publication as a promising tool for measuring student science support. Recent research using the Tri-S scale with high school pupils showed that scores on this instrument did not increase after the students had taken a tenth grade introductory course in biology. Further analysis indicated students of teachers scoring “high” in science support did not produce higher scores on the Tri-S scale than students studying biology from teachers “low” in science support. Reliability estimates using high school student scores were well below previous estimates using scores from college undergraduates. Factor analysis of inter-item correlations indicated that student interpretation of item meaning did not correspond to the five subtest structure of the Tri-S scale. Findings from this study demonstrate that the Tri-S scale is not an appropriate instrument for measuring attitudinal changes of tenth grade high school students. This study is suggestive of the fact that went and future instruments that purport to measure achievement in noncognitive areas should be carefully analyzed before they are recommended for use with specific populations.     

Estimating High School GPA Weighting Parameters With a Graded Response Model

The high school grade point average (GPA) is often adjusted to account for nominal indicators of course rigor, such as “honors” or “advanced placement.” Adjusted GPAs—also known as weighted GPAs—are frequently used for computing students’ rank in class and in the college admission process. Despite the high stakes attached to GPA, weighting policies vary considerably across states and high schools. Previous methods of estimating weighting parameters have used regression models with college course performance as the dependent variable. We discuss and demonstrate the suitability of the graded response model for estimating GPA weighting parameters and evaluating traditional weighting schemes. In our sample, which was limited to self‐reported performance in high school mathematics courses, we found that commonly used policies award more than twice the bonus points necessary to create parity for standard and advanced courses.     

The full extent of student-college academic undermatch

This paper quantifies the extent of student-college “academic undermatch,” which occurs when a student's academic credentials permit them access to a college or university that is more selective than the postsecondary alternative they actually choose. Using a nationally representative dataset, we find that 41 percent of students undermatch in their postsecondary choice. We also find that academic undermatch affects students with a range of academic credentials, but is more common among those students from low socioeconomic status families, who live in rural areas, and whose parents have no college degree. Finally, we show that between the 1992 and 2004 high school senior cohorts, academic undermatch has decreased by nearly 20 percent. The decrease is partially due to students being more likely to apply to a matched college.     

农村两类学校布局优化的现实问题与方向选择

城镇挤乡村弱是当前我国义务教育阶段最为显著的结构性问题。学校布局作为肇始之基,为更好补齐学校短板提升教育质量,现阶段的工作重点已聚焦至农村两类学校,重心也逐渐转向优化。在城乡义务教育一体化的时代背景下,为实现“就近入学”与“上好学”的优化目标,农村两类学校布局优化工作在农村教育为农与离农的冲突中,应服膺人本理念进行消解;在教育公平优先与教育效率先行的矛盾中,应合理配置教育资源进行平衡;在“由‘小’到‘寄’”与“由‘寄’到‘小’”的纠葛中,应明确两类学校定位进行调适,以助力农村学校布局工作。     

Gender‐Based Differential Prediction by Curriculum Samples for College Admissions

A longstanding concern about admissions to higher education is the underprediction of female academic performance by admission test scores. One explanation for these findings is selection system bias, that is, not all relevant KSAOs that are related to academic performance and gender are included in the prediction model. One solution to this problem is to include these omitted KSAOs in the prediction model, many of these KSAOs are 'noncognitive' and “hard‐to‐measure” skills in a high‐stakes context. An alternative approach to capture relevant KSAOs is using representative performance samples. We examined differential prediction of first year‐ and third year academic performance by gender based on a curriculum‐sampling test that was designed as a small‐scale simulation of later college performance. In addition, we examined differential prediction using both frequentist and Bayesian analyses. Our results showed no differential prediction or small female underprediction when using the curriculum‐sampling tests to predict first year GPA, and no differential prediction for predicting third year GPA. In addition, our results suggest that more comprehensive curriculum samples may show less differential prediction. We conclude that curriculum sampling may offer a practically feasible method that yields minimal differential prediction by gender in high‐stakes operational selection settings.     

关于《思想道德修养与法律基础》(2015年修订版)教材的深度解读及理性思考

教材《思想道德修养与法律基础》(2015年修订版)相比以往版本,在内容上再次发生大的变化,主要体现在章节结构、主要内容、思想观点、言语表述及逻辑主线等诸多方面。正是这些内容上的变化使得新版教材逻辑主线清晰,章节分配合理,内容贴近实际,具有较强的时代感和鲜活感。要想使新版教材发挥应有作用,日臻完善,还迫切需要教育者、编写者、大学生注意以下几点:首先,教育者要注意专题教学方法的运用;其次,教材编写者要注意个别词语的再斟酌;最后,当代大学生要注意教材"学习思考"和"阅读文献"部分。