科技论文引言部分的人称口气及其表达

在陈述研究背景、研究理论依据时,如果不用引自参考文献中的作者姓名、不用泛指他人如"已有作者"等词语做主语、定语、状语成分,引言部分是采用第一人称的写法(即口气)来写作的.在简要陈述研究目的、研究方案时,在汉语、英语科技论文中均可用"我们"作主语来表达第一人称的口气;在较多的汉语科技论文中,常常用"作者"或合理人格化的词语"本研究"、"本工作"、"本实验"等作主语来表达第一人称写作口气.     

亚太地区世界记忆工程的现状与推进

亚太地区世界记忆工程是世界记忆工程的重要组成部分,对于保护亚太地区各民族记忆起着重要作用。本文在论述亚太地区世界记忆工程进展的基础上,从与世界记忆工程保持一致、宣传力度较大、记忆名录层次丰富三个方面总结了成绩,从参与度、合作度、网站建设方面分析了存在的不足。最后,本文从宣传、合作与网站建设三个主要方面提出了推进亚太地区世界记忆工程进一步发展的措施。     

期刊文献分布特征的分析

以1999-2003年生物技术学科期刊文献分布曲线为依据,利用知识密度梯度graduR(n)的概念,对知识场中文献分布特征进行分析。结果表明,在任何一个学科的知识场中,集中区文献分布呈间断性变化,离散区文献分布呈连续性变化,从而构成期刊文献分布的基本特征。基于此,指出期刊文献分布特征研究是对文献分布规律的进一步描述。     

关于中国公共图书馆同美国公共图书馆相比较的思考

从中国公共图书馆超过美国公共图书馆的方面、同美国公共图书馆相似的方面和与美国公共图书馆不同的方面这三个角度进行比较;通过比较,可使人们对中国公共图书馆近些年取得的成就和存在的问题有个客观的了解,同时也对美国公共图书馆的情况有所了解。     

图书馆如何制定知识共享战略

在简要明确图书馆知识共享战略含义的基础上,指出图书馆知识共享需要战略的原因,分析图书馆知识共享战略提出的现实背景。图书馆知识共享战略的核心在于确定图书馆知识共享的方向、目标和计划;制定图书馆知识共享战略需要遵循两个基本法则：独特法则和简单化法则;确定图书馆知识共享方向,一要清晰;二要正确。最后提出图书馆知识共享目标确定的注意事项以及图书馆知识共享计划制定的步骤。     

《共产党宣言》珍稀版本研究——中山大学图书馆藏《共产党宣言》的学术价值

系统阐述了近年来中山大学图书馆在全球收集的多种不同出版时期、不同语种的《共产党宣言》的情况,重点论述了19世纪早期重要的三种版本、20世纪前半叶两种重要的英译本和中国本土首个中文节译本的收藏情况、内容与版本特色等,认为中山大学图书馆经过长期的马克思主义馆藏建设,形成了独特的《共产党宣言》版本收藏,真实地反映了《共产党宣言》在欧美、在世界和在中国传播的历史,具有极其重要的历史价值、文献价值和学术价值,对推动马克思主义理论研究与传承具有重要意义。     

Chinese Studies Librarianship in North America

Although American libraries had begun collecting Chinese language materials in the 19th century, notably the United States Library of Congress in 1869, Yale in 1878, Harvard in 1879, and Berkeley in 1896, East Asian studies librarianship in North America, including China studies librarianship, was not fully developed until the 1960s. There was no formal organization that represented the interest of Chinese studies librarians because there were few of them and most of them were China scholars rather than trained librarians. More than 100 years later, the number of Chinese studies librarians in North America has increased considerably, primarily in response to the demand in the field of China studies and more recently to the needs of immigrant population and the general public who has an interest in China.This paper traces the history and growth of Chinese studies librarianship in North America, documents the development of the professional organization that represents Chinese studies librarians, and exami.     

韩国的司书培养体系和资格制度

韩国司书培养体系及资格制度,是随着图书馆的环境变化和1963年韩国《图书馆法》的制定修订而发展至今的。本文不仅考察了司书及其资格制度的变迁过程,而且考察了司书资格条件及制度的实施效果;探讨了现行的韩国司书培养制度存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的方案。     

The information needs of end-users of Sub-Saharan Africa in the digital information environment

The digital divide is severe in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The prevailing digital divide will continue to exist and define the characteristics of the digital information environment of the sub-region as it influences, along with other concerns, the information needs of end-users in the sub-region. The model of information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment and observations and theories from the literature of Library and Information Science (LIS) show that the information needs of end-users in SSA are for information content that is relevant for day-to-day tasks and that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of the information and communications technology (ICTs) that they possess and their level of skill in manipulating the ICTs. The model of the information needs of end-users in the electronic information environment presents the nature of user tasks, the state of electronic resources in use, and user experience in using the electronic resources as factors giving rise to information needs of end-users in a digital information environment. The principles of least effort, satisficing, utility and accessibility particularly give support to the argument of the paper: that end-users need information content that is adequately accessible and effectively usable within the capabilities of ICTs currently in use by the end-users concerned. Recognizing the nature of the information needs of the end-users of SSA will help in meeting their needs as well as in selecting appropriate interventions in addressing the digital divide in the sub-region.     

人权视角下的图书馆读者权利保护

图书馆读者权利与人的权利有共通之处。因此,从人权角度出发,图书馆读者权利应在社会和历史的范畴之内提出,且可分为实有权利、应有权利和法定权利。为实现图书馆读者权利的"三权统一",可以在以下几方面加强工作:图书馆立法、管理制度、图书馆协会及学会、图书馆规章制度、图书馆教育职能和图书馆读者。     

Archiving the wild,the wild archivist: Bukit Brown Cemetery and Singapore’s emerging ‘docu-tivists’

In recent years there has been growing interest in the discipline of computing in relation to cultural heritage, parallel with developments in greater user participation in archives and advances in documentation work. These trends are reflected in the case of a documentation project of an old Chinese cemetery in Singapore, Bukit Brown Cemetery. This case was characterised by tensions among the ‘wild’ array of emerging individual participants and archivists that took the momentum away from both more formal NGOs and government institutions in documenting, archiving and raising awareness of the heritage of the site when part of it was announced to be set aside for a new highway. The case presents a compelling need for participatory archives, facilitated by computing interventions encouraging public engagement and visits to the site. Being actively involved in the documentation process, the authors reflect on how conceptual frameworks of records may assist in designing new media innovations and informing the ways by which a cemetery may be documented. Through these reflections, the authors argue for the active participation of archivists and records professionals in documentation work, and demonstrate how, in the creation and keeping of records, they shape the collective imagination of the public and other stakeholders in heritage sites.     

Reading in Kazakhstan

The main purpose of the sociology of reading is determining, through the analysis of reading data, the social processes actually at work in society. This article analyses the results of sociological research done by the research staffs of libraries in Kazakhstan between 1991 and 1994. It focuses also on the problems faced by the sociology of reading in Kazakhstan, where such research was previously considered by the authorities as purposeful only in solving the practical problems of libraries. Today, reading in Kazakhstan is characterized by frequent changes in readers' demands caused by the dramatic changes in ideology, politics and economics in the constituent parts of the former Soviet Union. Reading in Kazakhstan is becoming more utilitarian. Pragmatic information needs determine the choice of literature. There is a sharp decline in the demand for fiction compared to the 1980s. Those intellectual spheres in which ideological control was severest, such as history and philosophy, flourish and effect reading. Finally, the decision of independent Kazakhstan to encourage the use of the Kazakh language is having an effect on reading patterns.     

论英语专业教材与学生思辨能力发展的关系——以《现代大学英语》（精读）的任务设计分析为例

学生思辨能力的发展是近年来外语教学研究的关注点之一,而英语专业学生的思辨能力往往受到研究者的批评或质疑。教材作为课堂教学的重要辅助手段,教材的内容必然与学生思辨能力发展之间存在一定的关系。因此,本文以静态的英语专业教材为研究对象,采用Andrew Littlejohn的教材任务分析表,对《现代大学英语》（精读）教材中的活动任务进行分析,探究英语专业教材是否有利于促进学生思辨能力的发展。经过分析发现该教材的活动设计强调对语言形式的关注以及对记忆能力的依赖,缺乏以交际为基础的意义表达和交流。因此,教材对培养学生思辨能力的作用不显著。     

Developing Oral History in Chinese Libraries

Compared with oral history in most Western countries, oral history theory and practice in Mainland China lag behind in both study and practice. This paper outlines the experience of oral history work in the Shantou university library, and the types and features of the oral history collected by the library. It examines problems in the development and utilization of oral history in Mainland Chinese libraries and offers suggestions for the development of oral history in libraries in Mainland China, and other developing countries.     

微信在真人图书馆服务中的应用研究

真人图书馆存在着宣传力度不到位、真人图书难以招募、读者与真人图书交流不够等问题。文章结合微信用户数量庞大、信息交流即时性和互动性强、信息传播方式多元化、资费低等特点,从加强宣传力度、活动开展前的调查分析与信息的发布、活动中的交流讨论等方面探讨了微信在真人图书馆中的应用,并提出了应用微信的注意事项。     

National Information and Communication Technology Policy and Digital Era School Librarianship in Botswana

School librarianship has advanced in the digital era to encompass interactivity, connectivity, and access to a wide variety of information in different formats, through the capabilities of information and communication technologies. School libraries exist to support learning in schools and the importance of the digital age in student's learning cannot be overstated. Today's students are born in the age of technology; therefore a school library that does not encompass the use of electronic media will not meet the needs of the digital generation. The purpose of this article is to find out the status of technology diffusion and use in Botswana school libraries and to advance reasons for the lack of information and communication technology uptake in school libraries. A document analysis of literature was done to determine the factors that hinder the growth of school librarianship in Botswana during the digital era, using the stakeholder theory as a lens for the investigation. Findings reveal a weakness in the social, political, and economic areas of leadership in national information policies which seem to be a remnant from the beginning of the digital age in Botswana and indeed in most African countries. Some of the recommendations point to using the stakeholder theory to tackle the hurdles in school librarianship leadership and policy in the information age.     

Transition of Library and Information Science Education in China: Problems and Perspective

Library and information science education in China is in a period of transition. The changes in the social, economic and technological environment have introduced new requirements for the professional personnel. The growth of the information industry and the expansion of the labor market have motivated schools of library and information science to adjust their objectives, curriculum and knowledge structure in order to meet social needs. This article discusses the changing social environment in the 1990s and the challenges to professional education, and responses from schools. Based on the curriculum of 17 schools of library and information science in China provided at the Second Joint Annual Meeting of Deans held in 1995, the author provides data on required courses, specialized elective courses and non-specialized courses according to the frequency of each course appearing in the curriculum. The objectives are to determine the state-of-the-art structure of the knowledge base and to identify any consensus among teaching institutions. The difficulties and problems in educational reform are discussed and some trends in professional education in China are predicted.     

从档案看清代道光二十二年新疆巴里坤大地震的赈灾对策

巴里坤地处新疆天山北路东部地区,被誉为“新疆咽喉”。巴里坤是清代新疆地震多发区。其中,清代道光二十二年五月初三至初五巴里坤爆发了7.5级大地震。中国第一历史档案馆的宫中朱批奏折档、台北故宫博物院的宫中朱批奏折档、道光朝上谕档、军机处录副奏折等至少14份清宫藏地震档案极为翔实地记载了此次大地震的相关事宜。这在清代新疆地震史乃至清代全国地震史上堪称罕见。笔者据以上档案等概述了新疆巴里坤大地震的情况,论述了清廷采取的抚恤灾民、官员捐廉、借贷银两、捐款修城、派拨兵遣、起用废员、提拔官员等赈灾对策,进而剖析这些对策的利弊,从而使我们借鉴其合理对策且警惕其不妥对策,这对当今的防灾减灾工作有重要的现实意义。     

The Continuing Digital Divide in the United States

Mapping the digital divide in America is a multifaceted issue; however, the influence of underlying socioeconomic causes, the shift in the conversation to new divides including broadband accessibility and digital literacy, and the importance of the library in narrowing the divide are all prominent points of focus in the literature today. As conversations surrounding the digital divide begin to shift from a divide in access to a divide in skills and/or literacy, attention must be drawn to meeting those needs in equal measure to maintaining access as the primary means of closing the digital divide in America.