关于新闻与传播教育的四个问题

这是作者在研讨会议上的发言,涉及新闻教育的指导思想、如何理解教育的全球化和本土化、课程安排和培养学生的职业意识等问题。     

A survey of native American serious drama from 1900 to 1918 1

This article seeks to isolate factors associated with effective and ineffective campaign speeches made by Adlai E. Stevenson in 1956. To distinguish effective from ineffective speeches, the author solicited the judgments of 105 campaign associates, Democratic and Republican politicians, journalists, and students of public address. Eighty‐seven replies were received and sixty‐four were sufficiently complete for analysis. There was high agreement that six speeches were effective and six ineffective.

Factors associated with effectiveness (their opposites with ineffectiveness) included the following: single issue discussed; relatively uncontroversial subject; constructive material emphasized and refutation de‐emphasized; responsive and sympathetic audience; speaker spent great deal of time editing and revising but little on basic draft; revisions were to clarify and identify with audience rather than to qualify remarks; emphasis on solutions rather than problems; introductions contained humor, irony, and satire; presence of direct ethical appeals; emphasis on values rather than needs; frequent alterations in text during delivery.

The author also found several factors common to both effective and ineffective speeches. These included, among others: foreign or domestic issue; size of audience and size of auditorium; length of speech of introduction; length of program prior to speech; logical organization; poor use of summaries and transitions.     

基于细粒度评论挖掘的书评自动摘要研究

挖掘图书评论不仅有助于用户了解图书内容,还可帮助出版社优化营销策略。图书评论摘要能够大幅提升用户获取信息的效率,用户只需简短阅读摘要即可了解评论的重点内容。如何为用户提供简洁、准确的图书评论摘要具有重要研究意义。目前的评论摘要研究多是采用句子抽取式的方法,忽视了评论中细粒度的情感信息。此外,不同的图书评论平台在评论内容方面存在较大的差异,仅基于单一平台的评论构建摘要,用户难以通过评论摘要全面了解图书。本文提出了一种包含属性信息和内容信息的图书评论摘要模型,并设计了基于细粒度评论挖掘的书评摘要方法。实证结果表明,本文提出的评论自动摘要方法,生成的评论摘要能够提供细粒度、多维度的图书评价信息。     

Lay summaries of open access journal articles: engaging with the general public on medical research

This study investigates attitudes to ‘lay’ or ‘plain‐English’ summaries of open access (OA) journal articles in the context of engaging the public with medical research. It places lay summaries in the wider contexts of patients' information‐seeking behaviour and OA publishing activities. It reports the results of qualitative research involving two stakeholder groups: employees of organizations with a stake in communicating OA medical research to the public, and members of the public who have experience of accessing online medical research. It shows that patient access to the research literature is seen as one of a number of important sources of information that can help them manage their health conditions as ‘informed patients‘. However, accessing the literature was reported to be problematical, particularly because of paywalls, and there were also difficulties in using it, including language barriers. Lay summaries were seen to make a helpful contribution to improving patient access to information. There is, however, a clear need to gather more evidence about the costs and benefits of such an approach and also on the potential ways in which OA can create benefits for the general public.     

Plain language summaries: Enabling increased diversity,equity, inclusion and accessibility in scholarly publishing

• Plain language summaries (PLS) are accessible, short, peer-reviewed summaries of scholarly journal articles written in non-technical language.
• The aim of PLS is to enable a broader audience of experts and non-experts to understand the original article.
• Here, we outline the evidence base for the value and impact of PLS and how they can enable diversity, equity, inclusion and accessibility in scholarly publishing.
• PLS can diversify readership and authorship, address information inequity, include typically under-represented stakeholders and provide an accessible route into scholarly literature.

     

A bibliography of rhetoric and public address for the year 1963

Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the relationship of six predictor variables to immediate comprehension and delayed retention of a lecture. Listening comprehension ability and extrinsic motivation accounted for a statistically significant proportion of the variance in immediate lecture comprehension scores; and initial information, aroused interest, and intrinsic interest were found to be the best predictors of ‘delayed retention of the materials. However, intrinsic interest was inversely related to delayed retention. The data suggested that although persons with high initial information and low intrinsic interest did not comprehend the lecture any better than others, they retained more of what they heard. Thus the variables which most influence lecture comprehension may not significantly influence the delayed retention of what was heard.     

The Influence of E-book Format and Reading Device on Users’ Reading Experience: A Case Study of Graduate Students

To explore the influence of e-book format and reading device on users’ reading experience, this paper studied a group of graduate students’ reading speed and comprehension. The participants were asked to read same length content from the same monograph chapter in both fixed layout format file (PDF) and fluid format file (EPUB) on four different reading devices: laptop, tablet, dedicated e-reader and smart phone. Their reading process, speed and comprehension were recorded and compared. Through the experiment and depth interviews, this study found that e-book format and reading devices have influence on reading speed and reading comprehension level. Generally speaking, people read EPUB files faster than PDF files. For smart phone, dedicated e-reader and tablet, participants’ average reading comprehension is higher when reading EPUB file, while most participants read PDF file faster when they use laptops.     

The effect of humor in dull and interesting informative speeches

Subjects were exposed to an informative speech on “listening”; intended to be either dull or interesting and either humorous or serious. They were tested for recall of information in the speech and asked to rate the speaker they heard on ethos scales and the speech they heard on interestingness and humorousness The addition of humor enhanced the interestingness of the dull speech but did not produce greater information retention. Addition of humor to each speech enhanced ratings of speaker character.     

浅析通过CNMARC提要文摘项更好地揭示书目数据信息

结合我馆实际，探讨提要文摘项在揭示书目数据信息中的重要作用，并对CNMAC中不同类型文献提要文摘项的编制方法提出了一些自己的看法。     

面向在线群体研讨的言语行为分类体系设计框架研究

缺乏言语行为分类体系及其构造方法论,已经成为国内言语行为自动化分析研究的一个主要障碍。以信息系统设计理论为指导,提出言语行为分类体系的设计需求,并以流程为人造物的观点,研究设计出一个包含5个关键步骤的迭代流程来满足设计需求。进一步以该方法论为指导,以E-learning环境语料为案例,提出一个适合在线问答研讨的言语行为分类体系,并验证该体系的辨别能力和泛化能力。E-learning语料环境的应用结果表明,该言语行为分类体系构造方法论具有较好的效果。     

古籍藏书印章的內容及价值

对山西师范大学图书馆入藏善本古籍所钤印章进行分类,探究古籍藏书印在史传补遗、藏书史研究、古籍版本鉴定、艺术鉴赏等方面的价值和意义。     

Listener adaptation to cerebral palsied speech

Tape recordings of cerebral palsied children with speech problems were played back to 10 speech correctionists on three different occasions one week apart. On the third occasion eight out of ten of the children were judged as having a less severe speech problem even though the correctionists were listening to exactly the same recordings under identical conditions. The results indicate that some of the improvement reported by speech therapists in the speech of cerebral palsied children, following a period of therapy, might represent a change in the listener rather than a change in the child's speech.     

西文图书出版年的著录探讨

通过学习AACR2和美国国会图书馆条例解释LCRIs,结合多年的工作经验,对西文图书出版日期信息的比较和著录项进行了总结,以寻求西文编目工作的规范化和标准化。     

图书馆期刊管理体制研究综述

对我国图书馆期刊管理体制研究概况、期刊管理体制的类型及现阶段期刊管理体制的争论焦点进行总结归纳,以探讨新时期图书馆期刊管理工作发展趋势。     

论网络信息资源开发利用的知识产权保护

文章归纳了当前我国网络信息资源开发利用中涉及的主要知识产权问题,探讨了具有针对性的、符合我国国情的知识产权保护策略。     

基于问卷调查的高校图书馆阅读推广活动分析

通过对国内一些高校图书馆进行阅读推广问卷调查,对高校图书馆在阅读推广的活动方式、具体措施、主体范围和主观意识四个方面进行分析,并梳理问卷调查参与者对图书馆阅读推广方面的其它建议,提出高校图书馆在阅读推广方面应该加强活动的系统性、立体性、创新性,有效地调动大学生阅读的积极性。     

关于第二代学人图书馆学思想研究的综述

第二代图书馆学人无论是在图书馆学基本理论还是在发展图书馆事业方面都做出了巨大的贡献。本文根据学者对图书馆学人的代际划分,综述第二代学人图书馆学基本理论思想、图书分类思想、图书馆管理思想及其研究特点。     

Online speech and democratic culture: a comparison of freedom of online speech between South Korea and the United States

Civil libertarian doctrine which was dominant during the twentieth century argued that the main goal of freedom of speech was to ensure that the public would be well-informed and actively engage in public deliberation. A literal extension of this claim to the Internet age often justifies the regulation of online speech under the assumption that harmful communication undermines the public interest. This study challenges civil libertarianism and proposes a new thesis of freedom of online speech, which posits that online speech should be understood in terms of a democratic culture where every individual participates freely and without restraints in the process of meaning making that constitute her/him as an autonomous individual. Based on such a theoretical concept, this study identifies three important aspects of online speech freedom – unfettered speech, anonymous speech, and participatory speech – and then compares the status of online speech between South Korea and the United States. This research suggests that a society should understand the unique nature of online speech and then arrange the legal system to fit into it.     

《四库全书总目》四种词籍提要辨正

《四库全书总目》关于晏殊、苏轼、黄庭坚、叶梦得四人的词籍提要存在一些论证、判断错误,经过分析,得以辨正。