新农村建设中农业期刊的功能开发与拓展

结合我国社会主义新农村建设中存在的问题,主张使科技期刊智库、桥梁、转化器的社会功能达到进一步开发与拓展,在科技推广中扮演裁判、教练、媒人角色,当好“龙头”,培养新型农民,以技术链延伸产业链和价值链,形成资源节约型、环境友好型农村技术体,提升我国农业强国的地位。     

Face the Books: A Leadership Journey

Leadership, as a topic, has seen a lot of interest in academics as well as with practitioners. The search, however, has not yielded a concrete formula, though there are quite a few theories which have worked well in certain contexts. The context of special libraries is one such area which has a huge potential in discovering what leadership actions have worked well and what can be a framework for success in other special libraries, especially when the utility of special libraries is being questioned in a corporate environment. The dearth of leadership and leadership development literature in special libraries, from a practitioner's point of view, provides a good opportunity for sharing a small journey of success. The column builds upon the application of leadership actions deriving from diverse and merging fields like learning and development, organizational behavior, marketing, and human psychology of reading in making a case for the utility of corporate libraries in the development of employees.     

How do public libraries function as meeting places?

How are libraries used as meeting places, and by whom? Through survey data, six categories of places are identified: the library as a “square,” as a place for meeting diverse people, as a public sphere, as a place for joint activities with friends and colleagues, as a metameeting place, and as a place for virtual meetings. Representative samples of the population in three townships in Oslo, each with a markedly different demographic profile, are surveyed. Multivariate regression analyses are performed to analyze why some people use the library for a range of meetings and others do not, as well as to examine variations in the use of the library for different kinds of meetings. Public libraries are shown to be used for a variety of meetings. Community involvement is more important than township and demographic variables in explaining variations in use of the library as a meeting place. Correlations between low income and low education and high use of the library as a meeting place were found, indicating that the library as a meeting place plays a substantial role in equalizing the possibilities of being an active citizen across social and economic differences. The study contributes to understanding the role of the public library in a multicultural context. The public library as a unique and complex meeting place has important implications for future librarianship.     

公文开头方式与整体写作思路的对应关系及适用情况探析

本文从公文开头的要素构成着手,对公文开头方式的形成及与公文整体写作思路的对应关系进行了较深入的分析,概括出九种公文整体写作思路类型,并对公文开头方式的适用情况作了探索性解读,以期能对公文开头的写作规律有更深入的认识和把握,为公文写作实践提供方法指导。     

The Role of a Scene in Framing a Story: An Analysis of a Scene's Position,Length, and Proportion

A scene is proposed as the unit of analysis in broadcast news studies as a way to measure a more accurate representation of perspectives and arguments of a story. Based on film studies, a scene is defined as a unit that represents continuity in time, place, character, ideas, or themes in a news story. The role of a scene in a news story is analyzed by examining how the position, length, and proportion of a scene frame and valence are related to story frame and valence.     

Two-dimensional specification of queries in object-oriented databases

Visual queries based on schema graphs simplify access to databases for technical and non-technical users. Unlike relational databases, in object-oriented databases, the basic entity in a query, i.e. a class, is frequently considered as a compound of several entities to which the query operations may apply, which causes the deficiency in describing an entity of designation. In this paper, we propose a visual query language object query diagram (OQD) for object-oriented databases, where a class is decomposed into a number of object sets, each of which is a set of values of one of the attributes of the other classes. By representing each class and object sets in the class using the well-known Venn diagram in a query, OQD explicitly presents all the entities to which the operations in a query can apply. We describe the syntax and semantics of OQD through a number of illustrative examples.     

Weeding of Library Materials-Politics and Policies

An overview of the weeding process is presented along with a review of its nature, purpose, and proper functioning in a variety of environments. Attempts to define the various terms used synonymously for weeding give some insight into the general nature of the process. The value of weeding lies primarily in developing a quality collection by eliminating out-of-date information that is potentially misleading and, in areas such as medicine, even dangerous. Factors supporting the development of a weeding program may include redundancy in the collection, shifts in goals and emphases of the institution, physical deterioration of materials, obsolescence of materials, and the need for space. Matters such as cost, politics, availability of storage or cooperative agreements should be taken into account in determining the appropriate weeding strategy. Different potential criteria (such as use of materials) are defined. Finally, it is indicated that, while there is a cost for weeding a collection, not weeding carries a more subtle cost.     

独立学院图书馆发展中的问题及策略分析

独立学院图书馆作为高校图书馆模式的创新,突破了原有的概念和管理制度,与高校图书馆模式有融合,有改革。本文介绍了在独立学院图书馆发展过程中出现的一些问题,并针对这些问题做出了一些策略分析。     

The Brillouin Information Measure Applied to Materials Selection

This study addresses the problem of selecting materials for a subject collection in a university library. An objective, quantitative method was tested. It is based on the relationship of documents in a collection to a document considered for acquisition. The Brillouin formula was used to measure the impact of a document on the collection. It is an information measure which has been used to measure the order or disorder of a particular population distributed over a number of unique classes. In this application it is used to measure the diversity, or relatedness, of a collection of documents. "Comprehensiveness" is presented as a selection criterion; it is defined in terms of breadth of subject coverage, rather than number of documents in a subject collection. Implications for collection evaluation are discussed.     

Synthesizing the Indexing and Propaganda Models: An Evaluation of US News Coverage of the Uprising in Ecuador,January 2000

This is a study of US-based print media coverage of the indigenous-led uprising in Ecuador which occurred in January 2000. As a result of having mobilized tens of thousands of Ecuadorans, the Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador managed to peacefully force the resignation of a President who had presided over one of the worst recessions in Ecuador's modern history. Nevertheless, most US news dailies covered the affair as if it was purely a military coup and a threat to democracy, in spite of the existence of hundreds of citizen-led, participatory governing councils (called the “People's Parliament,” by Ecuadorans). Previous scholarship on media performance in relation to US foreign policy has proven in a variety of cases to serve as a useful analytical tool and predictive device. This article evaluates the extent that the propaganda model by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, as well as the indexing model by W. Lance Bennett, are instructive in the case of the news media performance of US which covered the uprising in Ecuador.     

Not Good Enough?

An increasing flow of amateur images of global crises presents challenges and opportunities for mainstream news media. Furthermore, many news organizations now solicit eyewitness reports for near-instant upload to Web editions. Yet, there is a lack of empirical research on amateur images in the regular news flow, in particular in newspapers. Thus, this case study examines the general frequency of amateur content, the gatekeeping process and the opinions of editors making decisions about images for publication in the online and print editions of four Swedish newspapers. Our findings, based on quantitative content analyses and interviews, indicate that a majority of the content falls in the hard-news category in contrast to findings in previous research about user-generated text content. Moreover, it appears regularly but in small numbers in a tabloid-content daily and a regional paper but hardly ever in broadsheet-content papers, and that opinions in the newsroom about amateur images vary from a lack of interest to a stated need for them in the regular news coverage. The low impact of amateur content may be due to the gatekeeping process and professional standards of photography, as well as a lack of audience interest and difficulties in implementing new structures in the newsrooms. In sum, the findings disprove predictions in the literature of a near-paradigmatic rise of amateur content in the mainstream news media.     

The American Library Consultant Overseas

Information is a resource for development, which every country, developed or developing, must use to produce a national outlook. Many people view it as a raw material and commodity capable of being exploited for personal gains and for the good of a nation. However, the idea of an information society is not a global phenomenon. While there is a glut of information in developed countries, there is a dearth in developing ones. Against this background of information lag, this article examines the information divide in contemporary societies.     

高校数字图书馆建设相关原则研究

高校数字图书馆建设是一个大的系统工程,要根据学校规模、资金、建设环境、读者等各方面因素综合考虑。文章从总体设计、数字资源建设、资源整合和门户网站设计等方面,探讨了数字图书馆建设的相关原则以及如何建设一个读者实用的数字图书馆。     

Reference transaction and the nature of the process for general reference assistance

This empirical study of the process for library reference assistance, brought about by the attempt to develop a knowledge-based intermediary system for such assistance in an academic library, revealed a “missing link” in the chain of the process that delivers such a ubiquitous assistance to library users. That link in the chain was the select strategy, a vital professional step which incorporates and represents the professional expertise that distinguishes reference librarians from their colleagues. As a consequence, this article suggests a revised model of the reference process to include the select strategy, in order to understand better the process and reflect the experience in a practical situation.     

Information within a system of the basic categories of a planetary analysis

At the turn of the 21st century a methodological analysis of the planetary development of civilization became a topical issue in world science. Such an analysis is based on a framework of categorical concepts adopted for active use in globalistics, namely, the biosphere, sociosphere, technosphere, noosphere, and infosphere. The given context provides a new perspective on the phenomenon of information and informatics, with the latter having experienced increasing demands as a popular scientific discipline in the field of information. In the contemporary setting, these phenomena can be adequately evaluated only in connection with the above concepts.     

一种新范式：文件连续体理论的发展及应用

针对目前学界存在的对文件连续体理论的一些误读,本文系统梳理和阐释了文件连续体理论的核心概念、产生背景、主要内容及其应用,指出文件连续体理论是在澳大利亚基于证据和连续体的文件管理思想、文件系列体系思想的基础上,借鉴后保管主义及结构化理论建构的后现代主义文件保管的新范式。它强调文件并非是中立物,文件的运动具有时空延伸性。该理论的终极诉求是建立一个自下而上的、可靠的文件保存体系,以完整保存集体记忆,促进社会民主发展。要实现这一诉求,文件的保存就需多方主体的参与和合作。文件连续体理论为文件管理提供了重要的理论框架,对建构完整的社会记忆具有重要的指导价值,同时也为对传统档案学的核心概念及理论进行批判性反思提供新的视角和工具。     

The Academic Librarian: Buying Into,Playing Out,and Resisting the Teacher Role in Higher Education

This article reports the findings of a small-scale study in a UK university. The research investigated how academic librarians experienced the processes of becoming a teacher. As more librarians are drawn into a teaching role, understanding these developments becomes crucial. A narrative approach revealed the challenges faced as they participated in a program of teacher education. Institutional agendas and a diverse student population complicated these processes. This produced a complex interplay between identity and pedagogy, resulting in a lack of legitimacy in the teacher role. This has implications for the way in which academic librarians are supported in such transitions.     

Dynamics of Illegal Participation in Peer-to-Peer Networks—Why Do People Illegally Share Media Files?

In 1997, a law was passed in Spain that mandated that “broadcastings of general interest” be free-to-air rather than pay-per-view. Since that time, a soccer match of the Spanish First Division—considered a public benefit activity—can be viewed on a weekly basis for free throughout the regular season. The aim of this article is to determine whether a “general interest” for these free-to-air broadcastings exists. To perform the empirical analysis, a demand equation for a TV audience is estimated using a unique panel data set on a regional level, in which the dependent variable is the number of viewers of free-to-air matches in each Spanish region during the period 2008–2012. The model specifications consider whether a particular region has a team competing in the First Division and other socioeconomical and sporting variables. The results conclude that a nationwide “general interest” in free-to-air broadcasting of soccer matches, which would support Spanish law, does not exist, with the exception of matches played by Real Madrid Club de Fútbol, Fútbol Club Barcelona, and local teams.     

“A Home for Me When I Am So Far from Home”: Perceptions of Libraries by Immigrant Mothers in Language Acquisition and Cultural Acclimation

This phenomenological study examines the unique perceptions of immigrant women concerning the public library as a meeting place, a support to integration into American culture, and a provider of programs for acquisition of the English language. The library offers a place for observing the culture of the new country from a distance to active participation; it is an arena for comfort and consolation in a difficult life situation as well as an arena for activity and participation. It provides support in developing friendships, acclimating to a new culture, learning a new language, and providing avenues to employment. Three mothers, who fulfilled the criteria for the study, were selected from an initial focus group. Women from Kurdistan, Mexico, and Indonesia were interviewed individually to gain an understanding on the issues brought forth in the focus group. They participated in interviews over the course of 6 months. These programs became a fortuitous blending of an established community with a group of families looking for a support community in a new country. This study has implications for institutions serving immigrants as they look to find a community of support, to learn English, and to acclimate to American culture as they create a comfortable identity that blends their home country with the new country.