An examination of institutional policy on copyright and access to research resources in Uganda

Education and research are the cornerstones of Africa's socioeconomic and political development. Yet several barriers stand in the way of Africa's education and research institutions in realizing their full potential. This paper examines copyright as a barrier in the access and use of electronic resources in Africa's education and research contexts. This paper addresses this policy question by examining the extent to which the draft policy on research and intellectual property rights management of Makerere University advances access to resources and the open sharing of knowledge. Based on the critical analysis of Makerere's policy, this paper notes that openness should trump other institutional interests in the copyright system. The position taken in the paper is that institutional policies should advance open sharing of information and knowledge (internal or external to the institution). Short-term legal remedies are proposed based on various Creative Commons' licenses that are designed to advance openness within existing national copyright statutes. Long-term remedies suggested involve reforming national and international laws and instruments to advance openness including protecting existing provisions for education and research. Protection of education and research activities can be attained by not simply availing the existing exceptions and limitations but also precluding statutory exceptions and limitations from being overridden by contractual licenses. The proposed short and long-term remedies are expected to be addressed by institutional policies to facilitate in the access and use of e-resources (and other research and educational resources).     

知识共享许可协议在高校机构知识库著作权管理中的应用研究

知识共享许可协议已经成为开放存取中解决著作权问题有效的法律工具,而该协议在高校机构知识库的应用无论从理论还是实践仍旧是空白,联系高校机构知识库的建设实践,通过分析高校机构知识库资源的种类和著作权归属,研究了如何运用知识共享许可协议进行著作权授权。     

知识共享许可协议在高校机构知识库著作权管理中的应用研究

知识共享许可协议已经成为开放存取中解决著作权问题有效的法律工具,而该协议在高校机构知识库的应用无论从理论还是实践仍旧是空白,联系高校机构知识库的建设实践,通过分析高校机构知识库资源的种类和著作权归属,研究了如何运用知识共享许可协议进行著作权授权。     

图书馆著作权作品获取权的限制与保障

认为赋予图书馆著作权作品获取权是基于对公众知情权、文化教育和表达自由等权利的保障,因此,图书馆的获取权有坚实的法理基础。数字环境中,图书馆的获取权受到技术保护措施的限制。只有法律设置规避技术措施的例外条款,同时采取因应之策,才有利于著作权法合理设计图书馆的权利,有效保障图书馆的获取权。
     

创作共用协议在机构知识库建设中的应用与意义

介绍创作共用协议的起源、包含的基本权利及可以保留的权利,分析当前IR建设中存在的版权问题,列举创作共用协议在开放存取资源中的应用,并阐述创作共用协议在IR建设中的意义。     

国内高校读者对机构仓储认知调查分析

文章对高校读者的Open Access基本认知、机构仓储基本认知、资源开放共享意愿和机构仓储联盟的认知与需求进行问卷调查。经过统计分析后认为,目前多数的高校读者并不了解．Open Access、机构仓储等相关理念和服务;多数高校读者愿意共享其学术资源,学历越高者越注重版权各方面的权益;机构仓储联盟适合绝大多数高校用户的需求,可以作为高校机构仓储的后续发展模式。     

开放内容许可及其对数字文化产品共享效果的影响

[目的/意义] 传统版权保护（ARR）模式在数字文化产品传播过程中越来越受到挑战,本文旨在分析和检验开放内容许可（OCL）对数字文化产品共享效果的影响,探索有利于文化产品创新和数字资源共享的新途径。[方法/过程] 分析开放内容许可及其在合法分享中的应用问题,以开放音乐为例,提出影响数字音乐传播与共享的研究模型。利用SoundCloud开放音乐分享平台数据,采用对比分析法将样本按照共享模式分为ARR组和OCL组,提取下载频次和播放频次两个测量共享效果的变量,并对样本数据进行统计分析。[结果/结论] 统计结果显示：无论是下载频次,还是播放频次,OCL作品都显著超过ARR作品。相比仅采用版权保护,开放内容许可更有利于数字文化产品的传播与共享。OCL是目前解决非法分享、激励文化创新和促进数字资源共享的有效途径。     

高等学校机构知识库资源征集的著作权策略探讨

著作权管理是高等学校机构知识库资源建设的重要法律问题。以著作权状态为标准,可以把高校机构知识库储存的资源分成五大类。高校机构知识库资源征集的著作权障碍包括:著作权政策不完善、共同拥有的著作权的制约、作者对著作权侵权的担忧、著作权立法存在不确定性。解决该问题应采取如下措施:制定统一的机构知识库著作权管理的政策架构、提高机构知识库著作权资源授权协议的规范性、建立鼓励性与强制性相结合的资源自存储政策、主动与出版商合作建立著作权的许可使用机制、在高等教育界宣传普及机构知识库的基本知识。     

The role of policy entrepreneurs in open government data policy innovation diffusion: An analysis of Australian Federal and State Governments

Open government data (OGD) policy differs substantially from the existing Freedom of Information policies. Consequently OGD can be viewed as a policy innovation. Drawing on both innovation diffusion theory and its application to public policy innovation research, we examine Australia's OGD policy diffusion patterns at both the federal and state government levels based on the policy adoption timing and CKAN portal “Organization” and “Category” statistics. We found that state governments that had adopted OGD policies earlier had active policy entrepreneurs (or lead departments/agencies) responsible for the policy innovation diffusion across the different government departments. We also found that their efficacy ranking was relatively high in terms of OGD portal openness when openness is measured by the greater number of datasets proactively and systematically published through their OGD portals. These findings have important implications for the role played by OGD policy entrepreneurs in openly sharing the government-owned datasets with the public.     

科学数据开放中数据中心政策分析与建议

[目的/意义] 在科学数据的开放共享体系中,数据中心是关键利益相关者。对科学数据中心发展的现状、基本政策进行分析,并提出相关建议。[方法/过程] 利用re3data.org注册机制,从多角度分析科学数据中心,包括收录数据的类型、数据的获取方式、数据获取的限制条件、使用许可、元数据标准、永久标识符、质量管理、数据中心的认证等内容。[结果/结论] 在分析科学数据中心现有政策的基础上,为进一步推进科学数据的开放共享提出相关建议,包括推进科学数据的开放性、合理配置管理成本、有效评估科学数据质量等内容。     

Improving Research and Learning in Higher Education in Portugal: Digital Resources,E-Books,and a Discovery System as Enabling Factors for Students

ABSTRACT

This article describes a library's implementation of digital resources for research, teaching, and learning at a higher education institution in Portugal. A school specializing in education and teacher education established strategic performance areas related to digital resources for the fulfillment of its mission, which included some functions of the academic library. The library implemented a discovery system, and the school invested in a wider range of resources, including e-books, both acquired and institutionally published. The library's training programs were also revised to promote the new system and electronic resources. This case study describes how an academic library in Portugal responded to institutional needs, illustrating how libraries everywhere must connect to the larger vision and demonstrate value through technologies, integrating digital and print resources to provide access built around users' needs.     

日本机构知识库存缴后印本论文的著作权策略研究

介绍日本的开放获取策略数据库SCPJ和科学技术振兴机构（JST）为支持各个学会制定的开放获取策略,从中分析日本机构知识库对后印本论文的著作权和开放获取策略,并阐释其对我国机构知识库实行开放获取的启示。     

Copyright Information Management and the University Library: Staffing,Organizational Placement and Authority

Copyright plays a central role in numerous activities within higher education, and educating a university community about copyright law should be a priority, if only to protect the institution from lawsuits. But, based upon a literature review, institutions devote a more resources to other intellectual property activities – plagiarism detection, technology transfer and illegal file sharing management – than for general copyright education activities. Utilizing Mintzberg's organizational model and its discussion of organizational placement and legitimacy as a conceptual framework, this study explores the current copyright education structures among the universities that comprise the Consortium on Institutional Cooperation, otherwise known as the CIC or the Big Ten, to determine whether organizational placement, credentials of individuals, and resources devoted to this activity affect the legitimacy of the office and the authority of copyright officers to fulfill their responsibilities. The results of this study suggest that organizational placement, while it plays a role, is not nearly as important as the credentials of the individual in the position in conveying legitimacy.     

机构库共享机制研究

通过开放存取发展趋势和机构库现状的研究,从三个角度提出机构库共享的必要性。在信息资源共享原则的基础上,结合机构库自身的特点,深入分析机构库的共享原则。最后通过探析机构共享发展阶段,结合OAIS长期存取框架,并利用OAI PMH互操作协议,构建机构库长期联合共享模型。     

科研模式变革中的数据管理服务:实现开放获取、开放数据、开放科学的途径

随着信息技术的发展与普及,全球学术交流模式总体朝着开放获取的趋势发展,信息时代的科学活动需要更多的数据开放和共享。开放数据是公众参与科学、推动社会进步的必要条件。无论是对于图书馆工作还是对于信息服务、知识服务来说,科研模式的变革都是一种新的挑战。与此同时,在此背景下,也产生了一种新的机遇,即与科研数据管理相关的一系列新内容,包括:明确科研数据管理各利益方;明确数据管理服务的主要内容;塑造科研数据开放共享文化,开展各个利益相关者之间的数据对话;进行科学数据开放共享各个环节的政策研究;明确数据馆员发挥的作用和职业价值。表6。参考文献70。     

Abusive copyright litigation,proposed solutions,and the implications for Creative Commons licenses

US Copyright Law empowers rights holders to enforce their rights and to defend the market value of their intellectual property through litigation. So-called copyright trolls are rights holders who exploit the law and the court system by pursuing allegations of infringement primarily to generate revenue through court-awarded statutory damages or settlements outside of court. Such abusive litigation undermines the intention of the US Constitution's Patent and Copyright Clause as well as the public's respect for copyright. Yet legislative reform intended to deter abuse may impact those offering their work under Creative Commons (CC) licenses when they seek to enforce their rights. This article presents the ways in which legal scholars define abusive copyright litigation and their recommendations for thwarting it. Then, using examples from actual court cases, the article suggests potential implications of these recommendations for the enforcement of CC licenses.     

数据挖掘版权政策构建研究:研究型图书馆的立场

[目的/意义]针对大数据背景下数据挖掘所面临的版权政策问题,作为高校科研院所文献信息中心的研究型图书馆应当构建灵活的数据挖掘版权政策。[方法/过程]综合分析研究型图书馆面临的版权政策环境,从国家立法和出版商政策两个角度,分析版权许可和法定例外这两种政策构建方式。[结果/结论]我国研究型图书馆应该积极推动建立数据挖掘版权例外制度,同时完善内容采购的版权许可机制,提高与出版商的谈判能力;从宏观和微观的角度为科研人员开展数据挖掘提供灵活全面的政策支持。     

国外机构知识库存缴机制与政策研究

[目的/意义]通过对国外机构知识库存缴机制与政策的调查分析,希望为我国机构知识库在内容存缴机制和政策保障方面提供借鉴。[方法/过程]首先,从存缴内容、存缴方式及流程、组织保障3方面对国外机构知识库的存缴机制进行研究,其次,从资助机构和科研机构存缴政策两方面对国外机构知识库存缴政策进行详细的分析。[结果/结论]通过对国外机构知识库存缴机制与政策的分析,发现国外机构知识库存缴内容和来源多种多样,中介存缴、OAI-PMH开放获取收割方式是必然趋势;在存缴政策方面,资助机构和科研机构实施的强制性存缴政策对资源的存缴起着决定性作用,尤其是在国家不同层面制定政策来促进资源的存缴;在科研机构层面政策的制定上,辅助以激励政策,与科研管理系统相关联进行科研评价也是促进资源存缴与开放的一种新的政策模式。     

开放数据的著作权解决方案——ODC协议研究

[目的/意义] 研究ODC协议对处理开放数据著作问题、降低数据利用侵权风险、预防数据权益纠纷发生、实现开放数据可持续发展具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 以法律关系分析方法,厘清覆盖于数据之上的著作权法律关系;以字面解释等法律解释方法,对ODC协议及其重要条款进行解读;以案例调研、比较研究等方法,对ODC协议的适用问题进行归纳并提出解决方案。[结果/结论] ODC协议通过将数据的著作权法律关系解构为单个数据、数据内容、数据库、衍生数据库、集成数据库、数据产出等部分来设计授权使用条款,将开放数据的使用者扩展至所有主体,技巧性地回避了对事实数据进行授权的法理难题,同时从多个方面实现了协议的明确性、全球性和前瞻性。ODC协议是开放数据著作权问题的有效解决方案之一,适用时建议同时建立数据许可权限管理机制、科学发现权的承认与保护机制,并建议在未来的ODC协议更新版本中完善对被许可人恶意重复违约的规制问题。     

The Copyright Law Framework and Its Interaction with Open Access Repositories in Europe

The paper examines the European copyright framework and its interaction with open access repositories. Access to information resources has become a modern necessity that needs to be met to share equitably the wealth of the European society. The Directives with intellectual property provisions to enhance copyright law policy makers are the foundation of the European copyright regime. This statement helps me to clarify the design and assumptions underlying open access practice in Europe. The paper analyses strengths and short-comings of these Directives in relation to copyright protection and open access practice among European member states.