A model of social interaction: Tests in three situations

This research tests a model resulting from a perspective of social interaction, one that defines its domain and which specifies interrelationships between elements within that domain. The model is intended to specify the elemental structure of ongoing, stable interactions and is couched at a rather high level of abstraction so that it can be applied to a large range of situations.     

Employment outlook in radio and television

Excerpts from “Employment Outlook in Radio and Television Broadcasting Occupations,”; a 16‐page reprint extracted from the Occupational Outlook Handbook, 7957 Edition, of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, pp. 554–64. The reprint was issued as the Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin No. 1215, 1958, and is available upon request from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C.     

Doctoral dissertations in radio and television

The perceived social realism of television series featuring families with children and adolescents was studied. For the two family series they watched the most, 460 2nd, 6th, and 10th graders indicated the percentage of real‐life American families they believed were like the television family on 13 different characteristics. Findings suggest that perceived social realism judgments are sensitive to content, as are developmental patterns in judgment. They further suggest that disparate findings among previous studies of age changes in perceived social realism may be explained by age, the content judged, the realism criterion used for judgment, and familiarity with both the content and its real‐life referents.     

Political party use of radio and television in the 1960 campaign

Although only about 1% of all broadcast revenues in 1960 could be attributed to time purchased for the Presidential election campaign, the total (close to $14 million) was enough to put a very‐large dent into political party treasuries. At the same time, broadcasting stations and networks reaped a quadrennial bonanza. The following article describes and discusses the trends in party expenditures for political broadcasting, as well as the regional distribution of the amount of broadcasting time purchased by the two major parties. It is primarily an analysis of the Federal Communications Commission's 1960 Survey of Political Broadcasting.     

论西方广电传媒业的公共规制

本文通过对广播电视业的公共规制依据、西方广电传媒业的公共规制模式、西方广电传媒业的规制改革趋势的分析 ,力图从公共规制的角度来揭示西方现代广电传媒体制的多样性和普遍性 ,为我国的广电事业管理体制改革和广电事业公共规制理论的探索提供一些有益的启示。     

Media exposure and appraisal: Phase II,tests of a model in Nigeria

This study represents the second phase of a programmatic research effort designed to test a model of media exposure and appraisal. One of the distinguishing features of the model is that it attempts to link directly individual evaluations of a particular medium to exposure and appraisal. In the model three independent variables, editorial tone, communication potential, and utility, are posited to determine exposure and appraisal. This model was tested with two readership surveys of magazines distributed in Nigeria. While the model provided a good fit to the data, the results suggested that a contingency approach, based on specific attributes of a medium and situational factors, may be necessary to account for the effects of specific patterns of media exposure and appraisal.     

Interactive television: A model of analysis of business economic dynamics

Abstract

Between 1996 and 2001 over $13 trillion dollars was invested in information and telecommunications industries based on the vision of expanding markets and a pro competitive law know as the Telecommunications Act of 1996 ("'96 Act"). Since 2001 investment has substantially shrunk along with expectations about growth and new opportunities in converging information, communications and entertainment ("ICE") industries.

This paper identifies how stakeholders and governments made false assumptions about the near term future of telecommunications demand and the prospects for seamless convergence of information and telecommunications technologies and markets. The paper provides suggestions on how national legislatures and regulators should respond to current circumstances.     

A social identity approach to understanding the impact of television messages

Based on the postulates of social identity theory (SIT), this study examined the relationship between exposure to stereotypical media messages regarding race/ethnicity and subsequent social judgments. Specifically, the association between Whites' evaluations of self and other (Latino) as a result of varying media content pertaining to criminality stereotypes was investigated. The findings were partially consistent with the posited relationships. As predicted, negatively stereotypical racial depictions in mediated messages were found to be significantly associated with social judgments. Only limited support, however, was provided for the predictions that increasing levels of racial identification would be related to increased ingroup favoritism, or that esteem would be enhanced from this mediated process of intergroup comparison.     

Research in radio,television, and film by graduate students in speech

Speech graduate students perform varied types of research in the radio‐television‐film field. An analysis of the nature of this research suggests some important conclusions.     

Reconceptualizing the role of habit: A new model of television audience activity

This paper explores the role played by habit in shaping audience behavior through an analysis of Nielsen audience data. Through the use of a structural equation model, comparisons, are made between individuals’ weekday and weekend viewing patterns to determine if similarities persist despite the structural and programmatic differences in those time periods. Results indicate that habit plays a significant role in viewing behavior.     

Communicating deviance: The effects of television news coverage of social protest

Past research raises concern that media coverage may unfairly bias the audience against social protesters by portraying them as deviant. Furthermore, negative treatment of protest groups may discourage protest as a form of democratic participation. To examine whether such concerns are indeed warranted, an experiment was conducted exposing 266 subjects to one of two television news stories about the same protest. Results indicate that subtle differences in the news stories led to significant differences in subjects’ perceptions of the protesters and police, but no differences in perceptions of the utility of social protest in general.     

The local television director: Part II of a continuing study

Leveling‐off of construction of new TV stations and transfer from live to film operations at both network and local station levels has occasioned considerable concern on the part of students and teachers of broadcasting. The question of the practical value of university broadcasting instruction can be answered best by studying station practice, and the market for the university‐trained product.     

Research on children and television: A critique

This systematic content analysis compares local coverage of Hispanic‐American news across newspapers, radio and television in Southwest cities with substantial Hispanic populations. Story prominence, Hispanic representation and content are examined.     

The journal of radio studies: An introduction volume II

The advent of Internet-delivered radio made possible through streaming technology promises to confront the industry with new challenges. Although computer-mediated radio promises to open new markets and revenue streams, this latest technological miracle also has the potential to further fragment audiences and create new competitive demands. This study surveys 50 Delphi panelists to ascertain the top operational challenges promulgated by this technology and offers some recommendations for entrepreneurs seeking to enter the arena of streamed radio.     

Deregulation and public perceptions of television: A longitudinal study

The deregulation of television and resulting implications for programming and the public interest have been the focus of considerable debate. This study investigated perceptions of issues related to current policy, perceptions of the effectiveness of television in meeting informational needs, and whether perceptions have changed since deregulation. Significant differences were found between pre‐ and post‐deregulation attitudes toward policy‐related issues and the quantity of commercials on television. Perceptions of the amount of news broadcast, coverage of local issues, and the extent to which programming meets local needs revealed no significant change since deregulation. The results revealed strong public support for the requirement that broadcasters cover more than one side of controversial issues.     

Public television in 1976: A projection of station operation and costs

Periodically, technology develops what is touted as a new medium which makes all others obsolete. Television was going to erase radio, tape was going to do away with disc recordings, and quadrasonic sound will do away with stereo which in turn replaced monaural recording methods. Getting the most attention on these lines now is cable television and the competing methods of home video recording—cartridges, cassettes, videodiscs etc. In the following article, Mr. Christians, a Ph.D. candidate in communications at the University of Illinois, suggests that the so‐called home video “revolution” is really nothing of the kind—but rather more of the same content and controlling interests merely wrapped in different garb.     

Distinguishing technologies for social interaction: The perceived social affordances of communication channels scale

The concept of affordances in communication technology research has proven to be heuristically provocative, yet perceived affordances are rarely measured. After extracting commonly cited social affordances from the literature, we developed a measure to assess participants’ perceptions of these affordances. The scale was tested across eight communication channels in two studies (face-to-face; texting; phone; email; posts on social networking sites, specifically Facebook; instant messaging; Skype videoconferencing; and mobile app Snapchat). A factor structure was developed in Study 1 and confirmed in Study 2. The resultant Perceived Social Affordances of Communication Channels Scale includes 41 items measuring 10 communicative affordances: accessibility, bandwidth, social presence, privacy, network association, personalization, persistence, editability, conversation control, and anonymity. Potential methodological and theoretical applications are discussed.     

Community television and the vision of media literacy,social action,and empowerment

The vision of empowerment espoused by the community television movement is explored through an interpretive study of producers at a public access cable television facility. The findings address media literacy, the dialectical nature of societal change, and critical pedagogist Paulo Freire's taxonomy of social action. The findings suggest that the application of advanced media technologies to more democratic purposes is possible with a focus on the critical use of the technological tools for social change.     

Mental illness on television: A study of censorship

This study was part of a larger project directed by C. E. Osgood and J. C. Nunally of the University of Illinois, conducted under a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health. It is especially interesting, not only because of the current controversy over television program control, but for the light it throws on the operation of the network departments charged with the censorship function.     

Marital status in television drama: A case of reduced options

Married and single male and female prime‐time televison characters are presented very stereotypically and traditionally while formerly married female characters are presented less traditionally but somewhat more negatively.