媒介形象:国家形象塑造和传播的关键环节——一种跨学科的综合视角

大众媒介在对一个国家进行报道的时候,经过不断的积累逐渐形成了该国家在媒介上的表现形象——国家的媒介形象。国家的媒介形象是别国民众认识、评价一个国家的主要的信息来源和参考依据。因此,在国家形象塑造过程中,媒介形象居于重要的不可忽视的地位。     

Examining Relational Maintenance in Parasocial Relationships

This study investigates relational maintenance in parasocial relationships (PSRs) by applying an interpersonal model of friendships (the investment model) and an exploratory mediated model. Undergraduate students (N = 490) reported on their relationships with a close friend and a favorite mediated personality. Despite differences in the strengths of associations, the investment model largely predicted commitment in PSRs through similar processes as it did in friendships. Specifically, greater relational investment and satisfaction predicted relational commitment. Unlike in interpersonal relationships, though, attractiveness of alternatives was unrelated to commitment in PSRs. The study further found that parasocial strength was predicted by identification with and commitment to the character and by the character's integration within a larger social network. The findings extend past applications of interpersonal theories to the media context and support the importance of assessing relational commitment, investment, and network status in PSRs.     

Exploring the Relationship Between Computer-Mediated Communication,Sexual Identity Commitment,and Well-Being Among Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Adolescents

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adolescents are avid users of computer-mediated communication (CMC), but few empirical studies have investigated the function of CMC in the lives of LGB youth. Grounded in the media practice model, the present study explored the relationships among CMC, sexual identity commitment, and well-being by surveying LGB adolescents (N = 570). Results indicated that a positive relationship existed between time spent on social network sites and well-being that was mediated by sexual identity commitment. Time spent instant messaging, sending/receiving e-mail, or in chat rooms was not related to sexual identity commitment or well-being. Social network sites may aid LGB youth in understanding their sexual identities in ways that other CMC modalities cannot.     

新闻传播硕士专业学位设置的现实考察与理论论证

本文是中国人民大学新闻与社会发展研究中心所承担的,国家新闻出版总署委托研究项目——《新闻传播硕士专业学位设置论证》课题成果主报告的一部分。该文通过对当前我国新闻传播业发展和新闻传播教育实践的现实考察,分析了当前我国开设新闻传播硕士专业学位教育的背景,论述了设置新闻传播硕士专业学位的必要性、紧迫性和可行性,并得出了目前我国设置新闻传播硕士专业学位的条件已经成熟的结论。     

Media Effects on Acculturation and Biculturalism: A Case Study of Korean Immigrants in Los Angeles' Koreatown

Given the assumption that mass media reflect the cultural values of a society, this study investigates the effects of American and Korean mass media on Korean immigrants' acculturation process. Structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression modeling were used to evaluate how exposure to mass media is related to the acculturation process. The survey results from the two different analyses were consistent with each other, in that exposure to American mass media was a significant positive predictor for the acceptance of American cultural values and a significant negative predictor of the affinity for Korean cultural identity. However, exposure to Korean mass media was related to neither immigrant's affinity for Korean cultural identity nor acceptance of American cultural values. Thus, we surmise that even though Korean immigrants are frequently exposed to both American and Korean mass media, they tend to be Americanized instead of bicultural due to the strong effects of the American media.     

Revisiting Schramm's Radiotown: Media Displacement and Saturation

In 1959 Wilbur Schramm collected data on the media use behavior of children in what he believed was the last remaining town in North America to have radio as its only electronic mass media, and he concluded the primary impact of new media was the displacement of incumbent media. This research returns to Schramm's “Radiotown” for two follow-up studies to assess the validity of displacement as a mechanism for understanding long-term changes in media use. The first study is a qualitative data collection among a convenience sample (n = 28) of the now-adult participants of the 1959 study. The second study quantitatively tests the conclusions of the first study among the youth of Radiotown (n = 263). Among both adults and youth, radio remains a primary mass media device, with adults using more radio now than in 1959. Three principles of media use are proposed: the ubiquity of mass media devices in the household, the proximity of media devices, and the constancy of media use. Implications for the displacement hypothesis are discussed.     

Media Functionality and the Principle of Relative Constancy: An Explanation of the VCR Aberration

The introduction and diffusion of the videocassette recorder (VCR) coincided with an increase in consumer spending on mass media as a proportion of gross national product. This article attempts to explain this apparent aberration to the principle of relative constancy by analyzing both the pattern of consumer expenditures on all mass media and the functionality of the VCR in relation to other media. An examination of audience needs and uses of the VCR suggests that the VCR offers a range of functions that implicate both mass communication and interpersonal communication. Thus, the VCR is both a functional competitor and a functional complement to existing mass media. The implications for the study of new media include a suggestion that functional analysis of media may provide an additional explanatory power for the mechanism of consumer spending on mass media.     

“New” Holistic Mass Media Business Model

This qualitative case study, based on the principles of grounded theory, develops a holistic business model for media outlets by investigating the organizational structure and corporate culture of a unique agricultural radio station that operated successfully for over 60 years. It examines the station in the context of its founding era and determines the process used to create this survivor. An inductively generated “theory of commitment” is proposed, and guidelines are provided that could help today's independent media start-ups become survivors.     

Promise and Reality: The Integration of Print and Online Versions of Major Metropolitan Newspapers

Newspapers that seek first-mover advantage too often have expended financial capital and personnel resources on new media initiatives without fully appreciating the obstacles or the potential outcomes, an approach that may be understandable in an increasingly competitive marketplace fueled by the explosive growth of the Internet. Newspaper editors still question whether and how to integrate their Internet editions into existing newsrooms in hopes of leveraging the strengths of each. A survey of 63 major metropolitan U.S. newspaper editors showed that these managers have a high level of commitment to integration. In addition, a statistically significant relationship was found between multiple procedural or policy factors and management perception that integration had met management objectives. If integration between the newspaper and its online service is the desired outcome, the most important factors appear to include having a partnership with other media, instituting a converged news desk that handles stories regardless of medium or distribution method, having management commitment to integration, equalizing perceptions of status between newspaper workers and online workers, empowering online staff to actively participate in planning meetings, utilizing the online service for breaking news that occurs off-publication cycle, and encouraging print-side staff members to generate content for exclusive use online.     

Future Business Innovation in Minority Language Media

This article investigates innovation in the media business models that some European minority-language news organizations are implementing in these times of economic crisis. It entails a shift in the underlying business and service philosophy which interpellates the community and pleads for a change in their mutual relationship. The research is based on the case studies of two private media companies from the Catalan and Basque language media systems that were experiencing economic and financial difficulties. Conducting inspirational advertising campaigns, the news organizations issued a call for readers and non-readers to make a funding commitment to the project, a pledge to provide new revenues and liaisons, while retaining and enhancing the standard income streams. In brief, it is about going back to the basics of active community projects and involvement.     

Audience Community as a Strategic Resource in Media Work

This article discusses the role of the online audience community as a strategic resource for media work. It opens up a current perspective on the audience community, which has received scarce attention in research both conceptually and empirically. The article provides an empirical analysis of the various ways in which the audience community can serve as a resource in the work of journalists. The conclusion is that the audience community can have wide-ranging strategic significance and implications for media work and media brands. In particular, observing and connecting with the audience community can help journalists acquire deeper knowledge and understanding of the audience, as well as strengthen commitment and engagement among the audience with the media brand. As a consequence of collaborating with the audience community, new journalistic roles and tasks are emerging.     

Project “listening post”: An experiment in education for broadcasting

For almost two decades, researchers have been following in the footsteps of Paul Lazarsfeld in asking members of the public comparative questions about the mass media. However, fewer studies have inquired as to opinions held toward a particular type of program or feature in one particular medium. Recent research indicates that, despite the growth of television, radio news has “held its own” as a valuable source of information to the American people.     

Testing the Relative Constancy of Mass Media Expenditures in the United Kingdom

This study tests the hypothesis of relative constancy in the United Kingdom, applying regression techniques to a series of consumer mass media expenditures from 1963 to 1989. The analysis confirms a long-term constancy of mass media spending, regardless of variations in disposable personal income and the passage of time. During the entire 27-year period, U.K. consumers spent a relatively stable share of their disposable personal income on mass media. A separate analysis of data from 1980 to 1989 also reveals that they devoted an increasing share of their income to mass media in the last decade, largely because of the introduction of video hardware and software.     

知情权和媒体的代表性

文章通过对知情权的界定和媒体代表性的探讨,说明知情权并非媒介所想象的理所当然,而目前媒体的代表性也值得追问,并试图寻求媒体代表公众的途径。     

20世纪中期日本的周刊杂志创刊热及办刊思路

日本由出版社出版的周刊杂志是在电视出现后才出现的一种新的大众媒介,也是日本出版业界在力图把出版作为大众媒介来运营方面所做出的努力。周刊杂志在内容和编排手法上都不同于报纸和图书,易读、注重娱乐性和提供信息是周刊杂志的一大特征。     

The Media Audience: A Brief Biography—Stages of Growth or Paradigm Change?

The concept of audience was widely adapted from its earlier origins in public spectacles and performance to apply to the new circumstances of mass media reception in the early 20th century, and especially to the public for film and broadcasting. It could even be applied more generally to include print media. The then novel usage of the term was a component in the larger paradigm of mass communications that in turn rested on certain preconceptions about its ‘mass’ character. These preconceptions have been challenged by subsequent research and theory. More recently, however, the ongoing transformation of the means of communication may have rendered the whole mass communication paradigm itself obsolescent, and with it the concept of a mass audience. In this article it is argued that paradigmatic change in ideas about the audience may be less due to a shift in technology than to the more fundamental theoretical changes of the intervening period.     

少数民族地区大众传媒发展问题论析

大众传媒在少数民族地区和谐社会构建中发挥着重要的作用。当前,少数民族地区大众传媒发展水平落后于发达地区。应该着眼于深化体制改革来推进少数民族地区大众传媒的发展。     

小泉政权的媒体战略

本文从当今日本入手 ,试图解读政治传播与大众传媒的关系 ,描述日本资本主义民主政治框架下政治权力对大众传媒的利用、控制及怀柔的概观 ,希望为政治传播领域提供一个“西方式民主框架”下的媒体对权力关系构造的参考     

媒介素养教育:不应忽视的潜在课程

随着青少年接触大众媒介的机会增多,引发诸多社会弊病,媒介素养问题显得较为突出。引入潜在课程的概念意在说明,在当前重视学校教育的同时,不应低估大众传媒对青少年的影响。而媒介素养教育一方面可以引导青少年正确认识传媒,同时也可以强化大众传媒作为“潜在课程”的积极作用,消解或减少其消极作用。     

A Marketplace Theory of Media Use

This study articulates a theory of media use that, with the proliferation and diversification of the mass media, conceptualizes news coverage as a commodity or product. From marketing to mass communication, we extend a conceptual framework of product purchase, articulating 4 determinants of attitude toward newspaper (AN), which, in turn, influences newspaper readership. Determinants of AN are news credibility, attitude toward diversity aspects of journalism, attitude toward financial aspects of journalism, and individual differences. The study, using a well-fitting structural equation model, demonstrates the role that each of these measures plays in predicting media use and, furthermore, validates the applicability of the marketplace theory of media use. The model was tested with data from a telephone survey of 803 adults in a large California urban center.