Anger,fear, uncertainty,and attitudes: a test of the cognitive-functional model

The cognitive-functional model of discrete negative emotions and attitude change (CFM; Nabi, 1999) attempts to bridge the theoretical gap between “emotional” and “rational” approaches to persuasion by focusing on how emotions motivate attention to and processing of persuasive messages. As a first test of the CFM, this study explored the effects of 2 emotions, anger and fear, and 2 levels of expectation of message reassurance, certainty and uncertainty, on attitudes toward domestic terrorism legislation. Results supported a main effect for emotion type, suggesting that anger promotes deeper information processing than fear, and a main effect for reassurance certainty level, with uncertainty promoting deeper information processing. The expected interaction between emotion type and reassurance expectation level was not found. Implications of these findings for the model and persuasion research generally are discussed.     

The nominating convention as purveyor of political medicine: An anecdotal analysis of the democrats and republicans of 1984

This paper employs the Burkean notion of sociological criticism as a means of studying the discourse associated with the 1984 national nominating conventions. Through the use of the “mirroring” anecdote the findings indicate that the two parties organized narratives that followed distinct assessments of political reality as the Democrats told a story following a “fear and fairness” theme while the Republicans relied on a “prosperity and patriotism” theme.     

Self‐report scales of communication apprehension and autonomic arousal (heart rate): A test of construct validity

Previous research has typically relied upon self‐report scales of communication apprehension without assessing construct validity. This study attempts to assess the construct validity of selected scales and the constructs “communication anxiety” and “communication fear.” The results indicate higher levels of physiological arousal increase for females. Only scales purporting to measure communication fear were able to predict an a priori product of communication apprehension autonomic arousal.     

Naming and Claiming Cancer among African American Women: An Application of Problematic Integration Theory

This study examines how a sample of African American women understands the uncertainties fundamental to cancer risk communication. Utilizing data from four focus groups, Problematic Integration (PI) theory is applied as an interpretive lens for illustrating their felt difficulties of talking openly about cancer and breast cancer in everyday life. The women describe worry about cancer and its prevalence among African American women; ambivalence and uncertainty; belief that what is not uncertain is certain and awful; fear and avoidance; contradictions in “claiming” and “rebuking” cancer; and hopefulness.     

Historical Perspectives on Problem Patrons from the British Public Library Sector, 1850-1919

Summary

Failure to engage an historical perspective can lead to exaggeration of the novelty of the “problem patron” phenomenon in libraries. In fact, from the institutions' earliest years, there were significant levels of fear that British public libraries would be abused by their intended users. This paper examines the experience of the problem patron in British public libraries in the years 1850-1919, and the definitions and solutions suggested by supporters and staff of these libraries. Contemporary sources are used to suggest that some observations about this period may have continued relevance for present discussions of the “problem patron.”     

The effect of variation of rate on the recall by radio listeners of “straight” newscasts∗

A comparative analysis of the theories of Kenneth Burke and Alfred North Whitehead provides a different perspective of persuasion. The areas of comparison are: (1) the composition of the rhetorical situation and the function of the rhetor; (2) the modules: “identification” and “transmutation” and (3) the paradigms: “consubstantiality” and “concrescence.” Other perceptions of the rhetorical situation, the axiological latitude and functions of the rhetor, and the interrelations between the rhetor and the audience might, thereby, be gained.     

Problem Patrons and Library Security

Summary

Front-line library staff members often encounter “problem patrons” —those patrons who put others in fear for their own physical security, whether or not that fear is ultimately justified. This article identifies the risks and suggests some precautions, including: defusing anger at the service points through improved interpersonal communication techniques and staff training, drafting policies and procedures to help guide staff as they deal with incidents, and improving the security of library buildings. Legal issues surrounding library security also are examined.     

Job satisfaction among Greek academic librarians

This study, which investigated job satisfaction among academic librarians in Greece, used the Employee Satisfaction Inventory (ESI). The instrument assessed six dimensions of job satisfaction: “working conditions,” “pay,” “promotion,” “job itself,” “supervision,” and “organization as a whole.” Greek academic librarians were most satisfied with “job itself,” “supervision,” and “working conditions” and less satisfied with “pay” and “promotion.” Prior working experience contributed negatively to the prediction of satisfaction with “working conditions,” “supervision,” and “organization as a whole,” whereas participation in decision-making positively influenced “job itself” and “organization as a whole.” These findings are in accordance with prior studies and can be particularly useful for providing a comparative and comprehensive understanding of job satisfaction in the library profession.     

Metaphor and the rhetorical invention of cold war “idealists”

This paper presents a five‐step procedure for identifying metaphorical concepts guiding the rhetorical invention of three Cold War idealists”;: Henry Wallace, J. William Fulbright, and Helen Caldicott. The source of their collective failure to dispel threatening images of Soviet savagery is located in a recurrent system of metaphorical concepts (including MADNESS, PATHOLOGY, SICKNESS, AND FORCE) that promotes a reversal of the enemy‐image rather than its transcendence. By decivilizing America's image, “idealists”; turn the victimage ritual inward upon a self‐righteous nation and provoke “realists”; to regress further into decivilizing images of the Soviet Union.     

Paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge: Macro and micro evidence

In this study, we investigate the extent to which patent citations to papers can serve as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science using a comparative study with a control group, i.e., instant recognition papers. We identify the two opposite groups of papers by the Bcp measure, a parameter-free index for identifying papers which were recognized with delay. We provide a macro (Science/Nature papers dataset) and micro (a case chosen from the dataset) evidence on paper-patent citation linkages as early signs for predicting delayed recognized knowledge in science. It appears that papers with delayed recognition show a stronger and longer technical impact than instant recognition papers. We provide indication that in the more recent years papers with delayed recognition are awakened more often and earlier by a patent rather than by a scientific paper (also called “prince”). We also found that patent citations seem to play an important role to avoid instant recognition papers to level off or to become a so called “flash in the pan”, i.e., instant recognition. It also appears that the sleeping beauties may firstly encounter negative citations and then patent citations and finally get widely recognized. In contrast to the two focused fields (biology and chemistry) for instant recognition papers, delayed recognition papers are rather evenly distributed in biology, chemistry, psychology, geology, materials science, and physics. We discovered several pairs of “science sleeping”-“technology inducing”, such as “biology-biotechnology/pharmaceuticals”, “chemistry-chemical engineering”, as well as some trans-fields science-technology interactions, such as “psychology - computer technology/control technology/audio-visual technology”, “physics - computer technology”, and “mathematics-computer technology”. We propose in further research to discover the potential ahead of time and transformative research by using citation delay analysis, patent & NPL analysis, and citation context analysis.     

国家综合档案馆“官微”传播行为分析——基于新浪微博和微信平台的实证研究

在“新媒体热”的当下,肩负使命的档案工作者更应冷静面对、理性选择。本文主要采用文本分析法和比较研究方法,首先在整体样态描述的基础上探究国家综合档案馆政务微博和微信的传播者形象塑造,接着选取统计学意义上最具代表性的官微账号探究其传播议题设置和传播内容分析。为更好地比较微博与微信的传播差异,还对微博和微信上各项指标排名都较为靠前的“江苏档案”和“抚顺档案”深入研究,并以2014年“国际档案日”为契机探讨官微的典型事件传播。本文的研究既为综合档案馆官微描述现状提出建议,也为未来新的媒介平台的出现提供参考。     

情报学界对“知识管理”的研究现状分析——基于关键词的关联规则挖掘

基于对情报学核心期刊中研究知识管理的文献进行关键词关联规则挖掘,并依据规则进行文献内容分析,得出情报学界对知识管理研究的现状与总体特征;通过与学术界知识管理研究热点内容进行对比,发现情报学界对知识管理研究的特色在于知识服务和人文特性,并对其研究价值进行分析,以期为情报学界对知识管理的研究提供帮助。     

Gender,Risk and Journalism

The central concern of this paper is to address the question, “Is it more dangerous to be a woman journalist when reporting conflict”. Beck states “risk is the anticipation of the catastrophe—so it is existent and non-existent”. Is the contention that female journalists are more at risk, knowledge, or a construction of knowledge? Are editors and journalists who decide that women are more at risk merely anticipating a catastrophe? There is no certainty, of course, that women are more at risk, but the fear that they might be can prevent them from being sent to cover conflict, or force them to decide not to go to dangerous places. Certainly, an improvised explosive device or rocket fire does not distinguish between sexes. In many situations being female actually helps women journalist in conflict zones. In this paper we present findings from a survey of journalists who work in conflict zones and ask whether it is the job or the gender which is the most dangerous?     

区块链+图书馆:读者服务生态重塑与优化策略

区块链技术手段与实施路径为公共文化服务变革提供了创新动能,其在图书馆领域的应用场景、实施思路正逐渐明晰,而“区块链+图书馆”已成为图书馆服务生态重塑的核心一环。在此背景下,文章通过文献研究、比较分析、专家访谈和综合分析等方法对区块链技术在图书馆服务转型中应用的重要意义和方向进行回顾,对“区块链+图书馆”读者服务生态重塑的场域设计与关键业务进行深入解析,并给出“区块链+图书馆”服务生态重塑的优化策略,促使图书馆更多优质服务内容价值回归,为后续区块链技术在图书馆更多场域的落地应用提供参考。     

A typology of Chinese “archives”

This paper reports on a study aimed at providing a structure for the various types of “archives” in China. As the concept of “archives” in China has Chinese characteristics (hence the quotation marks), so is the practice in China that is relevant to the Chinese “archives.” Developing a typology of Chinese “archives,” therefore, did not strive to tease out the logics between and among these types, but rather focused on outlining their existence in their originating environment. The typology was developed using the perspective of historical development, i.e., presenting the various types of archives along with the particular times and/or spaces in which they existed and functioned. Representative features were summarized based on the practices associated with these archives, i.e., the time requirement for internal archival transfer, the broad coverage of archives and the flexible criteria for archives categorization. These features differ from those in other countries and are related to the requirements of Chinese archival management. It is hoped that this presentation of the typology of Chinese “archives” will provide readers outside of China an informative introduction and a general understanding of archival practices in China, and will provide a foundation for comparative studies between China and other countries.

     

Intertribal dance and cross cultural communication: Traditional powwows in Ohio

Greater fear arousal is associated with greater engagement with persuasive messages, and negative information and events are more potent than their positive counterparts. Hence loss-framed persuasive appeals, which emphasize the undesirable outcomes of noncompliance with the communicator's recommendations, should elicit greater message processing than do gain-framed appeals, which emphasize the desirable outcomes of compliance. But a meta-analytic review (based on 42 effect sizes, N = 6,378) finds that gain-framed messages engender slightly but significantly greater message engagement than do loss-framed messages. This effect is apparently not a result of whether the appeals refer to obtaining or averting negative (e.g., “skin cancer”) rather than positive (e.g., “attractive skin”) outcomes.     

“Glocal” patterns of communication-information convergences in Internet use: Cross-cultural behavior of international teaching assistants in a culturally alien information environment

There is minimal research on the cross-cultural needs, priorities, and behaviors of international participants immersed in contemporary culturally alien information environments. Through a quantitative analysis of Internet use patterns of international teaching assistants (ITA) studying in graduate school at a representative university in the United States, the authors discover communication-information convergences in ITAs’ use of the Internet as a “glocal” network, connecting the “global” and “local” dimensions in their everyday lives. The paper identifies dual functions of the Internet considered meaningful to the ITAs in the diaspora, namely: (1) to engage in various communication activities with friends and family in their home countries (the “global”), thereby providing psychological comfort and overcoming social isolation; and (2) to conduct information gathering activities that establish coping mechanisms for ITAs in their new homes in the United States (the “local”). The paper presents empirical data highlighting correlations between communication and information intersections in ITAs’ use of the Internet. Findings extend past Internet research and user studies in traditional communication and information research, which only alluded to these communication-information convergence processes, to better understand how international people use the Internet in present-day cross-cultural contexts of interaction.     

“2020全国高校图书馆知识服务与创新应用高级研修班”综述

第八届高校图书馆知识服务与创新应用高级研修班在知网在线教学服务平台召开,研修班分“图书馆之未来”“图书馆业务构架与资源/平台/数据”“图书馆服务”“图书馆研究成果与实践案例分享”四个主题单元展开详细深入的探讨和交流。文章综合研修班嘉宾发言、主题内容的报告以及国内外相关的文献资料与前沿研究,拟从图书馆目标定位的理论指导、发展转型的实践规划、应急体系的完善建设三个核心板块,集中呈现本次研修班的课程内容,探讨高校图书馆发展变革的趋势与转型之路,把握新信息时代下图书馆的发展方向。     

Uruguay's utopian broadcasting: Political and artistic freedom

It is perhaps inevitable, but none the less disturbing to discover errors, in standard reference works. The source of the error may be well hidden, but it is the responsibility of each researcher to check “accepted” findings, whenever opportunity presents itself. This is as true with respect to bibliographic citations as to research data or analysis. This “research coup” by Frank Kahn is one of several comments on Lawrence Lichty's “Who's Who on Firsts: A Search for Challengers” published in the Winter, 1965–66 issue of the Journal. Many corrections or additions were published in the Spring, 1966, issue, and readers are urged to send in other “challenges” as soon as possible. Mr. Kahn, Lecturer in radio and television at Queens College, has contributed to the Journal of Broadcasting in the past.